均匀设计优化槐花中黄酮类物质的水浸提工艺

以提高水提液中黄酮类化合物质量浓度为目的,通过4组单因素试验和均匀试验研究了槐花黄酮类化合物的最佳水提工艺。结果表明:在料液比为34g∶250mL条件下,槐花黄酮类化合物的最优水提条件为水的pH值8.0、水提温度100℃、水提时间105min;按优化工艺条件黄酮类化合物的得率为1.440%。     

双水相法提取澳洲茶树黄酮研究

为优化双水相法提取澳洲茶树中黄酮类化合物的条件,以澳洲茶树叶的总黄酮提取率为评价指标,分别对双水相的溶剂饱和程度、乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度对黄酮提取率影响进行了探究。结果表明,双水相提取优化条件为溶剂饱和度磷酸二氢钾∶乙醇1∶2（w/v）,70%（v/v）乙醇,料液比1∶20（w/v）,提取时间为90min,提取温度90℃。提取率最高6.74%。双水相提取澳洲茶树黄酮提取率较高,且分相时间短,不存在有机溶剂残留,易于工艺放大和连续操作,是一种理想的提取方法。     

药用植物罗布麻的转录组测序及分析

为了获得罗布麻转录组信息,研究罗布麻中功能基因的表达以及分子标记的开发,本研究采用Illumina HiSeq2000高通量测序技术对罗布麻进行转录组测序及分析。通过过滤掉低质量的读序,共获得26148138个高质量的读序,组装得到61538个Unigene序列。其中,有25296个Unigene在公共数据库中得到注释。通过KEGG分析,共发现29个Unigene参与活性成分(黄酮类)生物合成。检测出单核苷酸至六核苷酸重复类型的SSR位点13524个。本研究结果分析了参与黄酮类化合物合成的相关基因以及潜在的SSR位点,为进一步研究罗布麻次生代谢产物合成的功能基因的挖掘、分子标记的开发以及资源利用提供有用的信息。     

DPPH radical scavenging activity of two flavonol glycosides from Aconitum napellus sp. lusitanicum

The DPPH radical scavenging activity of two flavonol glycosides obtained from ethanolic extracts of Aconitum napellus sp. lusitanicum was studied. The results showed a high DPPH antiradical activity of compound 1 (quercetin 3-O-(6-trans-caffeoyl)-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-glucopyranosyl-7-O-alpha-rhamnopyranoside) when compared with compound 2 (quercetin-3-sophoroside-7-rhamnopyranoside), rutin and ascorbic acid. The relationship between the caffeoyl and rhamnopyranoside groups in the flavonol glycosides structures and the DPPH antiradical activity was also discussed.     

荔枝冷害过程中果皮色泽、花色素苷和类黄酮含量的变化

 研究了‘糯米糍’荔枝果实在3 ℃和0 ℃条件下果皮的色泽和花色素苷及类黄酮含量的变化。结果表明, 果实在0 ℃下14 d 时褐变指数迅速增大, 21 d 时已遭受不可逆的冷害。在冷藏过程中, 果皮的色泽指标a、L、C 值及花色素苷、类黄酮、总酚含量均随贮藏时间的延长而下降, 0 ℃下比3 ℃下降快。0 ℃下14～21 d , a、L、C 值分别下降了27.95 %、33.58 %和58.47 % , 而21 d 时果皮花色素苷、类黄酮和总酚含量依次为采收时的18.08 %、35.99 %和41.64 %。说明冷害加速了荔枝果皮花色素苷的降解及类黄酮和总酚的变化, 促进了褐变进程的发生。果皮a、L、C 值与褐变指数、花色素苷含量呈显著相关性( P < 0.05) ,采用自动测色色度计可真实地反映果皮花色素苷含量和褐变程度。     

