寿光1961—2015年初、终霜日、无霜期变化特征 及对农业的影响

笔者利用寿光市1961—2015年的气候资料,通过对初、终霜日期、无霜期观测资料,利用现代气候诊断分析方法,分析寿光市初、终霜日期、无霜期变化特征,科学评估初、终霜日变化对冬小麦和棉花产量的影响,为寿光农业生产防灾减灾提供参考依据。结果表明,（1）初霜日总体呈推迟趋势,终霜日呈提早趋势,无霜期延长。（2）初霜日呈推迟趋势,气候倾向率为2.23 d/10 a,1991年初霜日发生突变;（3）终霜日呈提前趋势,气候倾向率为-1.35 d/10 a。（4）无霜期日数呈增多趋势,气候倾向率为3.58 d/10 a,1994年无霜期日数发生突变。（5）初霜日和无霜期与小麦和棉花产量呈正相关,终霜日与小麦和棉花产量呈负相关,初霜日推迟比终霜日提前对小麦和棉花的产量贡献大。     

浙江乌牛早春茶始摘期及霜冻风险区划

为了解浙江省乌牛早春茶初始采摘期的时空分布特征和减少遭受春季霜冻的风险,应用1971—2014年浙江省71个常规站日资料和2005—2014年共2094个气象自动区域站小时观测资料,以乌牛早春茶发育热量为始摘期区划指标和乌牛早春茶各级冻害总灾损率为霜冻害区划指标,应用GIS技术,采用距离权重反比法(IDW,Inverse Distance Weighted),得到浙江省乌牛早春茶始摘期区划图和乌牛早春季霜冻风险区划分布图。结果表明:浙江全省乌牛早春茶始摘期在2月上旬—3月上旬,从南到北时间递增,温州沿海地区最早,29°N以南为2月中旬,30°N以北地区最晚。浙江沿海、盆地、低丘陵地区适宜种植乌牛早茶,海拔高的地区遭受春季霜冻风险大,不适宜种植乌牛早茶,区划结果将为茶叶主管部门和农技推广部门指导乌牛早种植的布局调整提供重要参考价值和科学依据。     

马铃薯耐霜冻研究进展

综述国内外马铃薯耐霜冻的研究成果,包括马铃薯霜冻害机理、耐冻性鉴定、耐冻性遗传和QTL定位以及提高耐冻性的有效措施等方面的研究进展,并提出了今后马铃薯耐霜冻研究值得深入探讨的问题。     

黑龙江省水稻初霜冻灾害风险区划

根据黑龙江省水稻的生长发育期,以全省77个台站1961～2009年的逐日最低气温资料、霜冻历史灾情数据、社会经济资料、地理信息数据及作物生育期资料为基础,综合运用GIS空间分析和灾害风险评估数学方法,对水稻初霜冻致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体易损性等多因子综合分析,构建水稻初霜冻灾害风险评价的框架、指标体系、方...     

冻害后不同药剂处理对黔芋1号各性状的影响

通过对自然霜冻发生后的黔芋1号叶片表面直接喷施不同药剂,以期筛选出减轻马铃薯冻害、提高其产量的药剂.结果表明,喷施甲基托布津加磷酸二氢钾对冻害后的马铃薯产量有显著提高,是一种较为适用的灾后补救措施.     

陕西苹果花期冻害温度预报方法研究

基于T639数值模式建立了陕西花期冻害温度预报模型,将冻害温度预报精细到乡镇;实现了基于ECMWF数值模式及温度产品的苹果花期冻害的自动预警,结果可为实际生产中苹果花期防灾减灾工作提供参考。     

Economics of p fertilization of two soybean varieties at Jabalpur,M.P., India

Abstract

An economic interpretation was applied to a soybean yield prediction equation derived from data obtained in an experiment at Jabalpur, M.F. It was shown that no level of applied P could substitute for variety selection in terms of either soybean yield or economic returns per ha. Illustrative examples of the minimum price that must be obtained for soybeans before it is profitable to use P fertilizer for given price situations were shown.     

兔病毒性出血症首免时间的研究

针对生产上出现的从断奶育成这一年龄段多发兔病毒性出血症的实际情况，采用快速、敏感的Dot-ELISA方法，通过测定不同免疫状态下的母兔所产兔的母源抗体动态变化规律，并进一步测定不同抗体效价的成年兔攻毒后是否得到保护的结果，再结合生产实际，得出兔病毒性出血症首免时间为30日龄，且剂量加倍。     

Winter Hardiness, Frost Resistance and Vernalization Requirement of European Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera) Cultivars within the Last 20 Years

Cultivars of European winter oilseed rape cultivated in the second half of the 1970s and in the mid-1990s were screened for their winter hardiness, frost resistance and vernalization requirement. A strong correlation between winter hardiness and frost resistance in both groups of rape has been noticed. Among oilseed rapes cultivated in the late 1970s, low erucic acid and particularly double zero cultivars were less winter hard than high erucic acid cultivars. Double zero cultivars were characterized by lower frost resistance and lower vernalization requirement. A significant correlation between vernalization requirement and both frost resistance and field survival has also been shown. Frost resistance of the 1990s (double zero) cultivars was higher than that of double low cultivars from the late 1970s. Their vernalization requirement was still small and did not correlate with either frost resistance or winter hardiness. It was concluded that reduction in the content of glucosinolates in the 1970s involved decrease in winter hardiness and vernalization requirement of cultivars. During the following 20 years winter hardiness of double low cultivars has been improved, but vernalization requirements have not changed. As a result no correlation between winter hardiness and vernalization requirement in contemporary canola cultivars has been observed.     

Initial shapes of stress-strain curve of wood specimen subjected to repeated combined compression and vibration stresses and the piezoelectric behavior

This study investigated the relationship between the initial shape of the stress (σ)-strain (ε) curve of a Chamaecyparis obtusa wood specimen subjected to repeated combined compression and vibration stresses at various angles between the fiber direction and load direction and the piezoelectric behavior. The main findings of the study are: (1) the σ-ε curve became convex initially, and then the stress was proportional to the strain. The σ-ε curve had almost the same shape during both loading and unloading. (2) The σ-piezoelectric voltage (P) curve was nonlinear, with a maximal point or cusp on the curve, which had almost the same shape during both loading and unloading, as was also observed for the σ-ε curve. (3) The plot of the first derivative of the stress [dσ/dε (= σ′)] against ε was nonlinear. The σ′-ε and P-ε curves at various angles were fairly similar. (4) The stress at the maximal point (or cusp) of the σ-P curve decreased with an increase in the angle between the fiber direction and load direction. The tendency of the stresses was very similar to that of Young’s modulus and compression strength calculated from Hook’s law and Hankinson’s law, respectively.