五种丛生竹天然抗白蚁性能研究

笔者以梁山慈竹、龙竹、勃氏甜龙竹、撑绿杂交竹、硬头黄竹为研究对象,参考国家标准GB/T 18260-2000对不同竹种、不同竹龄、不同部位的竹材进行了天然抗白蚁性能比较,以筛选抗蛀性能较好的竹材.结果表明:五种丛生竹的竹材均不具有天然抗白蚁性能;竹龄对梁山慈竹抗白蚁性能影响显著,随竹龄增加其失重率减小,竹材部位对其影响不显著.竹龄在3年以上的梁山慈竹的天然抗白蚁性优于1年和2年的;竹龄对龙竹抗白蚁性能影响不显著,竹材部位对其影响极显著,竹材上部与中下部差异显著,竹材上部失重率大于中下部;五种竹材被白蚁蛀蚀的失重率大小顺序为:梁山慈竹失重率最小,其次为勃氏甜龙竹、龙竹和硬头黄竹,撑绿杂交竹的抗白蚁性能最差、失重率最高;去竹青竹黄的龙竹试样失重率高于原竹试样,说明竹青竹黄对白蚁蛀蚀有一定防护作用.     

植物诱导抗性的分子机制研究进展

诱导抗性已成为植物病虫害防治的新手段,其广谱性和对环境的安全性使它受到广泛的关注。文章综述了国内外植物诱导抗性近年来的研究进展,分析了它的一般概念、诱导因子和机制以及近年来发现的与抗性有关的物质等。     

10种常绿阔叶树种理化性质的研究

常绿阔叶树种是森林的主要植物种类,具有含水率高的特点。选择石栎Lithocarpus glaper、拟赤杨Alniphyllum tortunei、冬青Ilex chinensis、樟树Cinnamomum philippinense、木荷Schima superba、罗浮栲Castanopsis fabri、山杜英Elaeocarpus decipiens、甜槠Castanopsis eyrei、苦槠Castanopsis sclerophylla、油茶Camellia oleifera 10种常绿阔叶树种,采集不同树种的树叶、树枝和树皮,烘干粉碎后在室内进行理化性质的测定分析,以不同树种器官的含水率、热值、燃点、木质素、粗纤维、粗灰分、粗脂肪7个指标作为评价因素,对10个树种的抗火性进行聚类分析,结果表明:抗火性强的是冬青;抗火性较强的有3种,由强到弱依次是油茶、山杜英、拟赤杨;抗火性一般的有2种,由强到弱依次是苦槠、石栎;抗火性较弱的有4种,由强到弱依次是木荷、樟树、甜槠、罗浮栲。研究结果能为防火树种的筛选提供理论依据。     

高温胁迫下21个山茶种质的生理生化响应

为给山茶属植物的资源评价及进一步开发利用提供科学依据,以21个山茶种质为材料,研究了高温胁迫条件下的相对电导率、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量和SOD活性变化情况。结果表明,随着温度的升高,21个山茶种质的相对电导率升高,且呈"S"型曲线,XSC14等5个种质的半致死高温均达60℃以上。高温胁迫促使21个山茶种质的叶绿素含量均有不同程度的下降。结合MDA含量和SOD活性测定结果,发现XSC20、XSC14耐热性较强,而XSC4耐热性较差。     

大气SO2和NO2污染及植物的抗性和净化能力研究进展

SO2和NO2为我国大气污染主要污染物,城市森林对SO2和NO2具有一定的抵抗能力和吸收净化能力,利用城市森林对大气污染进行修复具有良好的应用前景.文章概述了我国SO2和NO2气体污染的状况,总结了污染物进入植物体的过程及其损伤机理,并从植物抗性和吸附净化能力两方面总结了城市景观树种与SO2和NO2气体污染的关系研究,并基于研究结论提出今后研究可能发展方向,如SO2、NO2与悬浮颗粒物等复合污染对城市树种生长的影响、树种抗性和吸附能力综合研究等.     

