Vaccination experiments on pregnant mice with E. coli vaccines prepared from septicaemic and enteropathogenic strains of E. coli

Experiments have been carried out with vaccination of pregnant mice against E. coli, followed by i.p. challenge of the offspring at one week of age.With a septicaemic strain the results were highly significant, and the method is therefore recommendable for testing of vaccines against such strains of E. coli.Results were less clear-cut with enteropathogenic strains of E. coli. However, with mortality rates of 40 to 45 % in baby mice born by non-vaccinated mothers and less than 15 % in baby mice born by vaccinated mothers, the difference in percentage mortality seems sufficient to warrant the use of the method also in the control of vaccines against enteropathogenic E. coli strains.     

Poxviruses as vaccine vectors

The discovery of Jenner in 1798 founded the science of immunology and eventually led to smallpox eradication from the earth in 1980 after a world-wide vaccination campaign with vaccinia virus (another poxvirus) and paradoxically, despite the eradication of smallpox, there has been an explosion of interest in vaccinia virus in the eighties. This interest has stemmed in part from the application of molecular genetics to clone and express foreign genes from recombinant vaccinia viruses. Vaccinia is also gaining renewed interest due to bioterrorism.

These recombinant viruses have multiple applications in research and vaccinology and led to the development of vectored vaccines, such as the recombinant vaccinia rabies vaccine used to eliminate rabies in Western Europe and, more recently, in the United States. Secondly, alternative poxvirus vectors, such as avipox viruses, were proved to be even safer and efficacious non-replicating vectors (suiciole vectors) when used in non-avian species.     

Immune Responses to Intermediate Strain IBD Vaccine at Different Levels of Maternal Antibody in Broiler Chickens

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Isolation and Identification of a Variant Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and the Immune Efficacy of Its Inactivated Vaccine

This study was aimed to isolate a mutant strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and prepare a PEDV inactivated vaccine with high valence by suspension culture process for immunizing against PEDV effectively in China.200 small intestines and theirs contents of diarrhea piglets died of diarrhea,collected from many large-scale pig farms in China,were detected by RT-PCR and sequenced,a mutant strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus was selected and put on the suspension-cultured Vero cells in a 2 L reactor for virus isolation and continuous cell culture,the harvested virus suspension,which was identified and determined TCID₅₀,was inactivated by formaldehyde and mixed with aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant to prepare PEDV inactivated vaccine.After its physical behavior,stability viscosity,sterility test were checked out,the safety and immune efficacy were studied by immunizing the pregnant pigs and theirs piglets.The results were as follows:86 samples were detected positive in 200 samples,cytopathy occurred after the mutant strain samples screened were passaged to 5th generation,the virus suspension was harvested in 10th generation and identified as a mutant strain of PEDV,named PEDV-GF10 strain.The virus titer of harvested virus suspension was measured up to 1×10^8.0 TCID₅₀/mL after concentrated.After the vaccine was checked out,the sows,40 and 25 days before delivery in experimental groups,were injected into Xuehai acupoint with 4 mL vaccine and the pigs in blank group were free of immunifications.The results showed that there were no obvious differences in the production status of the sows in experimental groups and blank group and the temperature of theirs 3-day-old healthy piglets injected different doses of vaccine,and the vaccine was safe to the sows and piglets.Forty 3-day-old piglets producted by pregnant sows in experimental groups and blank group were randomly selected and taken 4 mL 1×10^8.0TCID₅₀/mL F10 virus culture.The PEDV morbidity of piglets in blank group was 100% after injection and the antibodies were negative;10% piglets in blank group had mild diarrhea symptoms,the protection rate was up to 90%,antibody of passive immunity in piglets lasted for more than 35 days.Virus titer of mutant strain of PEDV-GF10 improved a lot by suspension cell culture,the PEDV-GF10 inactivated vaccine was safe,and could effectively prevent and control the variation strain of PEDV in China.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒S与M基因融合表达载体及IRES连接双基因共表达载体的构建

目的:研究如何提高猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)中主要抗原基因S与M基因对猪传染性胃肠炎的免疫调节作用,进一步探究基因疫苗的有效开发途径。方法:通过两种方法应用牛β酪蛋白启动子构建S和M融合基因表达载体以及构建IRES连接M和S双基因共表达核酸疫苗载体。结论:成功构建好M和S融合基因表达载体及IRES连接的M和S双基因真核共表达载体,并为利用乳腺生物反应器生产可食性疫苗提供有效措施。     

应用小白鼠代替鸡对禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗进行效检的研究

为寻找其他有效的禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗的效检方法,应用小白鼠代替本动物鸡对禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗进行效检.结果表明,小白鼠免疫时体重15～18 g,疫苗免疫剂量0.3 mL/只,免疫10 d后攻毒,攻毒时体重20～25 g,攻毒剂量5～9 CFU/只时,可代替本动物鸡对禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗进行效检,判定标准为免疫组8/10以上保护,对照组5/5死亡为合格.本效检方法可缩短检验期限7 d,降低检验成本,具有敏感、特异、客观、简便等特点.     

法氏囊活性肽对新城疫弱毒疫苗免疫效果影响的研究

本研究通过给鸡两次注射法氏囊活性肽后,接种新城疫弱毒疫苗,观察法氏囊活性肽对新城疫弱毒疫苗免疫效果的影响,结果表明：纯化的法氏囊活性肽能够提高新城疫弱毒疫苗所诱导产生的血清抗体水平,试验组比对照组平均高１～２个滴度;使血清母源新城疫抗体水平维持较高水平;促进法氏囊的生长发育,对抗传染性法氏囊弱毒疫苗（ＩＢＤ）对法氏囊的损伤,和（或）促进损伤后的法氏囊的修复,对脾脏的生长发育没有影响。     

IgE reactivity to milk components in dogs with cutaneous adverse food reactions

We investigated the IgE reactivity to crude and purified milk antigens in the sera of 112 dogs with cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFRs). Of the 112 dogs, 33 (29%) had specific IgE for crude milk antigens. In the dogs with milk-specific IgE, IgE reactivity to casein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and bovine IgG were 81%, 85%, 39%, 27%, and 35%, respectively. Casein and BSA may be important allergens in dogs with CAFRs. Some canine vaccines contain casein hydrolysate as a stabilizer and the pooled serum with anti-casein IgE showed IgE reactivity to the vaccines containing it. Information about IgE reactivity to casein in dogs with CAFRs could be useful for predicting adverse reactions to the vaccines including casein hydrolysate.     

兔病毒性出血症、巴氏杆菌病二联灭活苗与二种单苗的免疫比较

对研制的兔出血症、巴氏杆菌二联灭活苗分别与二种单苗进行了免疫力、免疫产生期、免疫持续保护效果、保存期的比较。结果表明：二联灭活苗对兔出血症RHD、巴氏杆菌病（Pm）的保护率分别100％（15／15）,86．7％（13／15）。而二种单苗的免疫效果分别是100％（12／12）和88．8％（8／9）,经统计学检验差异不显著（P〉0．05）。二联苗和单苗对RHD均100％保护,对于Pm二联苗和单苗第7天都能产生保护力,第10天可产生较坚强的免疫效果。疫苗免疫持续6个月后免疫对RHD、Pm的保护率分别为100％（8／8）、83．3％（10／12）,单苗免疫后对RHD、Pm的保护率分别为100％（6／6）,85．7％（12／14）,免疫效果无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。二联苗和二种单苗在4～8℃和室温条件下保存6个月,对兔病毒性出血症的保护率达100％,对巴氏杆菌病也具有良好的免疫效果。二种组分制苗无干扰现象发生。