大白菜营养茎长和宽的QTL定位和分析

以大白菜纯系'501'×'601'的F2:3家系为群体,对营养茎长和宽2个性状进行QTL定位和分析.结果表明,2个性状表现为连续分布,符合数量性状的遗传特征,且性状之间无显著差异.在5个连锁群共检测到7个QTL,且均以加性效应为主.控制营养茎长度的3个QTL分别位于A02、A04和A09连锁群,各QTL可解释的表型变异...     

棉花抗黄萎病基因的QTL定位

以高感黄萎病的陆地棉品种"邯郸208"与高抗黄萎病海岛棉品种"Pima90"的136个F2单株为作图群体,构建了一个包括17个连锁群、标记间平均间距18.61cM、全长1842.8cM的陆海种间分子标记遗传连锁图,该图约覆盖棉花基因组的36.8%。单因子方差分析和复合区间作图检测到与黄萎病抗性相关的3个QTL,分别位于第四连锁群和第七连锁群上,分别解释表型变异方差的15.39%、54.11%和57.18%。初步认为海岛棉"Pima90"对陆地棉"邯郸208"的黄萎病抗性由两个主效QTL和一个微效QTL共同控制。     

稻米品质性状与产量性状及籼粳分化度的相互关系研究

通过QTL的连锁关系和性状相关性研究表明,供试的籼粳重组自交系群体的籼粳分化程度与籼、粳稻的直链淀粉含量高低无直接关系,籼粳分化度与胶稠度、碱消值、蛋白质和粗脂肪含量之间呈现显著相关和密切连锁关系;直链淀粉含量的高低不是影响稻米食味品质的关键因素,胶稠度和碱消值是影响稻米食味品质的最重要因素;单株产量越高,     

肉牛分子育种的研究进展

分子生物学的发展,使人们能够从分子水平上探讨肉牛的育种.本文综述了肉牛遗传资源的保护和利用、基因组学和转基因技术的研究现状和进展,着重阐述了肉牛基因图谱的构建和数量性状基因座的检测与利用,同时指出肉牛分子育种的前景和存在问题.     

利用高密度SNP 遗传图谱定位小麦穗部性状基因

小麦穗部性状之间相关性密切, 其中穗粒数和千粒重是重要的产量构成要素, 挖掘与穗部性状相关联的基因位点对分子标记辅助育种及解释基因效应具有重要意义。本研究以RIL群体(山农01-35×藁城9411) 173个F_8:9株系为材料, 利用90 k小麦SNP基因芯片、DArT芯片技术及传统的分子标记技术构建的高密度遗传图谱, 在5个环境下进行穗部相关性状QTL定位。检测到位于1B、4B、5B、6A染色体上7个控制千粒重的加性QTL, 解释表型变异率6.00%~36.30%, 加性效应均来自大粒母本山农01-35; 检测到8个控制穗长的加性QTL, 解释表型变异率14.34%~25.44%; 3个控制穗粒数的加性QTL; 5个控制可育小穗数的加性QTL; 3个控制不育小穗数的加性QTL, 贡献率为8.70%~37.70%; 4个控制总小穗数的加性QTL; 6个控制小穗密度的加性QTL。通过基因型与环境互作分析, 检测到32个加性QTL, 解释表型变异率0.05%~1.05%。在4B染色体区段EX_C101685–RAC875_C27536检测到控制粒重、穗长、穗粒数、可育小穗数、不育小穗数、总小穗数的一因多效QTL,其贡献率为5.40%~37.70%, 该位点在多个环境中被检测到, 是稳定主效QTL。在6A染色体wPt-0959-TaGw2-CAPS区间上检测到控制粒重、总小穗数的QTL。研究结果为穗部性状的分子标记开发、基因精细定位和功能基因克隆奠定了基础。     

小麦茎秆断裂强度相关性状QTL的连锁和关联分析

小麦茎秆断裂强度与倒伏特性关系密切,并对产量有很大影响。本研究旨在解析茎秆断裂强度的遗传机制,开发与该性状紧密连锁/关联的分子标记。利用山农01-35′藁城9411重组自交系(RIL)群体(含173个F8:9株系)和由205个品种(系)构成的自然群体,借助90 k小麦SNP基因芯片、DArT芯片及传统分子标记技术,在2个环境中对两群体的茎秆断裂强度相关性状进行连锁分析和全基因组关联分析。利用已构建的高密度连锁图谱,在4B染色体的TDURUM_CONTIG63670_287–IACX557和EX_C101685–RAC875_C27536等区段上,检测到9个控制小麦茎秆断裂强度、株高、茎秆第2节间充实度、茎秆第2节壁厚相关性状的加性QTL,可解释表型变异9.40%~36.30%。同时,利用包含24 355个SNP位点的复合遗传图谱,在自然群体中检测到37个与茎秆断裂强度相关性状(P0.0001)的标记,分别位于1A、1B、2B、2D、3A、3B、4A、4B、5A、5B、5D、6B、7A、7B和7D染色体,可解释表型变异7.76%~36.36%。在4B染色体上,以连锁分析检测到控制茎秆断裂强度的RAC875_C27536与关联分析检测到的Tdurum_contig4974_355标记,在复合遗传图谱上的距离为6.7 cM,说明该区段存在控制小麦茎秆断裂强度的重要基因。     

