Mapping of genes involved in glutathione, carbohydrate and COR14b cold induced protein accumulation during cold hardening in wheat

Using some of the chromosome substitution lines developed from thecrosses of the donor Cheyenne to Chinese Spring we showed that theaccumulation of water soluble carbohydrates during different stages ofhardening was time dependent. Moreover there was a significantcorrelation between the rate of carbohydrate accumulation and the frosttolerance. The expression and regulation of a wheat gene homologous tothe barley cold regulated cor14b gene was compared in frost sensitiveand frost tolerant wheat genotypes at different temperatures. Studies madewith chromosome substitution lines showed that the threshold inductiontemperature polymorphism of the cor14b wheat homologous genewas controlled by loci located on chromosome 5A of wheat, while cor14b gene was mapped, in Triticum monococcum, onto the longarm of chromosome 2A^m. Our study on the effect of cold hardeningon glutathione (GSH) metabolism showed that chromosome 5A of wheathas an influence on the GSH accumulation and on the ratio of reduced andoxidised glutathione as part of a complex regulatory function during coldhardening. In addition, the level of increase in GSH content duringhardening may indicate the degree of the frost tolerance of wheat.     

山东省气象条件对一代玉米螟的影响

利用1976-2005年一代玉米螟盛期卵量、玉米成灾面积与气象因子进行相关性分析,结果表明一代玉米螟的发生发展主要与温度、湿度气象因子有关。其中普查盛期一代玉米螟卵量与5月下旬平均气温呈显著负相关; 玉米受灾面积与5月上旬-中旬平均最低气温及6月上旬平均最高气温呈显著正相关。     

玉林市2017年低温霜冻对马铃薯生产的影响分析

根据玉林市发展马铃薯的自然资源条件,分析2017年冬种马铃薯生长期玉林市温度、降水、日照时数及地面温度等气候要素变化,探讨该时期低温霜冻天气及对马铃薯的影响,提出发展冬种马铃薯防御霜冻危害的对策建议。     

宁夏杏、李子花期幼果期霜冻指标试验研究

霜冻是制约宁夏经济林果生产的主要农业气象灾害之一,探究不同果树霜冻指标可为果树霜冻预报、监测预警及果树霜冻灾害风险评估和灾害防御提供参考。本研究采用人工霜冻模拟箱模拟霜冻试验,对杏树、李子树开花期及幼果期遭受霜冻的临界温度及持续时间开展研究,结果表明：2个杏品种‘金太阳’和‘李梅杏’花期遭受霜冻的温度指标差异不大,-2℃为轻度受冻,-2~-3℃之间为中度受冻,＜-3℃持续时间大于1 h则为重度受冻。4个李子品种花期‘尤萨’的耐冻性较强,在-3℃下持续4 h仅轻微受冻,其他品种在-3℃下就会严重受冻,‘龙园秋李’的耐冻性最差,-3℃持续1 h受冻率就会达到50%。杏幼果在-2.5℃持续1~2 h为轻度受冻,3~4 h为中度受冻,小于或等于-3℃持续1 h及以上为重度受冻,2个品种差异不大。李子幼果的耐冻性差于杏幼果,‘尤萨’在-1℃持续3~4 h和-2.5℃持续1 h就会轻度受冻,-2℃和-2.5℃时持续时间大于等于2 h或者遇-3℃低温就会重度受冻。‘兰蜜李’-2℃和-2.5℃大于或等于3 h或者温度小于等于-3℃为重度受冻。     

Relevance of Osmotic and Frost Protecting Compounds for the Winter Hardiness of Autumn Sown Sugar Beet

