模拟干旱胁迫下几种冷季型草坪草抗旱性比较研究

研究了3种冷季型草坪草的6个品种在PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫条件下的生长表现和生理指标。结果表明:高羊茅品种“家园”在干旱胁迫条件下具有较好的生长表现、在土壤中的根系分布最深、且能维持较高过氧化氢酶活性,与其他供试品种相比具有较强的抗旱能力。     

中药"乳源康"药理作用研究

为了对“乳源康”的毒理药理学进行研究,进行4种试验——急性毒性试验、抗菌试验、局部刺激试验、抗炎试验。结果表明,①“乳源康”的小鼠口服LD50为36．80g／kg体重,腹腔注射LD50为13．85g／kg体重;②“乳源康”对乳房炎致病菌金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌等有较强的抑制作用;③无明显刺激作用;④“乳源康”注射液与氢化可的松的消炎效果相同。“乳源康”治疗奶牛乳房炎具有高效、安全、低毒、使用方便、无化学药物和抗生素残留的优点,临床应用对治疗奶牛乳房炎、解决乳制品中的抗生素类药物残留以及病原微生物的耐药性问题具有重要意义。     

拮抗细菌对香蕉枯萎病菌的离体抑菌活性研究

通过平板对峙培养,筛选出对香蕉枯萎病菌有拮抗作用的细菌6株：B05、B23、B44、B105、B133和B146,测定其抑菌带宽度达10～15mm。拮抗细菌的发酵液对病菌菌丝生长的抑制率为83．71％～88．76％,而经高温灭活的发酵液对病菌菌丝生长的抑制率为16．85％～33．48％;拮抗菌的非挥发性代谢产物对病菌菌丝生长的抑制率为74．72％～87．36％;挥发性代谢产物对病菌菌丝生长的抑制率为15．30％～37．64％。拮抗细菌发酵液在一定浓度范围内均能有效地抑制病菌孢子萌发,且浓度越高,抑制能力越强。拮抗菌株B05抑菌作用最稳定、抑菌活性最高,菌株B44抑制孢子萌发效果最好。     

光周期对点带石斑鱼幼鱼生长及肝脏溶菌酶活性的影响

[目的]研究不同光周期对点带石斑鱼幼鱼生长、摄食及肝脏溶菌酶活性的影响。[方法]试验设计持续光照组、对照组、持续黑暗组,每组3个平行,计算生长率,测定肝脏溶菌酶活性,并作比较。[结果]持续光照组与其他2组相比,相对增重率与溶菌酶活性均最高,相对增重率为对照组的107.3%,溶菌酶活性为对照组的103.4%;对照组与持续光照组差异不显著;持续黑暗组显著低于对照组。[结论]点带石斑鱼幼鱼的生长、免疫及行为与光周期有紧密联系。     

卷柏乙醇提取物对14种植物病原菌的抑制活性

采用牛津杯法及琼脂打孔法测定卷柏(Selaginella tamariscina)乙醇提取物对4种植物病原细菌[柑橘溃疡病菌(Xanthomonas carotovora pv.citri、姜瘟病菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)、水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae)、大白菜软腐病菌(Erwinia carotovora pv.carotovora)]的抗菌活性.结果表明,在浓度为1 mg/mL时,卷柏乙醇提取物对4种供试细菌具有较好的抑制活性,抑菌圈直径13.6～15.3mm,对姜瘟病菌和水稻白叶枯病菌的最低抑菌浓度为125 μg/mL.采用生长速率法测定提取物对10种植物病原真菌[香蕉酸腐病菌(Geotrichum candidum Link ex Pers)、苹果轮纹病菌(Physalospora nasei)、油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)、小麦赤霉病菌(Fusarium graminearum)、苹果腐烂病菌(Valsa mli)、玉米小斑病菌(Helninthosporiun maydwas)、葡萄黑痘病菌(Sphaceloma ampelinum)、苹果斑点落叶病菌(Alternarial ternate f.sp.mali)、棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum)、番茄棉腐病菌(Pythium ultimum)]的抑制作用,发现除对苹果轮纹病菌的抑制效果较好外(抑制率为56.3％),对其余供试菌的抑制率均低于50％.     

