哈尔滨市儿童公园入口区景观改造探讨

以哈尔滨市儿童公园入口区景观改造设计为例,针对改造前公园入口区景观的不足点,分别对公园大门、出入口、入口区广场等几大部分进行景观改造设计,并对改造后特色进行分析,旨在构建富有北方地域特色的儿童公园新形象。     

延边州农民专业合作社调查研究

采用问卷调查和访谈的方式,对延边州农民专业合作社情况进行调查研究,分析了当前延边州农民专业合作社的性质与制度、业务与模式、政府及其他社会力量对合作社的扶持情况。结果表明,延边州农民专业合作社可持续发展动力不足,农民专业合作社合作模式简单,农民专业合作社扶持方式需要改善。在此基础上提出了促进延边州农民专业合作社发展的相关建议。     

西安市职业农民发展存在问题及对策

针对当前由于农业收益低、农民兼业化日益严重、专职从事农业生产的高素质农民日益减少的问题,为了弄清西安城市化、工业化进程对从事农业生产的农民状况可能发生的影响及解决对策,通过统计调查、抽样调查、专家评估的方法,对西安职业农民的发展现状和制约农民职业化的相关因素进行了调查分析。结果表明,西安市职业农民人数相对较少,职业农民整体文化程度不高,平均年龄偏大。制约职业农民发展的主要因素为：职业农民队伍素质较低,职业农民培育难度大,资金需求多融资难度大,土地流转不规范,合作社规模小等。要发展高素质的职业农民,就要加大对职业农民培养的力度,采取开展职业农民资格认证、加强农业技术培训力度、扶持农民专业合作社、放宽政策支持、给予资金扶持、建立规范有序的土地使用权流转机制等有效措施,从而缓解由于农业从业人员数量和质量的下降对农业生产发展的影响。     

甘肃农业经济可持续发展制约因素与对策

从农业投入与产出、农业结构优化和优势特色农产品加工,总结了甘肃农业经济可持续发展取得的成绩;从农村产业结构调整和发展、农业成果转化和农业效益、财政投入和农业生产条件,分析了甘肃农业经济可持续发展的制约因素.提出了推进甘肃农业经济可持续发展的对策,即加大农业科技开发力度,优化调整种养殖业结构;推动农村二、三产业快速发展,壮大农业产业化经营规模;改革农业科技体制,加快成果转化和应用.     

薏苡种质资源苗期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选

【目的】干旱是影响薏苡生产的重要非生物胁迫因素,鉴定薏苡种质资源的抗旱性,确定抗旱指标,筛选抗旱种质,促进薏苡产业发展。【方法】以50份薏苡种质为材料,设置正常供水和反复干旱2个处理,在旱棚内进行盆栽试验,测定干旱对幼苗存活率、株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、地上部鲜重、地上部干重、根长、根粗、根鲜重和根干重的影响;采用抗旱性度量值(D值)、综合抗旱系数(CDC值)、加权抗旱系数(WDC)、相关分析、频次分析、主成分分析、灰色关联度分析、隶属函数分析、聚类分析和逐步回归分析相结合的方法,对其进行苗期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选。【结果】干旱胁迫对各指标均有极显著影响。相关分析表明,幼苗干旱存活率与茎粗、叶宽和根粗呈极显著正相关,与叶长、地上部鲜重、地上部干重、根长、根鲜重和根干重呈显著正相关,与株高呈不显著的正相关。频次分析表明,各指标对干旱胁迫反应的敏感程度依次为根干重、根鲜重、叶宽、根粗、根长、幼苗干旱存活率、地上部干重、茎粗、地上部鲜重、叶长和株高。主成分分析表明,6个主成分可代表薏苡抗旱性91.40%的原始数据信息量。基于D值、CDC值和WDC值的供试薏苡种质抗旱性排序相近。灰色关联度分析表明,各指标DC值与D值间的关联度大小依次为根干重、叶宽、根鲜重、茎粗、根粗、幼苗干旱存活率、根长、株高、地上部鲜重、地上部干重、叶长,这与各指标DC值与WDC值的密切程度基本吻合。根据D值进行聚类分析,可将供试薏苡种质划分为5个抗旱级别,其中Ⅰ级3份、Ⅱ级17份、Ⅲ级9份、Ⅳ级20份、Ⅴ级1份。除叶长、地上部鲜重、地上部干重和根干重外,其余指标的隶属函数值、CDC值、D值和WDC值均随抗旱级别的升高而增大。逐步回归分析表明,与D值密切相关的指标有幼苗干旱存活率、株高、叶宽、根长和根鲜重。【结论】苗期抗旱性强的薏苡种质yy18-1、yy14-3和yy13-1,可作为薏苡抗旱育种、抗旱机理及干旱调控缓解机制研究材料。幼苗存活率、株高、叶宽、根长和根鲜重可作为评价薏苡种质资源苗期抗旱性的指标性状。     