The cultivation of autumn sown sugar beet (winter beet) is supposed to result in a marked yield increase compared with spring sown sugar beet. Although the importance of the growth stage reached before winter for the survival of autumn sown sugar beet has already been shown, it is not clear to which extent osmotic and potentially frost protecting compounds may contribute to winter hardiness. The study thus aimed to analyse the acclimatization process of sugar beet to low temperatures and to identify compounds which are important for survival of frost. Field trials with autumn sown sugar beet were conducted at eleven environments in Germany from 2009/10 to 2012/13, which were accompanied by greenhouse experiments with controlled temperature regimes. In the field trials, the survival rates after winter varied from 0 % to 99 %, but only in four environments differences between the five genotypes occurred. During acclimatization, betaine, glutamine, proline and raffinose were markedly accumulated and osmolality was enhanced. In particular betaine, amino acids and osmolality showed a positive correlation to the survival rate and were thus identified as potentially frost protecting substances for sugar beet. In contrast, raffinose and proline seem to act rather as stress indicators as they were negatively related to survival. Possible frost protecting substances were identified which can be used in breeding to improve the winter hardiness of sugar beet.     

沈阳东陵区作物生长季热量资源趋势变化研究

对沈阳东陵区≥10℃初日、初霜日、作物生长季活动积温的历年趋势变化进行了分析。结果表明,1951～2008年,沈阳东陵区作物的适宜播期可提前5～6d,收获期初霜冻日期有后延趋势,作物生长季活动积温趋势增加290℃。     

二灰碎石抵抗冻融破坏作用的研究

针对黑龙江省寒冷的气候特点,对已建公路二灰碎石半刚性基层的使用状况进行调查,分析破坏的原因,并与研究成果进行比较。利用低温实验室模拟自然环境进行冻融循环试验,确定二灰碎石在一定的冻融循环作用下的强度衰减系数,为冻融循环作用下的基层设计提供有一定可靠度的基层强度设计值,保证基层在使用周期内具有一定的冻融耐久性,从而可以提高道路使用质量和延长道路使用寿命,降低维护费用。     

地理地形因素对山西近50年初霜冻变化的影响(英文)

基于1961~2010年山西62个测站逐日最低地温资料,分析了山西初霜冻变化特征,结果表明:(1)山西1961~2010年平均初霜冻日为10月7日;其分布总体表现为北早南晚,平均初霜冻日与海拔高度和纬度呈显著的负相关,相关系数分别为-0.85和-0.82。(2)M-K突变检验表明,山西近50年大部分站点的初霜日都有突变发生,主要集中在20世纪80~90年代,其分布表现为中部偏晚、北部和南部偏早的特征;突变年份与海拔高度和纬度均为负相关,相关系数分别为-0.45和-0.51。(3)大部分站点初霜冻日为推后趋势,推后幅度较大的地区集中在北部及中东部地区,提前较多的地区主要位于南部及中南部的部分地区;趋势变化与海拔高度和纬度均为负相关,相关系数分别为-0.30和-0.37。(4)轻微、中度和重度初霜冻出现的概率分别为:62%~82%、6%~26%和4%~22%,出现最大的区域分别为:中南部和东北部、中部和北中部、西部和北中部;海拔高度与不同等级初霜冻发生概率的相关都不大,纬度对初霜冻发生概率的影响都大于海拔高度。     

果树防霜新型产品的应用研究

为抵御我国北方地区早春时节冷空气形成的晚霜对果树的霜冻危害,采用一种新型发热发烟剂作为果树防霜新型产品在晚霜期的仁用杏园进行防霜试验。结果表明,每公顷地安置240块防霜产品时,仁用杏园温度平均提高1.5~2℃;每公顷地安置375块防霜产品时,仁用杏园温度平均提高2~3℃,且升温迅速,持续时间长;实际烟雾覆盖面积分别为仁用杏试验园面积的2~3倍和4~5倍,维持时间长达1.5 h以上,烟幕浓厚,可见度低,形成的烟雾可在果园空间形成足够的保护层来对抗寒流;2个处理的冻花率分别为6.75%,4.43%,而对照的冻花率为57.66%。     

洛南县核桃春季低温霜冻危害及防治措施的研究

本文根据洛南县核桃生育期以及春季低温霜冻对核桃生长结果危害的实际,对洛南县核桃低温霜冻的危害及防治措施进行了研究。结果认为,采用林业措施、物理措施、化学措施等综合预防措施及灾后补救措施,取得了较好的效果。