不同苜蓿种质材料对茎点霉叶斑病的抗性评价

为了明确不同苜蓿材料（Medicago Sativa）对茎点霉叶斑病的抗性,对来自国内外的30份苜蓿材料进行了苗期抗病性评价,采用紫外分光光度计比色法,对不同抗感病材料体内的苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性变化进行了研究。结果表明：不同苜蓿材料对茎点霉叶斑病的抗病性存在显著差异,各材料间病情指数（4.28~51.65）变化较大,其中抗病性最强的是来自内蒙的‘敖汉苜蓿’,感病性最强的是来自陕西的‘陕西苜蓿’,中抗材料有10份。接菌前,各材料间CAT,SOD活性差异显著（P<0.05）,而PAL活性差异不显著;接菌后,3种酶活性均比接菌前有所升高,CAT和PAL呈先增后减的趋势,SOD活性呈依次递减趋势;同一材料在接菌后第4,8,12天3种酶活性也表现显著性差异（P<0.05）。     

双峰驼精清诱导排卵活性成分的DEAE—纤维素柱层析分离及其生物活性

选用DEAE－纤维素离子交换柱对双峰驼精清进行分离，各层析组分用于大鼠垂体组织体外培养，并给母驼肌注有活性的组分，以RIA法测定垂体组织培养液和母驼血浆中LH及FSH的浓度。结果表明，驼精清经DEAE－纤维素柱分离后可得到5个蛋白组分（L1－L5），其中L3在大鼠垂体培养时引起LH释放明显增加（P＜0．05），FSH则无明显变化。给卵巢上无大卵泡发育的母驼肌注有活性的组分L3，可引起血浆中LH明显升高，FSH也无变化。由此表明，L3在体内外试验中均具有引起LH释放的生物活性，它可能是诱导排卵的活性因子或其成分之一。     

转Bt-cry1Ab玉米花粉对意大利蜜蜂生长发育及体内酶活性的影响

自10年前首次种植转基因植物以来,转基因作物已在全球得到大面积推广。这些转基因作物中绝大多数品种具有抗虫基因能够增强作物对靶标昆虫的抗性。同时转抗虫基因植物可能带来的生态安全和环境问题也引起了国际社会广泛的关注。鉴于此,本实验开展了转Bt-cry1Ab基因抗虫玉米花粉     

In vitro effect of levamisole on the cell viability,phagocytosis and respiratory burst of Barbel chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus) macrophages

The present study was to determine in vitro effect of levamisole on the immune functions of Barbel chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus), head–kidney‐derived (HKM), spleen‐derived (SM) and peripheral blood monocyte‐derived macrophage (PBM). Macrophages were incubated with levamisole 10³, 10¹, 10⁻¹ and 10⁻³ ng mL⁻¹ to assay the cell viability, respiratory burst and phagocytosis. The results showed that macrophages treated with levamisole 10⁻³ ng mL⁻¹ gave a maximum respiratory burst response, whereas levamisole 10³ ng mL⁻¹ had no effect. Phagocytosis activity of the macrophages treated with levamisole enhanced significantly when compared to control, maximum response being at 10⁻³ ng mL⁻¹. While using the methylthiazoletetrazolium method to measure the cell activity for 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 h, there was no significant role on proliferation and the cell viability began to decline after 24 h. In conclusion, levamisole is a potent enhancer of Barbel chub macrophage activity with low concentration.     

Effect of Fermented Corn Stalks on Growth Performance and the Growth Promotion Mechanism in Otter Rabbit

This experiment was conducted to research the growth promoting effects of fermented corn stalks with compound bacteria on otter rabbit. The daily feed of otter rabbit was based on fermented corn stalks (roughage ration composed mostly of fermented corn stalks). The growth performance, intestinal tract bacteria and the digestive enzyme activities of otter rabbit were studied. A total of 150 health otter rabbits, 9 weeks old, weighted about (1.90±0.14) kg, were allotted to 2 groups (control group and experimental group) for 10 days preliminary trial period and 30 days trial period. The results were as follows:Compared with control group, the average daily gain (ADG) increased by 14.60% (P<0.05) and F/G decreased by 10.50% (P<0.05) of the experimental group; In intestinal tract of otter rabbit, the number of E.coli were reduced by 46.13% (P<0.01), the number of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria and Bacillus increased by 30.64% (P<0.05), 29.27% (P>0.05) and 39.23% (P<0.01),respectively; The activities of protease, amylase, cellulose enzyme and glucanase were increased by 23.20%(P<0.05), 32.96% (P<0.05), 12.63% (P<0.01) and 21.09% (P<0.05), respectively. In conclusion, the fermented corn stalks could promote the growth and improve the intestinal tract ecological environment of the otter rabbit. The results established the theoretical foundation for fermented corn stalks feeding on otter rabbit.