土地流转、规模经营的"国田模式"主要做法与思考

邛崃固驿国田生态农业有限公司经过土地流转实现土地规模经营,依托政府和科研单位的支持,完善基础设施,合理配置资源,科学调整结构,提高了综合效益。同时,通过土地承包经营权换社保解决养老,新农村建设推进集中居住,技术培训促进多渠道就业,使农户收入增加,形成了城乡统筹发展的国田模式,为城乡统筹发展积累了先期经验。但是,从实践来看,体制是否是阻碍城乡统筹发展的主要原因？如何完善土地使用权流转制度？如何有效发挥科技支撑作用,提高综合效益？仍然值得进一步探索。     

浅谈政府性投资建设项目管理策略

随着中央和地方财政收入的不断增长,财政用于基本建设支出占整个财政支出的比例将会越来越大,要把财政性资金管好用好。使政府投资项目充分发挥其作用,就需从项目的立项、实施到项目的竣工决算进行全过程多环节的监督管理,充分发挥财政对基本建设项目价值管理的手段,努力提高基本建设项目的管理水平尤其是财务管理水平。     

浅析高校图书馆电子阅览室管理与维护

在高速传递信息的计算机时代,数字化影响着一切。图书馆做为信息的保存和传播中心,其具体形式也发生了改变。电子阅览室是读者获取数字信息的重要平台,是图书馆数字化建设水平的标志。以黑龙江八一农垦大学图书馆实践为依据,简单地介绍电子阅览室的科学管理与日常维护方法,并针对电子阅室易出现的问题提出了解决方法。     

低影响开发模式在北京地区景观设计中的应用探析

本文通过北京的四个低影响开发实践案例,分析了低影响开发模式在景观设计中的具体应用方式,提出了不足之处和相应的对策。文末总结低影响开发模式在北京地区景观设计中还存在的问题,并提出相应的建议。     

要正确对待西部种草

西部种草需要正确对待几个问题：良种不是绝对的，与环境协调发展的就是好草种；种草的效益不是单方面的，不是追求单方面的效益；人工草地是现代农业的必要组分，同时不要忽视天然草原；种草不要忽视灌木，清除灌木要慎重；种草要有必要农业投入，应该用好地种草；要以发展动物生产和饲料工业为重点，完善草地农业系统；管理是草业的命脉，应尽早达到草业生产数字化。     

从兽药质量抽检信息看兽药管理

通过对2004-2012年兽药质量监督抽检信息的统计,分析了我国兽药管理现状及存在问题,并从鼓励自主创新、完善兽药监管机制和加强行业诚信体系建设等方面提出了一些意见和建议.     

北京市规模化奶牛场运动场防雨现状及建议

运动场是保障奶牛生产力和动物福利的重要设施。2021年6—9月,频繁降雨导致北京地区多家奶牛场的运动场积水,为奶牛生产力、奶牛场生防安全、环境卫生、运动场舒适性和动物福利带来隐患。通过线上线下结合,调研了北京地区27 家规模化奶牛场的运动场防雨、排水及垫料现状。结果表明：调研奶牛场中,88.90%奶牛场配备了运动场,其中83.33%奶牛场通过设置地面倾角、设置挡雨棚、雨污分离槽及布设排水管道（沟渠）、雨后水泵排水等方式实现运动场防雨及排水。此外,针对运动场建设、运动场防雨、运动场舒适性展开讨论,以期改善运动场防雨现状,满足集约化奶牛场可持续发展需求和提升动物福利。     

草地生态系统安全及其评价研究

探讨了草地生态安全及其评价的概念与内涵,认为草地生态系统安全判断与度量准则应该是草地生态系统健康、草地生态系统服务功能及生态风险与管理的科学统一。同时尝试提出了草地生态系统安全评价的"健康-服务功能-风险与管理(health-service-risk and management,HSRM)"模型,构建了HSRM评价模型的指标体系,提出草地生态安全评价中草地生态安全度计算公式和安全状态分级标准。     

Selective and on-demand drenching of lambs: Impact on parasite populations and performance of lambs

AIM: To determine whether drenching regimes for lambs by which a proportion (10%) of the heaviest animals was selectively left untreated, or animals are only drenched ‘on demand’ when faecal nematode egg counts (FEC) exceeded a threshold level, would result in measurable increases in parasite larval challenge in the autumn and/or decreases in the performance of lambs.

METHODS: A replicated study compared three drenching strategies in which mobs of lambs (n=360 in total) received either: a five-drench preventive programme, administered to all animals (Treatment 1); a five-drench preventive programme, but the 10% heaviest animals left untreated each time (Treatment 2); or drench treatments administered only when FEC exceeded 500 eggs per gram of faeces (epg) (Treatment 3). After the five-drench programme, animals in Treatments 1 and 2 were treated according to FEC as for Treatment 3. A triple-combination drench containing ivermectin, oxfendazole and levamisole, administered orally, was used for all treatments. There were nine farmlets, allowing three replicates of each treatment, in a completely randomised design. Parasite infestations on pasture were measured in autumn by pasture plucks, and worm burdens were monitored in tracer lambs, while the performance of lambs was assessed by liveweight gains, fleece weights, and body condition and dag scores.

RESULTS: Increased numbers of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae on pasture were found in the autumn on farmlets treating selectively or on-demand (Treatments 2 and 3). No differences were detected in other parasite species. Mean liveweight gains did not differ between treatments but some differences were detected between drenched and undrenched lambs in Treatment 2. Mean body condition and mean dag scores of lambs in Treatment 3 tended to be lower and higher, respectively, than those of lambs in Treatment 1; Treatment 2 was generally intermediate.

CONCLUSIONS: Drenching strategies for lambs designed to slow the development of anthelmintic resistance, by increasing the pool of susceptible worms available to dilute resistant survivors after treatment, resulted in increased numbers of H. contortus and T. colubriformis but not other species of parasite on pasture. The increased parasite challenge to lambs in the autumn was associated with small production losses, which may be acceptable to farmers wishing to implement such strategies. It is clear that further work is required on the interaction between management practices and the population dynamics of parasites, especially with regard to creating pools of susceptible genotypes to slow the development of drench resistance.     

荷兰农药登记及应用情况

本文概述了荷兰农药登记的基本情况,应用中存在的一些问题,荷兰政府为解决问题而采取的具体措施等.荷兰的农药登记与管理由CTB负责,农药登记和应用均以保护环境为根本目的,荷兰政府采取各种行之有效的措施降低农药环境污染的风险.