家蚕EST数据库的应用现状及展望

家蚕是重要的经济昆虫,也是鳞翅目昆虫的主要模式生物。表达序列标签(EST)在家蚕研究中的应用越来越受到关注。本文主要介绍了EST数据库的建立及其在家蚕研究中的应用现状,展望了EST在家蚕中的研究趋势。     

Identification of candidate markers on bovine chromosome 14 (BTA14) under milk production trait quantitative trait loci in Holstein

The objective of this study was to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms using a bovine chromosome 14 high-density SNP panel after accounting for the effect of DGAT1. Linkage disequilibrium information and sire heterozygosity were used to select markers for linkage analysis on bovine chromosome 14 for milk production traits in 321 Holstein animals. Results show putative milk peaks at 42 and 61 cM, both at p<0.10, a fat yield peak at 42 and 63 cM, both at p<0.05; a protein yield peak at 42 (p<0.01) and 84 cM (p<0.05); fat per cent peaks at 3 (p<0.01) and 29 cM (p<0.05), and a protein per cent peak at 4 cM (p<0.05). Once quantitative trait loci positions were established, allele substitution effects for all markers were evaluated using the same statistical model. Overlaying information between quantitative trait loci (QTL) and allele effect analysis enabled the identification (p<0.01) of 20 SNPs under the milk yield QTL, 2 under both of the fat yield peaks, 8 and 9 under the protein yield peaks, 2 and 6 for the fat per cent peaks and 5 for the protein per cent peak. One SNP in particular, ss61514555:A>C, showed association with 3 of the 5 traits: milk (p=1.59E-04), fat (p=6.88E-05) and protein yields (p=5.76E-05). Overall, combining information from linkage disequilibrium, sire heterozygosity and genetic knowledge of traits enabled the characterization of additional markers with significant associations with milk production traits.     

鸡无尾性状的分子机制研究进展

动物的尾巴具有改变方向、控制升降、调整速度、支撑身体、防御、攻击、保温、示警、逃生和捕食等作用。鸟类的尾巴在飞行过程中起到平衡身体的关键作用,但在进化过程中尾部却出现了缩短和融合现象,如中国的瓢鸡及智利的Araucana鸡。作者简述了近年来关于鸡无尾性状的解剖学研究成果,发现无尾鸡在胚胎发育HH19期（Hamburger和Humilton标准分期）就已经出现无尾现象,而在结构上无尾鸡缺乏尾脂腺、尾羽、镰羽、尾椎骨和尾综骨。同时作者分析了导致尾部体节停止发育的分子遗传机制,包括周期性表达基因的转录调控影响尾部延伸过程、后端化因子梯度诱导尾部形成、Hox基因影响体节特化过程及基因突变有可能导致的无尾现象等,从而提出了可能导致家禽无尾性状的胚胎发育时期的关键分子及信号通路,包括Irx1和Irx2基因、Notch信号通路、Wnt信号通路、Fgf信号通路、RA信号通路等。研究鸡无尾性状的分子机制不仅可深入了解脊椎动物胚胎发育中尾部发育机制,更有利于揭示鸟类在进化过程中发生的尾部缩短及融合的机理。     

猪圆环病毒分子生物学研究进展

猪圆环病毒是迄今发现的一种最小的动物病毒,是严重影响养猪业发展的重要病毒之一,引起猪出现新的传染病。随着近年来对其研究的不断深入,在病毒分子生物学方面取得了重要进展。文章对该病毒的分子生物学研究进行了简要综述。     

一起违规使用餐厨泔水喂养生猪案的评析

2017年8月,青岛市某区动物卫生监督所监督检查发现,B养殖场使用饭店泔水喂养生猪。经立案调查,违法事实确实,依据《畜牧法》《青岛市无规定动物疫病区管理条例》等相关规定,依法给予了1 000元行政处罚。本文对法律法规的适用,泔水处理联防联控及强化普法宣传教育等内容进行了思考,着重分析了泔水喂猪传播非洲猪瘟的原因,坚持疏堵结合,提升泔水处置能力,引导养殖场(户)科学养殖。     

Glomerular Filtration Rate and Renal Volume in Dogs with Congenital Portosystemic Vascular Anomalies before and after Surgical Ligation

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal volume were evaluated in dogs with confirmed portosystemic vascular anomalies (PSVA) before and after surgical ligation of their PSVA. Pre- and postligation CBC, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, abdominal ultrasonography with measurement of renal volume, and per rectal scintigraphy were performed to document resolution of abnormalities consistent with portosystemic shunting. GFR was estimated by plasma 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) clearance before (n = 21) and after (n = 12) surgical correction of PSVA. Preligation 99mTc-DTPA GFR was increased (median, 5.64 mL/minute/kg; range, 3.53-8.49 mL/minute/kg; reference range, 2.83-4.47 mL/minute/kg) in 81% (17/21) of dogs. Postligation 99mTc-DTPA GFR decreased in all 12 evaluated dogs (median change = -42%; P < .001). Preligation renal volume was above the reference range for the left and right kidneys in 71% (10/14) and 69% (11/16) of dogs evaluated, respectively. Right renal volume decreased significantly (n = 5; median change, -45%; P = .03) after surgical ligation of PSVA. These findings document increased GFR and renal volume in dogs with PSVA, which may explain in part the low blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations encountered in these dogs. Knowledge of changes in GFR associated with PSVA ligation may prove helpful in the anesthetic, drug, and dietary management of affected dogs.     

脂肪组织的内分泌功能及其与肌肉组织间的分子信号联系

脂肪组织不仅是机体储存能量的主要场所,还是一个活跃的内分泌器官;骨骼肌同样也具有分泌活性物质的功能,能表达、合成和分泌多种生物信号分子。这些活性因子与许多重要的生理、病理过程有密切的关系。对脂肪组织的内分泌功能及其与肌肉组织间的分子信号联系进行了综述。     

华支睾吸虫病在我国的流行及诊断方法研究进展

华支睾吸虫病是由华支睾吸虫引起的危害严重的鱼源性人兽共患寄生虫病,主要引起人和多种动物的肝胆病变,严重者可引起胆管上皮癌,因此华支睾吸虫被国际癌症署(IARC)归为第Ⅰ类生物性致癌因子。我国华支睾吸虫病主要流行于淡水资源丰富的地区,在我国27个省、市、自治区均有该病人体感染的报道。近年来,我国华支睾吸虫感染率呈上升趋势,且受威胁地区和人数不断增加。对该病的诊断和防控已刻不容缓,传统的病原学诊断方法存在着一定的局限性和弊端。免疫学方法和分子生物学技术的不断发展为该病的诊断提供了新的途径,今后在华支睾吸虫病的基础研究与防控中起到更加重要的作用。论文就华支睾吸虫病的流行特点及诊断方法研究进展进行综述,以期为华支睾吸虫病的研究提供参考。