BHT对苹果采后灰霉病的防效及防御酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响

为探究2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,BHT)对苹果采后灰霉病的防效和防病机制,采用平板法和刺伤接种法测定了BHT对灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的抑制作用及果实内防御酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明,0.1 mmol/L BHT对苹果灰霉病的防效最佳,处理苹果后间隔48～96 h接种灰霉病菌,其防效可达68.59%～73.55%,其次为0.2、1.0 mmol/L BHT处理,但防效均低于52.94%。0.1 mmol/L BHT处理对灰霉病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发无显著抑制作用,但可显著增强果实内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性以及总抗氧化能力,其峰值是对照的1.82～5.28倍,且均显著高于单独接种灰霉病菌的处理。此外,单独接种灰霉病菌的苹果果实内丙二醛含量快速升高,最大增幅达251.49%,而BHT处理后丙二醛含量变幅较小,最大增幅仅为83.95%。表明BHT可通过增强苹果果实内防御酶活性水平和总抗氧化能力来降低丙二醛的积累,从而提高果实对灰霉病的抗性。     

Role of TLR4-TRPC6 in LPS-induced NF-κB P65 expression and nuclear translocation in airway epithelial 16HBE cells

AIM: To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) P65 expression and nuclear translocation in airway epithelial cells (16HBE) for supplementing the mechanism for airway inflammation. METHODS: After stimulating the 16HBE cells with LPS at 1 mg/L for 0, 0.5, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h, the expression of NF-κB P65 at mRNA and protein levels in the 16HBE cells were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65 was detected by immunocytochemical staining method. The effects of TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095 at 5 μmol/L and TRPC6 agonist Hyp9 at 10 μmol/L on LPS (1 mg/L)-induced NF-κB P65 expression and nuclear translocation in the 16HBE cells were determined by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemical staining. RESULTS: LPS increased the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB P65 and nuclear translocation in the 16HBE cells(P<0.05). TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095 reduced the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB P65 and nuclear translocation induced by LPS, while Hyp9 enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB P65 and nuclear translocation induced by LPS in the 16HBE cells(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: LPS induces the expression and nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65 in the 16HBE cells via TLR4-TRPC6 signaling pathway.     

Regulatory effect of astragaloside IV on SDF-1α/CXCR4 in EPCs

AIM: To investigate the effects of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) on chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and its mechanism. METHODS: Rat bone marrow-derived EPCs were cultured in vitro. The proliferation, adhesion, migration, apoptosis and tube formation capacity of EPCs treated with AS-IV and AMD3100, a specific blocker of CXCR4, were observed. The effects of AS-IV on the expression of SDF-1α/CXCR4 at mRNA and protein levels and the protein level of p-CXCR4 in the EPCs were determined. RESULTS: AS-IV significantly enhanced the proliferation, adhesion, migration and tube formation abilities of EPCs, reduced the apoptosis of EPCs, and up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of SDF-1α and CXCR4 and the p-CXCR4 protein level in the EPCs. On the other hand, AMD3100 blocked the up-regulating effect of AS-IV on the mRNA and protein expression of CXCR4 and the p-CXCR4 protein level in the EPCs, but did not affect the effect of AS-IV on the expression of SDF-1α. CONCLUSION: AS-IV might enhance the biological function of EPCs by regulating the expression of SDF-1α/CXCR in EPCs.     

非道路动力底盘线控四轮独立转向控制系统研究

我国苜蓿主要生产区为甘肃、宁夏等路况复杂的山地丘陵地带,用于苜蓿收获的非道路动力底盘的行驶灵活性将直接影响其作业性能。为改善其低速工况下的行驶灵活性,基于车辆三自由度动力学模型提出了非道路动力底盘以跟随已知路线前进为目标的多种工况下的分层控制策略,搭建了四轮转向硬件在环实验平台,并进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明:动力底盘模型能够实现轨迹跟随、原地转向及斜向行驶,质心位置最大偏差为0.6 4 1 8 m,中心线方向最大偏差为3.3 0 9 6 rad。开发的控制系统取得较好的半实物仿真效果,为改善非道路动力底盘低速情况下转向灵活性提供了理论基础。     

中早熟高产抗病抗虫棉品种衡棉4号的选育

衡棉4号是用GK12为外源抗棉铃虫Bt基因的供体,以具有海岛棉、陆地棉和野生棉遗传基础的省1322系作抗病亲本,以冀棉27为丰产亲本,在黄枯萎混生重病地、不防治棉铃虫的高压胁迫下连续定向选择培育而成.突出表现早熟、抗棉铃虫、高产和抗病.适宜在冀中南及同一生态类型地区推广.     