变叶海棠（Malus toringoides）X陇东海棠（M.kansuensis）研究

对兼性无融合生殖种变叶海棠(3x)和陇东海棠(2x)的杂种实生苗进行了鉴别和矮化效应预测。结果表明,4x 杂种苗占65.2%,3x 母体苗占34.8%。杂种苗的酶谱可分为偏母型、互补型和突变型。互补型酶谱杂种苗的平均根皮率和叶片过氧化物酶活性显著高于偏母型酶谱杂种苗。选出的7株杂种单株,酶谱均属于互补型或突变型,表明陇东海棠的特征酶带20和21与其矮化效应有关。利用过氧化物酶同工酶谱可对该组合杂种苗的矮化效应作初步预测。     

Correlation of Plasma Insulin Concentration with Laminitis Score in a Field Study of Equine Cushing's Disease and Equine Metabolic Syndrome

This study aimed to investigate endocrinologic test values and the response to treatment of two commonly encountered causes of endocrinopathic laminitis, equine Cushing's disease (ECD) and equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), in a veterinary practice setting. In particular, the study aimed to determine whether insulin concentration correlated to the severity of clinical laminitis in horses with EMS or ECD. Twenty-five horses were included in the study and assigned to one of three groups: ECD (n = 6), EMS (n = 10), and controls (n = 9). Blood samples were collected at an initial visit and then at regular intervals for the next 12 months. Plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), cortisol, and insulin and serum concentrations of glucose and total thyroxine (T4) were obtained. Horses with ECD had significantly higher plasma ACTH concentrations than EMS horses or controls. Horses with EMS and ECD both had significantly higher plasma insulin concentrations than control horses, which was correlated with the Obel grade of laminitis (r = 0.63). After treatment, there was a trend for a reduction in plasma ACTH concentration in horses with ECD. A program of diet and exercise for horses with EMS resulted in reductions in both plasma insulin concentrations and bodyweight, which was variable, depending on the individual. There was a significant correlation between the change in plasma insulin concentration and Obel grade of laminitis (r = 0.69). This study has highlighted the importance of baseline plasma insulin concentration as a potential indicator of the susceptibility of horses to laminitis and the response to a program of diet and exercise.     

农户参与农业面源污染防治的调查研究

采用入户调查法评价了农户对农业面源污染的认知程度和支付意愿。调查表明,只有35.5%的农户知道农业面源污染概念,61.8%的农户化肥农药使用和畜禽养殖相关知识来源于农业推广部门,50.0%的农户在政府培训推广减肥增效新技术时可能降低化肥施用量;89.1%的农户愿意参与农业面源污染防治。建议加大对农业面源污染知识的宣传力度,加强基层农技推广体系建设,实施差别化的农业面源污染防治补贴政策。     

苦楝种源间种子发芽变异的观测

对 8 个省份 36个种源的苦楝种子进行场圃发芽试验,观测苦楝种子的发芽率、发芽势并分析其地理变 异规律。 结果表明,发芽率和发芽势在种源间的差异达极显著水平,36 个种源平均发芽率为 59. 5% ,平均发芽势为 40. 3% 。 发芽性状表现较好的种源是江西赣州、于都、遂川,云南麻栗坡和西畴,福建漳平以及广东恩平;表现较差的 是海南、云南勐腊和罗平,贵州兴义以及福建永安等种源。 发芽率、发芽势随采种点由西向东、由南向北逐渐增加,且 发芽时间相对集中。 聚类分析将 36个种源聚为 5类,相同或相邻物候区的种源大多聚为一类。     

China's alfalfa market and imports: Development,trends, and potential impacts of the U.S.–China trade dispute and retaliations

This study examines the development and trends of China's alfalfa market and imports, identifies key factors for the rapid increase in China's alfalfa imports, and discusses potential impacts of the U.S.–China trade dispute and retaliations on the alfalfa markets and trade in both nations. China's rapid transition toward larger-scale commercial dairy production, with enhanced feed and cost management as well as quality and safety control, and its limited resources for high-quality alfalfa production are key factors for the dramatic increase in its alfalfa imports, from 19 601 metric tons in 2008 to 1.38 million metric tons (mmt) in 2018. While the United States dominated China's alfalfa imports with an average share of 97.01% from 2007 to 2017, the share dropped to 83.76% in 2018 and 63.28% in January 2019 due to the trade dispute and retaliations started in 2018. China will likely remain a large importer of alfalfa because of both its growing demand and the comparative advantages of imported alfalfa in quality and price, but the imports from the United States will be highly affected by the ongoing trade dispute and negotiations. China is also expected to make more efforts to reduce its dependence on U.S. alfalfa through increased investment in domestic alfalfa production and identification of alternative sources of alfalfa and other hay imports.