Outdoor phytoplankton continuous culture in a marine fish–phytoplankton–bivalve integrated system: combined effects of dilution rate and ambient conditions on growth rate, biomass and nutrient cycling

Natural phytoplankton populations were cultured in outdoor continuous cultures using fish-farm effluents as the source of nutrients. The dilution rate was assumed to be the integrating factor of phytoplankton growth and biomass development (flux and stock). In this context, the combined effects of (i) dilution rates of the outdoor culture and (ii) ambient conditions were tested on phytoplankton growth, biomass and cycling of the major nutrient elements (C, N and P). Experiments were carried out in outdoor polyester tanks (0.7 m deep), homogenised by gentle aeration. Si/P ratio was balanced at around 5 in the inflow in order to induce diatom domination while maintaining high N and P assimilation by phytoplankton. Nutrient cycling was assessed through analyses of the different forms of particulate and dissolved nutrients in the inflow and the outflow. Culture dilution rates determined the longevity of the culture and the assimilation efficiency of nutrients. Dissolved phosphorus was the most limiting nutrient. The optimal dilution rate was approximately 0.5 day⁻¹ at 10 °C and 1.5 day⁻¹ at 20 °C with a mean diatom biomass of 9 μM P. Under these conditions, 80% of the dissolved nutrients provided to the tanks were transformed, a production of 8 g C m⁻² day⁻¹ and an assimilation rate of 0.3 g P m⁻² day⁻¹ were recorded. Assimilation by diatoms was the major pathway of nutrient cycling. During the experiment, a bottom sediment developed progressively and this also played an important role in denitrifying the excess dissolved nitrogen in the fish-farm effluent. However, the results showed that diatom biomass can collapse and we hypothesize that this was the consequence of an increase in cellular sinking rates due to cell aggregation under nutrient or light stress. Modelling approaches are needed in future research in order to determine optimal dilution rates taking into account phytoplankton growth rates, nutrient inputs and ambient conditions (e.g. light and temperature).     

经济转型升级背景下福建省海洋文化产业发展研究

福建省是海洋大省,拥有发展海洋经济得天独厚的坚实基础,发展海洋经济将成为福建省实现跨越式发展的重要转型方向。福建省海洋经济的发展为福建省发展海洋文化产业奠定了良好的基础,福建省海洋文化资源丰富,底蕴深厚,未来海洋文化产业必将占有重要地位,并发挥重要作用。该文从福建经济转型升级与海洋文化产业发展的互动机制入手,分析福建省海洋文化产业发展的制约因素,提出福建省发展海洋文化产业的模式及战略举措。     

油菜素内酯对香蕉不定芽增殖的影响

以香蕉不定芽为材料,MS+6-BA 4.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.2 mg·L-1为基本培养基,采用单因素试验设计方法,研究油菜素内酯对香蕉不定芽增殖及酶活性变化的影响。结果表明,随着香蕉不定芽的形成,不加油菜素内酯,SOD活性逐渐下降,然后急剧上升;POD活性先上升,然后不断下降。油菜素内酯处理下SOD活性总体呈下降-上升-下降的变化规律,POD活性呈下降-上升-下降的规律。培养基中加入0.3 mg·L-1油菜素内酯的香蕉不定芽中的可溶性糖(3.73 mg·g-1)、脯氨酸含量(67.10μg·g-1)和株高(5.00 cm)都显著高于其他处理。     

盐碱地渗水调配养殖南美白对虾技术

本文介绍了利用黄河三角洲地区丰富、闲置的重盐碱地,经过合理调配水质,在反复试验的基础上设计出一套合理的健康养殖技术方案,实施了大面积南美白对虾盐碱地健康养殖。尤其是通过在用盐碱地渗出的咸水与淡水混合调配成的,盐度为5～20的养殖用水中,添加一定浓度的钾离子,有效提高了虾苗的成活率。     

对虾白斑病围栏封闭预防技术

“对虾白斑病的围栏封闭预防技术”是一项针对沿海低位池塘、以切断传染病源为主旨、以设置防蟹围栏为特色的对虾白斑病综合预防技术。其主要措施为：首先在贮水(兼水处理)池和养殖池周围设置防蟹围栏，将该等池塘封闭起来，使杂蟹不会从陆地侵入池内；然后通过60目滤网进水，并用敌百虫或敌杀死处理上述两种池塘，杀灭以蟹类为主的一切甲壳动物；解毒后，放养经检测不带白斑症病毒的虾苗；采取封闭式养殖，养殖期中只向养殖池加水以补充渗漏和蒸发的水损失；加水时，先将海水在贮水池中用药物处理，杀灭其中的传染该病的媒介生物(主要是桡足类)，药物解毒后再注入养殖池。此外，作为辅助措施，在养殖期中从多方面尽量保证虾池中有一个良好的生态环境。该技术已经过预备研究、实验研究和扩大试验等阶段，均证明效果良好。已扩大试验了近33．33hm^2(其中实际养虾池约17．33hm^2)，成功率达96％左右。     

