食用菌发酵的应用研究进展

综述了近年来有关食用菌发酵的应用研究概况,展望了我国食用菌发酵的应用前景。     

食用植物油掺杂鉴定方法综述

阐述了在食用植物油中掺入非食用植物油的种类、危害性及检测方法,综述了在食用植物油中掺入其他食用植物油的各种检测方法,例如理化法、光度法、色谱法。     

蕉芋优质高产栽培技术

蕉芋的市场发展前景广阔。该文从品种选择、土壤选择、耕翻整地、幼苗繁殖、适时定植、田间管理、水分管理、病虫害防治、采收与加工等方面介绍蕉芋的优质高产栽培技术。     

浇水频率对向日葵黄萎病严重度和向日葵产量的影响

本试验通过对接种黄萎病的地块进行不同浇水次数的处理来调查分析浇水次数对向日葵黄萎病发生程度及产量的影响.结果表明随着浇水次数的增多,向日葵黄萎病的发病严重度也随之增加,且向日葵的产量呈现降低的趋势.在接种的地块中浇水1次的病情病指由29.0递增到浇水3次51.5;产量则由浇水1次的4690.95kg/公顷降低至浇水3次的3815.55kg/公顷.     

安徽省食用菌产业现状·问题及对策

分析了安徽省食用菌产业的发展现状及存在的主要问题,提出了安徽省食用菌产业的发展对策:加强菌种管理,提高制种技术;开发栽培新材料,扶持产业化龙头企业,推动食用菌产业化进程;建立食用菌生产安全体系,加强执法,提高其品质和安全性;合理开发利用野生食用菌资源,大力发展食用菌产品深加工。     

河豚的食用安全性及营养价值研究进展

阐述了河豚食用安全性,以及国内外对河豚鱼肉、肝脏和精巢营养价值的研究现状,以期为养殖低毒或无毒的河豚、科学地利用河豚资源及开放河豚市场提供参考。     

基于食用价值开发的桑树优势品种筛选

为科学评价我国桑树品种资源的食用价值,指导桑叶、桑椹的食用新产品开发,在对我国具有代表性的100份桑树品种资源的桑叶和桑椹进行营养品质、功能活性成分和加工特性鉴评的基础上,运用模糊数学中的隶属函数法对与桑叶蔬菜、桑叶茶和桑果汁(酒)的营养品质相关的各项指标数据进行转化,综合评价各品种的食用价值,筛选出一批食用优势品种。其中,最适合桑叶茶制作的10个桑树品种是粤诱35、粤诱19、任抗1号、粤诱33、抗10、粤诱18、鄂诱1、69、抗11、北-4-1,最适合桑叶蔬菜开发的10个桑树品种是粤诱35、任抗1号、英沙3、抗锈3号、坪镇2、粤诱19、抗10、粤诱25、抗11、白沙2,最适合果汁(酒)加工的10个桑树品种是粤椹15号(大10,无籽)、粤椹2号、粤椹18号、粤椹29号、粤椹27号、粤椹26号、粤椹33号、粤椹16号、粤椹66号、粤椹38号。目前种植面积较大的具有食用开发价值的桑树品种有适合果汁(酒)开发的品种大10,适合开发桑叶茶和桑叶蔬菜的品种抗10。另还确定了一批具有食用开发价值的优势储备桑树种质资源,可作为以食用价值开发为导向的桑树新品种选育的基础材料。     

采收时间对油葵种子质量及品质的影响

为明确不同采收期对油葵种子质量和品质的影响,本研究以67×早R、36×早R和早熟矮大头3个油葵材料为研究对象,于开花后30、35、42、47 d收获种子,对相同条件下晾干的种子进行活力相关指标和品质指标测定.结果表明,67×早R和早熟矮大头在开花后42 d收获的种子,活力较高;36×早R以开花后47 d收获的种子,活力...     

不同盐分条件下油葵光合日变化特征研究

采用LI-6400型光合仪测定新疆产康地115号油料向日葵在不同盐溃化土壤现蕾期的光合速率日变化及其影响因子。结果表明,3种不同盐分处理其净光合速率日变化曲线均为单峰曲线。0．29％、0．39％盐分含量处理的Pn峰值在上午10：00,而0．68％盐分含量处理在中午12：00。随着盐分胁迫的增加,其光合速率总体呈现下降趋势。相关及路径分析结果表明,光强并不是Pn的主要限制因素,轻度盐分处理Pn的下降受气孔因素的影响,中度盐分处理Pn的下降则是气孔因素、气孔与非气孔因素协同作用的结果,重度盐分处理Pn的下降主要是受非气孔因素和气孔与非气孔因素协同作用的影响。     

Hydraulic Resistance of Sorghum (C4) and Sunflower (C3)

Summary

It is well known that C4 crops have a lower water requirement than C3 crops. Reasons for the difference are not well understood. Therefore, hydraulic resistance of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (C4) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (C3) was determined to see if it might be one explanation for the lower water use of crops with the C4 photosynthetic pathway. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in pots with soil, which was well watered (soil matric potential of ～0 MPa) or allowed to dry (soil matric potential of ?0.038 MPa and ?0.065 MPa for sorghum and sunflower, respectively). Hydraulic resistance was calculated in two ways: (1) using the classic Ohm's law analogue, which assumes that the relation between flux (transpiration) and difference in water potentials of the soil and plant is linear and (2) using an equation that considers diurnal changes in leaf water content along with transpiration and difference in water potentials. Because change in leaf-water content during a day was small, hydraulic resistances calculated by the two methods resulted in similar values. Sorghum had a linear relationship between flux and difference in potentials (constant hydraulic resistance), but sunflower had a nonlinear one (variable hydraulic resistance). The hydraulic resistance of watered sunflower increased only slightly during a day and averaged about 40 MPa m² s mol^?1, which was 3.5 times less than that of watered or water-stressed sorghum (-140 MPa m² s mol^?1). The hydraulic resistance of water-stressed sunflower increased steeply during a day and by the end of the day it had a hydraulic resistance that approached that of sorghum.