施肥模式对日光温室土壤铵态氮和硝态氮的影响

通过种植两茬油菜,设置7种施肥模式:有机肥施氮量600 kg/hm2;有机肥施氮量300 kg/hm2;无机肥施氮量767 kg/hm2;无机肥施氮量383 kg/hm2;有机肥施氮量450 kg/hm2,无机肥施氮量153 kg/hm2;有机肥施氮量300 kg/hm2,无机肥施氮量383 kg/hm2;有机肥施氮量150 kg/hm2,无机肥施氮量191 kg/hm2,研究了日光温室0～200 cm土壤中NH4+-N和NO3--N的迁移累积。结果表明,不同施肥模式主要影响0～40 cm土壤中NH4+-N的平均累积量和平均质量比,单施无机肥的相应值大于单施有机肥;不同施肥模式主要影响0～40 cm土壤中NO3--N的平均累积量和平均质量比,当施氮量小于383 kg/hm2时,相应值从大到小依次为:单施无机肥、单施有机肥、有机肥和无机肥配施,不同施肥模式也影响40～160 cm土壤中NO3--N的迁移累积。从地下水污染风险和产量考虑,北京农业种植区日光温室油菜种植可按照有机肥150 kg/hm2、无机肥191 kg/hm2的施肥模式进行施肥。     

基于拉格朗日的冗余驱动并联机构刚体动力学建模

针对4-UPS-RPU 4自由度冗余驱动并联机构的刚体动力学建模问题,基于拉格朗日方程建立冗余驱动并联机构动力学模型。首先,推导出4-UPS-RPU冗余驱动并联机构系统的动能表达式、势能表达式和作用于并联机构非保守力的等效广义力;然后,应用拉格朗日法建立4-UPS-RPU冗余驱动并联机构的动力学模型,为并联机构驱动力的求解以及整个机构的动力学分析奠定基础;最后结合算例,采用Matlab编程对动力学模型进行数值计算并绘制了机构驱动杆驱动力变化曲线,将上述分析结果与ADAMS虚拟仿真结果对比验证了所建动力学模型的正确性。研究不仅为4-UPS-RPU 4自由度冗余驱动并联机构动力学优化设计和控制等后续研究提供了理论依据,也为其他冗余驱动并联机构的动力学建模提供了可行的方法。     

水稻适雨灌溉对稻田CH_4和N_2O排放的影响

采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,观测分析了水稻适雨灌溉和常规灌溉2种模式下稻田CH_4和N_2O的季节排放情况,评估了水稻适雨灌溉对稻田CH_4和N_2O排放的影响。结果表明,适雨灌溉稻田CH_4、N_2O排放峰值分别出现在分蘖期和拔节孕穗期,整个生育期CH_4、N_2O平均排放通量分别为16.77 mg/(m~2·h)、6.64μg/(m~2·h),适雨灌溉稻田CH_4、N_2O排放量较常规灌溉显著下降(p0.05),分别下降了74.47%和67.06%。水稻适雨灌溉通过合理利用雨水资源,减少灌溉次数及灌水量,显著降低了稻田CH_4和N_2O的排放。     

基于4D-VAR和条件植被温度指数的冬小麦单产估测

条件植被温度指数(VTCI)综合了地表主要参数——归一化植被指数(NDVI)和地表温度(LST),能够较为准确地对干旱进行监测,可为抗旱救灾、作物估产等提供科学依据。为了提高VTCI的区域估产精度,以陕西省关中平原为研究区域,将遥感反演的VTCI与CERES-Wheat小麦生长模型模拟的土壤浅层含水率相结合,通过四维变分(4D-VAR)同化算法实现2008—2014年冬小麦主要生育期旬尺度VTCI的同化。将同化和未同化的VTCI分别运用改进的层次分析法、熵值法及两者组合赋权法建立冬小麦单产估测模型,选择最优估测模型对2011年关中平原各县(区)进行单产估测和精度评价,并分析2008—2014年关中平原冬小麦单产的时空分布特征,结果表明:无论是在单点尺度还是区域尺度,同化的VTCI均能更好地响应外部观测数据,区域VTCI纹理性更好,更符合VTCI的先验知识。与未同化VTCI构建的估测模型相比,应用同化的VTCI所建的估测模型的估测精度明显提高,相关系数达到0.784(P0.001)。应用最优估测模型对2011年关中平原29个县(区)估产结果中,有16个县(区)的估测单产相对误差小于10%,28个县(区)的估测单产相对误差小于15%,总体平均相对误差为8.68%,均方根误差为421.9 kg/hm~2。近年来关中平原的冬小麦单产呈现个别年份波动、总体增长的年际变化规律,且呈现出中部单产最高、西部次之、东部最低的空间分布特征,与实际情况符合。