番茄新品种潍科粉3 号的选育

潍科粉3 号是以H10A 为母本,以J10211 为父本杂交选育而成的粉果番茄一代杂种。早熟,由定植到第1 穗果成
熟需75 d（天）左右,植株长势强,无限生长类型,连续坐果能力强,始花节位在第6～7 节;果实略高圆形,着色均匀,
亮粉色,果实味浓爽口,风味佳,VC 含量高达256 mg·kg-1;硬度高,萼片平展,商品性好,单果质量230～250 g,每
667 m² 产量13 000 kg 以上;对番茄黄化曲叶病毒、疫病、叶霉病的抗性较对照梦之粉强。适于温室和大棚早春、秋延后及
越冬栽培。     

Changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during experimental Escherichia coli mastitis for primiparous Holstein dairy cows during early lactation

Background

The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during IMI challenge with Escherichia coli (E. coli) for dairy cows during early lactation. Thirty, healthy primiparous Holstein cows were infused (h = 0) with ~20-40 cfu of live E. coli into one front mammary quarter at ~4-6 wk in lactation. Daily feed intake and milk yield were recorded. At –12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156, 168, 180 and 192 h relative to challenge rectal temperatures were recorded and quarter foremilk was collected for analysis of shedding of E. coli. Composite milk samples were collected at -180, -132, -84, -36, -12, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 132 and 180 h relative to challenge (h = 0) and analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), somatic cell count, fat, protein, lactose, citrate, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), free glucose (fglu), and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). Blood was collected at -12, 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 60, 72, 84, 132 and 180 h relative to challenge and analyzed for plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), BHBA and glucose concentration. A generalized linear mixed model was used to determine the effect of IMI challenge on metabolic responses of cows during early lactation.

Results

By 12 h, E. coli was recovered from challenged quarters and shedding continued through 72 h. Rectal temperature peaked by 12 h post-challenge and returned to pre-challenge values by 36 h post-IMI challenge. Daily feed intake and milk yield decreased (P <0.05) by 1 and 2 d, respectively, after mastitis challenge. Plasma BHBA decreased (12 h; P <0.05) from 0.96 ± 1.1 at 0 h to 0.57 ± 0.64 mmol/L by 18 h whereas concentration of plasma NEFA (18 h) and glucose (24 h) were significantly greater, 11 and 27%, respectively, after challenge. In milk, fglu, lactose, citrate, fat and protein yield were lower whereas yield of BHBA and G6P were higher after challenge when compared to pre-challenge values.

Conclusions

Changes in metabolites in blood and milk were most likely associated with drops in feed intake and milk yield. However, the early rise in plasma NEFA may also signify enhanced adipose tissue lipolysis. Lower concentrations of plasma BHBA may be attributed to an increase transfer into milk after IMI. Decreases in both milk lactose yield and % after challenge may be partly attributed to reduced conversion of fglu to lactose. Rises in G6P yield and concentration in milk after challenge (24 h) may signify increased conversion of fglu to G6P. Results identify changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk after IMI challenge with E. coli in dairy cows that may partly explain the partitioning of nutrients and changes in milk components after IMI for cows during early lactation.     

巢式PCR法鉴定猪早期胚胎性别的研究

根据猪SRY基因序列设计合成2对巢式PCR引物作为性别鉴定引物,根据猪β-珠蛋白基因序列设计了一对引物作为内标引物建立了猪胚胎性别鉴定的PCR反应体系。公猪可以扩增出187bp的SRY基因片段和255bp的β-珠蛋白基因片段,母猪只能扩增出255bp的β-珠蛋白基因片段。由于巢式PCR只需3～8个细胞就可以在紫外灯下看到扩增结果,而常规PCR则需要较多的细胞,所以胚胎性别鉴定时使用巢式PCR效果更好。     

早熟西瓜品种‘美欣’的选育

‘美欣’是以自交系‘B101’为母本、‘B83’为父本配制的西瓜一代杂种,早熟,丰产,抗裂果,植株生长强健,全生育期97 d,果实发育期28³0 d。果实高圆球形,果皮绿色底覆墨绿齿条带。易坐果,瓤色鲜红,瓤脆多汁,中心可溶性固形物含量11.6%,边部8.0%,风味极佳。皮韧性好,耐贮运,单瓜质量5.5 kg,667 m2产量3 000 kg左右。适宜在江西、福建等地区及气候相似地区种植。     

Design and development of a geothermal temperature control system for broodstock management of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus

