Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies on Drynaria quercifolia

Friedelin, epifriedelinol, beta-amyrin, beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol 3-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and naringin were isolated from the dried rhizome of Drynaria quercifolia. The methanol extract showed broad and concentration-dependent antibacterial activity.     

柠檬桉叶化学成分研究(二报)——黄酮类化合物的分离鉴定

从柠檬桉(Eucalyptus citriodora)叶的醇提取物乙酸乙酯组分中分离提纯了五个黄酮类化合物,经物理和光谱方法鉴定为:槲皮素,杨梅树皮素以及它们的糖苷—槲皮索-3-O-葡萄糖苷,杨梅树皮素的3-O-鼠李糖苷和3-O-葡萄糖苷。此外从乙酸乙酯组分的水解液中,经纸层析检测有槲皮素和杨梅树皮素以及花青定和翠雀定存在,表明该组分中含上述黄酮醇及花青素的苷类化合物。     

内源激素含量与银杏叶中类黄酮含量的关系

对银杏叶丛枝叶中内源激素和类黄酮含量进行全周期测定。结果表明 :早期脱落酸 (ABA)含量低 ,但在7月初有一次绝对值较低的含量峰 ,8月底后含量迅速上升 ,在 11月初达到含量最大值 ,含量峰与叶中类黄酮峰同步 ;乙烯 (ETH)在 7月初和 9月底形成 2次高峰 ,第 2次峰值较大 ,第 1次峰与叶中类黄酮峰平行 ,第 2次峰超前 ;细胞激动素 (CTKs)含量早期高 ,后波动次数较多 ,玉米素 (Zrs)与CTKs含量变化曲线极显著相关 ;赤霉素 (GA)含量早期较高 ,中后期含量较低 ,在 7月中旬、9月底 2次达到含量低谷 ;吲哚乙酸 (IAA)含量在 5月中旬、8月中旬、9月底出现 3次含量高峰 ,第 1次峰值最大 ;较高的ETH、ABA含量 ,较大的CTKs IAA值 ,较低的GA含量有利于叶类黄酮合成 ;在最低的IAA ABA、IAA ETH、CTKs ABA、CTKs ETH、GA ABA、GA ABA、GA ETH值时 ,相应地在银杏叶中有类黄酮合成高峰。讨论了内源激素与叶中类黄酮之间的关系。     

不同月份元宝枫叶内黄酮、绿原酸含量的变化

以5年生元宝枫苗为试材,用方差分析和多重比较的方法研究了元宝枫叶内黄酮、绿原酸含量及有关成分随月份的变化规律。结果表明:元宝枫叶内黄酮含量8月份最高,含量高达5.86%,绿原酸含量6月份最高,含量高达3.62%,SOD酶活性8月份最高,叶绿素含量6月份最高,可溶性糖含量9月份最高,月份不同其含量也不同,不同月份下,黄酮、绿原酸、叶绿素、可溶性糖含量均以a=0.01水平上差异极显著,而SOD酶活性以a=0.05水平上差异显著。     

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Strawberry Jams

Strawberries represent the main source of ellagic acid derivatives in the Brazilian diet. They are also good sources of flavonoids, mainly anthocyanins, and phenolic acids, to which many beneficial effects have been attributed. However, as the fruit is not available all the year, the objective of this work was to determine whether the jams could also represent a good source of bioactive compounds. In the current study, five different commercially available strawberry jams were characterized in relation to flavonoids, total phenolics, free and total ellagic acid contents, and antioxidant capacity. Anthocyanins were detected only in two jams at very low content. Kaempferol glycosides were the main flavonoids present (from 0.38 to 1.05 mg/100 g fresh weight, FW), while quercetin glycosides were present in the range 0.14–1.20 mg/100 g FW. Free and total ellagic acid content ranged from 0.4 to 2.9 mg/100 g FW, and from 17.0 to 29.5 mg/100 g FW, respectively. Total phenolics varied from 58 to 136 mg/100 g FW, and the antioxidant capacity from 0.55 to 0.76 μmol BHT (Butylhydroxytoluene) equivalents/g FW. Overall, results indicated that jams can also represent a good source of antioxidant compounds, although compared to the fruit important losses seem to occur.     

Flavonoids from Acalypha indica

Four known kaempferol glycosides, mauritianin, clitorin, nicotiflorin and biorobin, have been isolated from the flowers and leaves of Acalypha indica. Some formerly published NMR data were corrected.     

