东北豆科山羊豆族4属植物叶形态特征及数量分类学研究

本研究采用GMA切片、扫描电镜及叶片透明法,深入研究了东北豆科山羊豆族4属25种植物叶的形态结构。选取与叶相关的23个形态性状,参考8个非叶的特征,进行了聚类分析与主成分分析。结果表明,相似系数在0.58处时,4属植物被分为3组,黄耆属与米口袋属为一组,棘豆属和甘草属各自为一组。小叶是否具腺体、叶柄横切面形状及叶柄细胞是否具单宁等特征具有较高的绝对权重值,可以作为区分刺果甘草与甘草和其他山羊豆族植物的依据。托叶质地、托叶与叶柄联合程度及小叶叶缘是否反卷等特征可作为棘豆属的识别特征。托叶形状在属下种间具一定的分类学价值。本研究为山羊豆族植物分类学及豆科植物系统学研究提供了叶形态学依据。     

GIS空间分析技术在苜蓿叶面积测定中的应用

借助数码相机获取苜蓿叶片和参照物图像,经R2V矢量化后利用GIS空间分析技术提取其面积和周长等特征信息。结果表明,参照物周长、面积提取值和实际值之间的平均相对误差仅为0.55%和1.08%,远小于叶面积仪器的测量误差(5%~15%),说明GIS空间分析技术应用于苜蓿叶面积测定是切实可行的;作为GIS应用的一个拓展,其强大的数据处理功能可一次性自动输出大量苜蓿叶片的单叶周长、单叶面积、叶片数等多项信息,因此与其他叶面积测定方法相比,GIS空间分析技术测定叶面积具有精确、简捷、数据处理量大、额外投资小等优点,适用于在科研领域和生产上推广使用。     

Influence of race and post infection temperature on two components of partial resistance to wheat leaf rust in seedlings of wheat

Summary Components of partial resistance, infection frequency and latency period, were determined in 71 winter and spring wheat genotypes in the seedling stage, after infection with three races of leaf rust (Felix 3B, Clement B and Betuwe 85C) at three different day/night temperature regimes (24/18°C, 18/12°C and 12/6°C). The genotypes were split into two groups and two separate experiments were carried out. Five genotypes, SVP 84039, Akabozu, Banco, BH 1146 and Orso, conferred a low infection frequency and a long latency period and Westphal 12A a long latency period, indicating a relatively high level of partial resistance. The correlation coefficient between infection frequency and latency period was low. Race-specificity was not found. There was a significant temperature effect on the latency period. In the second experiment the temperature x genotype interaction was significant. Temperature-response functions of transformed data demonstrated that the latency periods of four relatively resistant genotypes, Westphal 12A, Banco, BH 1146 and Orso and of Sarno and Mirela were most sensitive to temperature. The range between the genotypes with the longest and the shortest latency period was highest at 12°C. Therefore, low temperature regimes are preferred to distinguish differences in level of partial resistance.     

Inheritance of leaf angle in Triticum aestivum L.

Summary A 6×6 diallel was prepared to study the inheritance of leaf angle in T. aestivum L. Genetic analysis in terms of diallel cross parameters and graphic analysis indicated the control of additive gene effects in the expression of this character. The results of F₁ analysis were supported by the analysis of F₂ data.     

矾根主要品种的叶色表型性状分析

通过目测进行分类的方式很难准确界定矾根品种叶色。为建立一套更为科学的基于叶色表型的矾根品种分类体系,笔者利用色差仪对72个矾根品种共计432个样品的叶色进行测定,对获得的L、a、b 3个色度值进行聚类分析,将72个矾根品种分为褐色系、深绿色系、黄色系、灰绿色系、浅绿色系5类色系。对矾根品种各色系的L、a、b值进行相关性分析,发现叶片正面的L值与a值、a值与b值呈负相关,L值与b值呈正相关,但相关性不明显;叶片背面的L值与a值、a值与b值呈负相关,L值与b值呈显著正相关。从多重比较的结果中可以看出,矾根品种各色系之间的L、a、b色度值差异显著,尤其是各色系间叶正面的颜色差异较大,在矾根品种选育工作中,叶片正面的颜色将作为主要参考。     

Phylogenetic studies in Citrus reticulata and related types

Summary Sixteen types of mandarins were screened for their leaf flavonoid patterns with the help of cellulose thin-layer chromatography. In general, Tanaka's classification of mandarins into 36 species is untenable, as was already concluded by Swingle (1948), Hodgson (1965) and Singh (1967). It is likely that a fine loose skinned mandarin was first evolved. Later, it hybridized with wild mandarin to give rise to numerous types and forms.Contribution No. 474 of Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore-6, India.     

三亚市槟榔黄化病危害情况初步调查

为了摸清槟榔黄化病在三亚市的危害情况,对三亚市二区六镇（河东区、河西区、吉阳镇、育才镇、海棠湾镇、天涯镇、崖城镇、凤凰镇）的槟榔种植区进行下乡调查。结果表明三亚市各区镇槟榔种植水平存在差异,二区槟榔种植面积由于城镇化己呈减少趋势;槟榔黄化病在六镇二区零星发病,总体危害较轻,除育才镇一个槟榔园发病在50%以上之外,其他地区基本发病率均在3%以下;其他病虫害的发生率与种植管理水平相关。并对外界报道发病严重而实际调查轻的原因进行了分析,提出应对槟榔黄化病的相关策略。     

南方早熟砂梨缺镁黄叶症诊断与矫治

通过对福建省德化县早熟砂梨“黄叶病株”及“正常植株”叶片及土壤的营养诊断分析：黄叶病株叶片平均含镁量0.131%,极显著低于正常植株0.328%;黄叶症较重的果园土壤交换态镁含量低12.6～24.5㎎/㎏及土壤酸性强pH3.6～4.5,诊断结论砂梨叶片黄化现象为镁素缺乏所致。矫治试验效果,叶面喷施1%硝酸镁3次,可以叶色转绿;12月份土壤基施钙镁磷肥株1.3 kg,翌年5月份后有明显矫治效果。     

过量施氮对嵌合体‘金旗’玉簪叶色、氮代谢关键酶活性及叶绿体超微结构的影响

以嵌合体类型花叶玉簪的代表品种‘金旗’玉簪为材料,研究了过量施用氮肥对嵌合体‘金旗,玉簪叶片的不同部位叶色变化、氮代谢关键酶以及叶绿体超微结构的影响.研究结果显示,在过量(2 g/kg栽培基质)尿素处理后28 d,嵌合体‘金旗’玉簪叶片黄色部位完全转绿,叶绿素含量显著上升且达到最大值;与其相对应嵌合体‘金旗,玉簪叶片的...