A control system was designed to raise and maintain water temperatures within 0.03-ha earthen ponds to a range conducive for spawning (24–30 °C) channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Heating was done during February 2001 to April 2001, when temperatures would have otherwise prohibited spawning (<24 °C). Temperature was increased from 10 °C (ambient) by 2 °C per day, and maintained at 27 °C, by the addition of geothermally warmed water (36 °C). The control system substantially increased the controllability and precision of heating ponds compared to manual operation. Systems were designed to control sets of four ponds. In designing this control system, consideration of biological constraints was essential. Reproduction in channel catfish is most strongly influenced by temperature. Because cold fronts are common during the winter and early spring (January–March), it was essential to ensure that pond temperatures did not fall below the range for spawning. Constraints on the heating rate and temperature variability to maintain fish health and stimulate spawning behavior were considered. Components of the control system included temperature measurement devices (type-T thermocouples), a central electronic control unit, electronic switches and electrically actuated ball valves. In response to the temperature sensed by each thermocouple, the controller sent a message to close or open the valve. When the valve was opened, warm water was added to the pond to increase the average pond temperature. Hardware and algorithm design and initial system testing were the major components of this project. The final design incorporated information on relevant biological parameters and safety features including peak pond temperature, independent aeration and water pressure control mechanisms. Initial results indicate successful control of this biological system, and ongoing studies suggest similar mechanisms may be used for additional control objectives. In particular, this system could be used to vary pond temperatures to study biological responses and to cool ponds by addition of well water during summer months.     

赤霉素对连翘花期调控的影响研究

采用不同浓度的赤霉素对离体连翘枝条进行处理,研究其对花期的影响。结果表明,赤霉素在浓度为500、1 000、1 500 mg/L均能提早促进连翘开花。其中,赤霉素1 500 mg/L处理效果最为显著,能显著提高开花率,并且开花日期可提早90 d。     

红松天然林生长变异及早期选择的研究

[目的]探究红松早期选择的适宜年龄.[方法]对小兴安岭5个种源25株红松天然林个体进行了调查.[结果]红松天然林个体的生长变异随年龄增大而减小,40年是个体生长从激烈分化转为相对平稳的转折年龄.根据变异系数、相关系数和选择效率3个指标的分析,初步确定红松天然林早期选择的最佳年龄40年.可用40年的树高和胸径平方预估150年的材积.[结论]为红松选择优树、确定遗传改良试验鉴定年龄等育种手段提供了理论依据.     

苗期短日照处理小豆的开花和结荚变化

为了对小豆的高产栽培提供理论依据,以中晚熟小豆品种冀红4号为材料,在出苗到开花阶段进行 SD-14（光/暗,14 h/10h）、SD-12（光/暗,12 h/12h）和 SD-10（光/暗,10 h/14h）3个短日照试验,观察了小豆开花和结荚情况。结果表明：短日照处理加速了植株的生育进程,花期缩短了9～10 d,荚期缩短了3～7 d,总花荚期缩短了5～6 d,差异达显著水平;植株的开花期提早,开花高峰期提前18～20 d,日开花量呈先增后降的趋势;植株的初花节位降低1～2节,单株总荚数达最大值时间提早12 d,结荚数集中于1～10节位,占88．49％以上;各短日处理单荚粒数差异不显著,百粒重均高于对照,单株荚数则低于对照,产量均低于对照,差异不显著。综合比较,短日照处理以 SD-12较好。     

菜心种质材料的分子身份证构建研究

建立菜心种质材料的分子身份证有利于菜心种质材料的收集、保存、管理和利用.利用荧光MFLP标记技术分析供试的36份菜心种质材料,从200对选择性扩增引物组合中筛选出扩增产物清晰稳定的18对引物组合.这些引物组合在36份菜心种质材料中有3～31等位变异,多态性信息量(PIC)和标记指数值(MI)分别在0.26～0.98和0.8～30.4之间.主坐标分析表明,18对引物组合可以区分各供试材料,并按遗传相似性将供试材料归为3个类群.考虑到使用最少引物组合区分不同种质材料,筛选和确定出PIC和MI值最高的3个MFLP选择性扩增引物组合(tfCCTA(CA)7/mAAG、tfGGTC(ATT)5/mCAA和tfCCTA(CA)7/mCTC)作为核心引物组合,建立3个引物组合检测到每份种质材料等位变异有(1)无(0)的二进制数据,并将其转换成简捷直观的16进制数据,从而构建了供试菜心种质材料的分子身份证.     

冬小麦生育早期长势反演模型通用性研究

分析了生育早期(返青期、拔节前期、拔节后期)各阶段的冠层叶片光谱特性与叶绿素含量的关系,基于单波段反射率构建了一元预测模型,同样基于植被指数构建了多元叶绿素含量的反演模型,对两类建模方法构建的叶绿素含量预测模型进行了同生长阶段预测(SPV)和后续生长阶段的交叉预测(CPV),比较了模型的预测效果,得出了构建冬小麦生育早期冠层叶片叶绿素含量的通用预测模型的建模策略。研究结果表明:以返青期冠层叶片单波段反射率构建的一元反演模型,具有一定的模型通用性,能够较为准确的预测拔节前期的叶片叶绿素含量。利用偏最小二乘原理构建多元反演模型具有良好的通用性和较强的鲁棒性,能够较好地反演冬小麦生育早期冠层叶片叶绿素含量。而以MPRI、NDVI、RVI为组合构建的多元模型兼具通用性和简练性,可以作为多元预测模型构建的参考组合。