超声波提取-分光光度法测定海金沙草药中的总黄酮

[目的]优选海金沙草药中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺,并测定海金沙中总黄酮的含量。[方法]采用超声波提取海金沙中的总黄酮,以无水乙醇为提取剂,通过正交试验探讨溶剂浓度(乙醇浓度)、超声提取时间、温度和提取次数等条件对提取结果的影响,并采用分光光度法测定其含量。[结果]最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度60%,温度25℃,超声时间10 min,提取次数为3次。将所得的结果与常规的水提取法和索氏提取法进行比较,其总黄酮的提取含量达到了4.12%。[结论]该方法与其他常规方法相比,具有简洁、方便、提取速度快和节能的优点,并提高了提取效率。     

Flavonoids with antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of Macaranga triloba

A new flavanone derivative, malaysianone A (1), four prenylated flavanones, 6-prenyl-3'-methoxyeriodictyol (2), nymphaeol B (3), nymphaeol C (4) and 6-farnesyl-3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (5), and two coumarins, 5,7-dihydroxycoumarin (6) and scopoletin (7), were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of the inflorescences of Macaranga triloba. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR-1D and 2D), UV, IR and mass spectrometry. The cytotoxic activity of the compounds was tested against several cell lines, with 5 inhibiting very strongly the growth of HeLa and HL-60 cells (IC(50): 1.3 μg/ml and 3.3 μg/ml, respectively). Compound 5 also showed strong antiplasmodial activity (IC(50): 0.06 μM).     

大麦籽粒4种主要黄酮类化合物含量基因型与环境互作分析(英文)

[目的]该研究旨在研究其黄酮类化合物的基因型与环境互作分析,以在栽培和育种等方面提高大麦籽粒的黄酮类化合物含量。[方法]该研究通过高效液相色谱技术研究了种植在昆明,曲靖,保山地区大麦籽粒儿茶素,杨梅素,槲皮素,山柰酚的含量,并对这几种黄酮类化合物的基因型,环境及基因型×环境四大大麦黄酮含量的相互作用的变化进行了研究。[结果]结果表明,儿茶素和山奈酚含量的基因型方差、环境方差和G×E互作方差趋势相同,为基因型变异>环境变异>G×E互作变异,均达到极显著水平;槲皮素和总黄酮含量的基因型方差、环境方差和G×E互作方差趋势相同,为基因型变异>G×E互作变异>环境变异,均达到极显著水平;杨梅素含量的基因型方差和环境方差均达到极显著水平,G×E互作方差达显著水平;杨梅素含量的基因型变异>环境变异>G×E互作变异;总黄酮含量的基因型变异>环境变异>G×E互作变异。不同大麦品种,紫光芒大麦和宽颖大麦在曲靖,昆明,保山三个地区都具有较高的槲皮素含量,其他大麦几乎不含槲皮素,研究中发现,紫光芒大麦和宽颖大麦的籽粒颜色为紫色,而其他品种的大麦籽粒颜色均为黄色。[结论]该研究中的四种黄酮类化合物及总黄酮都是主要受遗传控制及遗传环境相互作用。紫色大麦籽粒中具有较高的槲皮素含量。     

不同越冬处理对苹果幼树抽条和黄酮质量分数的影响

以富士和金富苹果为材料,采用建造阳畦、缠薄膜、“小温室”越冬等方法,调查不同越冬方式对2a生苹果幼树越冬抽条的影响,测定越冬期枝条电导率和黄酮质量分数变化.结果表明,苹果幼树越冬期枝条电导率呈先降再升的趋势,最低值在12月下旬,萌芽前最高,萌芽前枝条电导率的高低与幼树抽条呈正相关;枝条黄酮质量分数则表现为先升后降的趋势,最高值在2月下旬,萌芽前最低,越冬期幼树抽条率与枝条韧皮部黄酮质量分数变化幅度呈正相关.“小温室”与树体缠膜幼树越冬抽条率低,其枝条电解质渗出率和黄酮质量分数均显著低于阳畦和对照.不同品种间,富士枝条电导率稍低于金富,但变幅较大,其黄酮变幅高于金富.树体缠薄膜和“小温室”方法是目前甘肃沿黄地区苹果幼树安全越冬最有效的方法.