Analysis of QTL for Seed Dormancy and Their Response to Dry Heat Treatment in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Quantitative trait loci(QTL)controlling seed dormancy in rice were identified using recombinant inbred lines(RILs)population derived from the cross between a japonica variety Kinmaze and an indica variety DV85. Seeds of two parental cultivars and each RIL were harvested in 35d after heading.. The germination percentage of these seeds at 30℃for 7 days were measured as the degree of seed dormancy.. QTL analysis was performed with Windows QTL Cartographer 1.13a program by composite interval mapping.. A total of four QTL for seed dormancy were detected on chromosome 2(two regions),5 and 11,respectively.Phenotypic variation explained by each QTL ranged from 8.37 to 17.40%.. Responses of such loci to a dormancy-breaking treatment with dry heat were further detected. The results showed that two alleles of qDOR-2-1 and qDOR-5 from DV85 as well as the allele of qDOR11 from Kinmaze increased the seed dormancy,which seemed to be easily broken by dry heat treatment. Such loci of seed dormancy may be applied to rice genetic improvement.The allele of qDOR-2-2 from DV85 increased the seed dormancy,which could not be broken by dry heat treatment.     

小麦穗长性状基因的发掘与标记开发

【目的】挖掘与利用小麦穗长控制基因,开发与之紧密连锁的KASP标记,为小麦分子标记辅助育种奠定分子基础。【方法】以Avocet为母本、Chilero为父本,构建含有164个家系的F₆ RIL群体,利用55K SNP芯片,结合5个穗长表型环境（2019年河南省孟津县、2019年河南科技大学农场、2019年河南省洛宁县、2020年河南省孟津县、2020年河南科技大学农场）及各环境穗长均值进行数量性状位点(quantitative trait locus,QTL)定位,对定位到的主效QTL开发KASP标记,并在130份小麦自然群体中进行验证。【结果】共定位到11个控制穗长性状的QTL位点,有7个主效QTL,分别为QSl.haust-2AL、QSl.haust-2DS、QSl.haust-5AL1、QSl.haust-5DL、QSl.haust-7BL、QSl.haust-2AS和QSl.haust-4DL,表型贡献率为4.22%~30.94%,其中QSl.haust-5AL1在3个环境中表现稳定且为主效QTL,其表型贡献率为4.22%~19.10%;另有4个微效QTL位点,分别为QSl.haust-2BL、QSl.haust-3AL、QSl.haust-3DS和QSl.haust-5AL2,表型贡献率为4.70%~7.55%。依据控制穗长的主效QTL位点QSl.haust-5AL1和QSl.haust-7BL的侧翼标记,开发了相应的KASP分子标记KASP-QSl.haust-5AL1和KASP-QSl.haust-7BL1,在130份小麦自然群体中检测验证,其中KASP-QSl.haust-5AL1标记筛选出的2种基因型,穗长分别为10.93和10.17 cm,经t检验,P值为0.045,差异显著;KASP-QSl.haust-7BL1标记筛选出的2种基因型,穗长分别为10.90和10.26 cm,经t检验,P值为0.048,差异显著。【结论】挖掘的控制小麦穗长的主效QTL和开发的KASP分子标记,可以用于该性状的基因克隆与分子标记辅助育种。     

动物生长发育中主基因的QTL定位法

将系统学研究动物生长发育的方法和控制数量性状主基因在遗传标记图谱上的定位相结合,提出了动物生长发育过程中任一时刻的数量性状基因座位的定位方法（ＱＴＬ）。并对控制数量性状的主基因表达的时序,传统的基因遗传参数的估计,以及系统分析在分子遗传中的应用前景进行了讨论。     

A genetic linkage map in southern‐by‐spring oat identifies multiple quantitative trait loci for adaptation and rust resistance

We developed 178 recombinant inbred lines from a southern‐by‐spring oat population designated as “TxH.” These lines were genotyped to generate a high‐quality linkage map that resolved 6,902 markers into 21 linkage groups that matched closely with the latest hexaploid oat consensus map. Three major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting heading date were found in locations that are consistent with known QTLs and candidate genes, and two other QTLs affecting heading date were found in novel locations. Five QTLs affecting plant height were found. Both sets of QTLs are responsible for transgressive segregation observed for these two traits. Four QTLs affecting resistance to crown rust, caused by the pathogen Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, were identified. Two of these QTLs are consistent with known clusters of rust resistance genes, while two may represent new locations of novel rust resistance genes. A complete set of SNP sequences suitable for generating markers for molecular selection is provided.