扁穗牛鞭草的抗性与利用途径

扁穗牛鞭草是一种优良的草种,不仅具有高产优质牧草的特性,而且对逆境表现出很强的耐性或抗性。在分析其抗旱、抗寒性和耐盐、耐酸、耐金属污染性,以及侵占性、独居性、再生性等特性的基础上,分析了牛鞭草在畜牧业生产、生态治理、污染环境修复等领域的利用潜力。     

Cities vs countryside: An example of a science-based peri-urban landscape features rehabilitation in Milan (Italy)

Urban-rural boundaries are often abrupt and unmitigated, a trait that significantly enhances their ecological vulnerability. Nonetheless, such fringe systems enclose a high potential in furnishing buffering and resilience functions and services towards the city. Our study intends to give a contribution on the understanding of the ecological behaviour of peri-urban landscape features (PLFs) systems, showing how floristic-vegetational and landscape ecology studies can inform their multi-functional phytocoenoses ecological reconfiguring. Analyses were led among a fringe context of Milan city. An agri-environmental extra-local scale analysis framed the forthcoming finer scale results. Landscape mosaic structural and functional main traits were interpreted, outlining a current impairment of the landscape system capacity to support ecological functions across the area. In parallel, floristic traits were studied through chorological, life forms and Ellenberg’s ecogram analysis (total flora and single sub-areas values). The main phytocoenoses types were qualitatively described and related to the dynamic patterns of reference vegetation series. Results highlighted a significant deterioration of floristic-vegetational traits, if compared to the local potential. Recurrent anthropic disturbances, open space conditions were identified as the major impact factor on phytoconoeses evolution towards higher diversity, complexity and stability traits. Spontaneous recolonization processes were acknowledged as currently unable to change these trends, while past reforestation interventions showed positive effects. These results informed the building of a functional-dynamic interpretative approach, focused on the ecological roles and physical habitat conditions currently influencing phytocoenoses dynamics, and on which to intervene. Accordingly, the current and potential ecological functions of 9 key PLFs categories were inspected. Consequently, design criterions for corrective interventions were outlined. This brought to the identification of the optimal structural and functional patterns of PLFs to be integrated throughout the urban-rural boundary, as well as their floristic-vegetational design specificities, by pursuing a rebalancing effect on the peri-urban agroecosystem inner complexity and environmental stability parameters.     

A qualitative risk-based assessment of impacts on marine habitats and harvested species for a data deficient wild capture fishery

Fisheries management in most areas of the world is concerned with the effects of resource exploitation on the broad marine environment that includes all major ecological components. However, all fisheries lack some information about many of these components particularly marine habitats and non-target species. Such data deficiencies make it difficult to identify priorities for management action. Qualitative ecological risk assessment is one tool that can be used by management to prioritise and evaluate management strategies. This paper demonstrates the mechanics of a qualitative ecological risk assessment applied to a currently operating data deficient commercial fishery. In particular, we demonstrate how the method applies to two distinct ecological components – marine habitats and harvested species – and shows how it contributed to the formation of management responses. The method combines biological and ecological information about each component with knowledge on the operations of the fishery. Using pre-defined decision rules and criteria the available information is used in a rigorous, transparent and repeatable manner. The paper demonstrates that the method can be used generally to apply to all ecological components of a marine fishery where data is deficient.     

论东源县生态公益林的建设

文章阐明了建设生态公益林的重要性和必要性,论述了东源县生态公益林建设现状,指出目前生态林建设中存在的问题,并就如何建设生态公益林提出建议。     

基于AHP的晋中潇河湿地公园植物景观评价

为提高晋中市潇河湿地公园植物景观效果,采用实地调查和AHP法,分别从生态效益、景观效益和服务功能3个方面选取10个代表性评价因子,对植物景观进行评价并分级。在潇河湿地公园植物景观评价体系中,生态效益权重最大,为0.633 2,其次为景观效益,权重为0.239 5,服务功能的权重为0.137 3。根据综合评价结果,在四种不同的配置模式下,乔灌草植物景观被归为Ⅰ级,而乔草、乔灌、灌草植物景观则被归为Ⅱ级。通过对植物资源调查和对植物景观进行评价,研究将为湿地公园景观营建、植物空间塑造和生态环境改善提供科学依据。     

大通县工业化、城镇化进程与生态环境建设协同发展存在问题与建设对策

本文就青海省大通县在工业化、城镇化进程中与生态环境协同发展存在问题进行了阐述并提出了建设对策。     

乐都县林业生态建设对森林资源的影响及分析

本文通过对乐都县林业生态建设和森林资源的调查,分析1990年至2005年间森林资源动态变化的原因.     

以纽约为案例的城市化对落叶阔叶林死地被层重金属含量的影响

本文用长 1 4 0km、宽 2 0km的生态样带研究纽约市“市区 -郊区 -农区”落叶阔叶林死地被层中重金属变化格局 ,从而分析城市化和人类活动对森林地被层的污染关系。DCA结果表明 ,重金属总量城区明显高于效区 ,郊区则明显高于农区。重金属含量与距市中心的距离、城市土地利用率、人口密度、机动车密度、公路密度都有非常显著的相关关系。大气污染是森林地被层中重金属的主要来源。     

冀北地区桑牧粮间作防风固沙生态模式探析

通过对河北省张家口、承德地区生态环境特点及梯田坝坡种植条桑优点的研究,提出将条桑在张家口、承德地区推广,与牧草、粮等作物间作,形成适宜河北北方的防风固沙高效生态模式。     

自然保护区生态旅游总体规划理念的探讨

自然保护区生态旅游总体规划是在自然保护区总体规划基础上的专项规划。论述了自然保护区开展生态旅游的基本特征、自然保护区旅游总体规划应遵循的原则,探讨了规划的理论依据,提出了规划应注意的问题。