抗砧系列砧木抗葡萄根瘤蚜特性鉴定

采用室内离体根和田间盆栽接种鉴定法对新选育的4份葡萄砧木品种进行葡萄根瘤蚜抗性鉴定。结果表明,抗砧3号、抗砧5号抗性与SO4、5BB相近,表现为高抗,接种后根瘤蚜迅速死亡或停滞在1龄阶段,盆栽鉴定未发现有根瘤及蚜虫存在;抗砧1号在盆栽鉴定中未受蚜虫侵染,但室内鉴定中种群增殖2.4倍,侵染率达46.0%,抗性等级为2级,表现为低抗;抗砧6号室内鉴定中受害程度超过易感品种巨峰,盆栽鉴定中与巨峰相当,表现为易感。     

微生物菌剂在番茄上的肥效试验研究

番茄连续多年重茬种植后,土壤易发生土传病害,地力水平降低,直接影响了番茄的正常生长,降低了番茄的产量和品质。通过使用微生物菌剂可以减少土传病害,改良土壤,增加土壤中有益微生物的多样性,提高番茄产量和品质。本试验设计四个处理:施用微生物菌剂灭活微生物菌剂、常规施肥、空白对照,研究微生物菌剂在番茄上的肥效试验,结果发现,微生物菌剂能显著改善番茄生物学性状,使果实横纵径、单果重增大;增强对枯萎病、青枯病的抗性;提高番茄的产量和经济效益,比常规施肥增产6.45%,比空白对照增产44.67%。     

不同嫁接砧木对网纹甜瓜产量及品质的影响

为了筛选出适宜北京京郊设施种植网纹甜瓜的配套砧木品种,以引进野生甜瓜砧木久砧和南瓜砧木银光作为材料,调查了其田间长势、抗病性,测定果实纵径、横径、单果质量和品质指标。试验结果表明:久砧长势不过旺,抗(耐)病性强,不早衰,果型好,对口感纤维的影响小,综合比较久砧表现最佳,可进一步示范推广。     

Whitened kernel surface: A fast and reliable method for assessing Fusarium severity on cereal grains by digital picture analysis

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a cereal disease of major importance responsible for yield losses and mycotoxin contaminations in grains. Here, we introduce a new measurement approach to quantify FHB severity on grains based on the evaluation of the whitened kernel surface (WKS) using digital image analysis. The applicability of WKS was assessed on two bread wheat and one triticale grain sample sets (265 samples). Pearson correlation coefficients between Fusarium‐damaged kernels (FDK) and WKS range from r = 0.77 to r = 0.81 and from r = 0.61 to r = 0.86 for the correlation between deoxynivalenol (DON) content and WKS. This new scoring method facilitates fast and reliable assessment of the resistance to kernel infection and shows significant correlation with mycotoxin content. WKS can be automated and does not suffer from the “human factor” inherent to visual scorings. As a low‐cost and fast approach, this method appears particularly attractive for breeding and genetic analysis of FHB resistance where typically large numbers of experimental lines need to be evaluated, and for which WKS is suggested as an alternative to visual FDK scorings.     

A data transfer method for improving seed identification of maize (Zea mays) haploid breeding based on genetic similarity

Maize haploid breeding technology is able to identify haploid seeds non‐destructively, rapidly and at low cost with the help of Near‐infrared (NIR) spectral analysis. However, due to the hybridization of numerous parents and the low production rate of haploid, the haploid data collection becomes a burden for engineering this technology. Biologically, there are considerable similarities between the progeny of the same female parent and different male parents. Based on this advantage, similar spectral data can be transferred when the NIR technology is employed. A revised method of Transfer adaptive boost (TrAdaBoost) is proposed to improve identifying for the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) classifier. To avoid the negative transfer, a screening thresh is used to select out similar data, and the amount of these data are limited to join current training. The results show that the identification performances are improved significantly when the data amount is small. This method shows a high ability to make the seed identification more convenient for engineering maize haploid breeding.