银杏壳中类黄酮的提取工艺研究

[目的]研究银杏壳中类黄酮的提取工艺条件。[方法]采用乙醇水溶液作提取溶剂来提取银杏壳中的类黄酮,通过单因素试验考察提取时间、乙醇浓度、料液比和提取温度等主要因素对银杏类黄酮提取的影响,并采用正交试验确定传统醇提取法和微波协同萃取法提取银杏壳中类黄酮的最佳工艺条件。[结果]传统醇提取法的最佳条件为:提取温度为60℃,乙醇浓度为75%,料液比为1∶45(W/V,g/ml,下同),提取时间为2 h;在此条件下,类黄酮的得率为0.503 4%。微波法提取银杏壳中类黄酮的最佳条件为:微波温度为60℃,乙醇浓度45%,料液比1∶30,微波提取时间480 s;在此条件下,类黄酮得率为0.815%。[结论]微波提取法操作极为简便迅速,是一种快速、高效、节能的新型提取工艺,与传统醇提法比较,有一定的优越性。     

紫苏茎中黄酮类化合物的提取及鉴定

采用热水提取法、碱性水溶液法、乙醇浸提法、丙酮提取法和甲醇提取法，对紫苏茎中黄酮类化合物进行了提取，并筛选出一种可行的方法。乙醇提取物的定性鉴定表明紫苏茎中含有黄酮类、二氢黄酮类、黄酮醇类和二氢黄酮醇类等多种黄酮化合物，且茎和叶的黄酮成分相似。     

增强UV-B条件下类黄酮与苦荞逆境伤害和抗氧化酶的关系

经增强UV-B处理后,苦荞水培苗表现出胁迫效应,其相对电导率和MDA含量提高,而叶绿素含量和光合速率下降。增强UV-B处理诱导叶片类黄酮含量提高,但高幅照度和长时间UV-B处理则使后期类黄酮含量下降。叶片类黄酮含量与UV-B逆境伤害程度和抗氧化酶活性相关,外施类黄酮物质芦丁可以降低MDA含量和维持SOD活性在较高水平。     

野生卷丹百合黄酮类化合物抗氧化能力的研究

以野生卷丹百合、兰州百合为材料,测定D-101大孔树脂纯化处理前后的总黄酮含量,并比较卷丹百合、芦丁和兰州百合的抗氧化能力。结果表明,用D-101大孔树脂纯化处理前后卷丹百合中总黄酮含量分别为2.187 9和1.723 4 mg/g,兰州百合在纯化前后总黄酮含量分别为1.650 6和1.326 3 mg/g。卷丹百合总黄酮对O2-.、.OH和DPPH都有良好的清除能力且清除效果强于芦丁及兰州百合,表现为:①当提取物质量浓度达到4.00 g/L时,对O2-.的清除率达到89.64%,比同质量浓度芦丁与兰州百合分别高出70.58%和2.57%;②当提取物质量浓度达到2.40 g/L时,对.OH的清除率为62.83%,而同质量浓度芦丁与兰州百合分别为35.68%和25.35%;③当提取物质量浓度达到1.00 g/L时,对DPPH的清除率为47.45%,在同质量浓度下分别比芦丁与兰州百合高出6.82和7.39个百分点。     

Evaluation of phenolics and antioxidant activity of black sorghum hybrids

Black sorghums possess very high levels of the rare 3-deoxyanthocyanidins which can be used as natural food colorants with health benefits. However, these sorghum genotypes have undesirable agronomic properties (i.e. high height, low yield, increased weathering). Black sorghum hybrids with improved agronomic properties were developed and their phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity were compared with black sorghum lines. Black sorghum hybrids were significantly lighter in colour than the lines (P < 0.001). All hybrids had a pigmented testa which was indicated by the presence of condensed tannins, which significantly increased total phenol levels and antioxidant activity. The 3-deoxyanthocyanidin, flavan-4-ol, and flavone levels were significantly lower in the hybrids (P < 0.001) and were strongly correlated to pericarp colour (P < 0.001). Flavanone levels were not significantly different among the lines and hybrids (P > 0.05) and pericarp colour did not affect their levels (P > 0.05). Even though the 3-deoxyanthocyanidin levels were lower in black sorghum hybrids than in the lines, the presence of condensed tannins in the hybrids significantly increased their antioxidant activity. Since 3-deoxyanthocanidin levels were dependent on pericarp colour, hybrids with increased blackness intensity should be developed to increase the stable 3-deoxyanthocyanidins.