外荡网箱养鳗试验

鳗鲡(Ahguilla japonica Temm.et Schl.)又名河鳗、白鳝，属淡水鱼珍品。国际市场畅销，为我国水产创汇的拳头产品．我国台湾50年代初建场养鳗，现可年产商品鳗约3．5万吨。大陆自1972年发展成鳗养殖，目前年产5千吨以上．绝大多数为露天或温室池塘。网箱养鳗始于1987年，是浙江针对本地气温偏低，又映地热、工厂余热，但有众多的水库和外荡，因一种紧迫感创造出来的新技术外荡网箱养鳗．嘉兴历来以出口鳗苗为主。本地却有1．8万公顷外荡可供利用．因为网箱养鳗在外荡比水库有更多技术难题，故有“外荡网箱养鳗不可行”之说，为此，从事研究适于外荡网箱养鳗的整套的技术。历时三年，于1990年完成．由于试验从观察外荡生态变化及河鳗生活入手，因势利导试用某些新技术和配套混养，充分利用与发挥生态效益，最终才有较好的技术经济效益。     

南美白对虾绿色养殖试验报告

本文报告了在不使用任何药物的基础上,采用环保型的“福寿牌”饲料、生物过滤池,有益微生物EM和PsB及科学的日常管理,南美白对虾经过75d的养殖,平均体长达10．3cm,平均体重达10．2G,每平方米水面平均产量0．668kg,饲料系数为0．9,投入产出比为1．253。     

Nubbing of Coral Colonies: A Novel Approach for the Development of Inland Broodstocks

The establishment of large numbers of ramets from any individual coral genet can be used as a valuable source of material for the trade in ornamental marine organisms and in physiological and ecotoxicological studies. Here we discuss the rationale and the applicability of rearing ex situ large numbers of nubbins (minute fragments, down to the size of a single polyp). Nubbins taken from colonies of the branching Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata show high survivorship under ex situ conditions and fast growth rates (5- to 6-fold increase in polyp numbers within 3 months) of the basal plates which revealed a significant correlation between tissue surface area and polyp numbers. Nubbins from branch tips and mid branches grew at a similar rate, but growth was affected by different light regimens. This approach requires further experimentation to elucidate optimal conditions.     

The effect of stocking density of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis on rice and crab seed yields in rice-crab culture systems

Normally Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis were cultured for 2 years, 1 year is cultured from crab larvae to seeds or button sized crab in ponds, tanks or rice fields, the another year is cultured from seeds to market size in ponds, reservoirs or other waters. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of stocking density (0, 3.75, 15, 30 and 60 inds. per m², respectively) of Chinese mitten crab larvae on rice and crab seed yields in rice-crab culture systems using land-based enclosures (4 m × 7 m, with three replicates for each stocking density) at the Panjin Guanghe Fisheries Co. Ltd, in the Liaohe Delta, China. Zoobenthos biomass, production of crab and rice paddy, and economical profit among the treatments were determined. The experiment showed that zoobenthos biomass in rice-crab culture systems was relatively variant and not significantly correlated to these stocking density. The biomass of aquatic plant declined significantly with increasing stocking density. Specific growth rates (SGR) and survival rates of the crab were significantly higher at the lower stocking density (P < 0.05); in addition, the ratio of precocious crab and total crab significantly increased with the stocking density increasing (P < 0.05); There were not significant effect of presence of crab on yields of rice straw and rice paddy (P > 0.05). Net crab yield and net profit were the highest at the 15 treatment (P < 0.05), however, the net profits among 3.75, 15 and 30 treatments did not show significant difference (P > 0.05) economically. Based on the observations above, a stocking density of 3.75 to 30 inds. per m² was considered reasonable in rice-crab culture system.     

Metallothionein induction in cultured fibroblasts and liver of a marine flatfish,the turbot,Scophthalmus maximus

Intraperitoneal injection of turbot with Cd induced the synthesis of a low molecular weight hepatic Cd-binding protein and a 500bp mRNA, which hybridised to a plaice metallothionein (MT) cRNA probe. The Cd-binding protein displayed cross-reactivity in a competitive ELISA with antiserum raised against rainbow trout MT and had the characteristic amino acid composition, metal stoichiometry and spectral characteristics of a Class I MT. Only one isoform was apparent on ion exchange chromatography. Southern blot analysis of DNA cleaved with four restriction enzymes suggested that only a single MT gene is present in turbot.In an established turbot fibroblast cell line, Cd induced MT mRNA and MT levels in a dose and time-dependent manner. MT was also induced by Cu, Hg and Zn but not Pb exposure. Physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids and sex hormones did not induce MT synthesis, although at high concentrations a positive response to corticosterone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone or progesterone was observedin vitro indicating the possible presence of a functional steroid regulatory element in the fish MT gene.Abbreviations used AMP adenosine monophosphate - CHSE chinook salmon embryo - DMSO dimethyl sulphoxide - HPLC high performance liquid chromatography - KB kenacid blue - MT metallothionein - Mr molecular weight (kDaltons) - NR neutral red - PEG polyethylene glycol - RTH rainbow trout hepatoma - SDS sodium dodecyl sulphate - SSC 0.15M NaCl, 0.015M sodium citrate - TF turbot fibroblast