近50年菏泽地区雷暴日数的气候分布特征

以观测雷暴日资料为基础,采取线性倾向分析法、Mann-Kendall检验法、morlet小波分析法,对菏泽地区雷暴日数的气候分布特征进行详细分析。发现1964～2013年间,菏泽各区县雷暴日数分布均匀。从20世纪60年代中期开始,年雷暴日数以2.9 d /10a的线性趋势显著减少。雷暴日数减少是一种突变现象,开始时间是1981年。在7年层次里,菏泽市雷暴日序列存在准15年周期的振荡,在20年层次里,菏泽市雷暴日序列存在准40年周期的振荡,20世纪80年代后期是一个转折点。雷暴日空间分布均匀。     

陕西关中西部近50年无霜期气候特征分析

为了研究气候变化背景下陕西关中西部无霜期变化特征及其影响,选取宝鸡市11个气象站1961—2010年气温、初（终）霜日等观测资料,应用气候变化理论统计分析。结果表明：近50年来,宝鸡市平均初霜日以1.77 d/10 a倾向率延后,而终霜日以1.72 d/10 a的倾向率提前,影响无霜期以3.11 d/10 a的倾向率显著延长。初霜日在1974年、终霜日和无霜期在1982年分别发生了明显的转折。无霜期延长对农业生产有积极作用。     

Quantitative trait loci mapping of seed colour,hairy leaf,seedling anthocyanin,leaf chlorosis and days to flowering in F2 population of Brassica rapa L.

A diversity arrays technology (DArT) map was constructed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting seed colour, hairy leaf, seedling anthocyanin, leaf chlorosis and days to flowering in Brassica rapa using a F₂ population from a cross between two parents with contrasting traits. Two genes with dominant epistatic interaction were responsible for seed colour. One major dominant gene controls the hairy leaf trait. Seedling anthocyanin was controlled by a major single dominant gene. The parents did not exhibit leaf chlorosis; however, 32% F₂ plants showed leaf chlorosis in the population. A distorted segregation was observed for days to flowering in the F₂ population. A linkage map was constructed with 376 DArT markers distributed over 12 linkage groups covering 579.7 cM. The DArT markers were assigned on different chromosomes of B. rapa using B. rapa genome sequences and DArT consensus map of B. napus. Two QTL (RSC1‐2 and RSC12‐56) located on chromosome A8 and chromosome A9 were identified for seed colour, which explained 19.4% and 18.2% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The seed colour marker located in the ortholog to Arabidopsis thaliana Transparent Testa2 (AtTT2). Two QTL RLH6‐0 and RLH9‐16 were identified for hairy leaf, which explained 31.6% and 20.7% phenotypic variation, respectively. A single QTL (RSAn‐12‐157) on chromosome A7, which explained 12.8% of phenotypic variation was detected for seedling anthocyanin. The seedling anthocyanin marker is found within the A. thaliana Transparent Testa12 (AtTT12) ortholog. A QTL (RLC6‐04) for leaf chlorosis was identified, which explained 55.3% of phenotypic variation. QTL for hairy leaf and leaf chlorosis were located 0–4 cM apart on the same chromosome A1. A single QTL (RDF‐10‐0) for days to flowering was identified, which explained 21.4% phenotypic variation.     

晴阴天对不同结构日光温室温度的影响

[目的]研究不同天气条件下不同结构类型日光温室的温度变化规律。[方法]建立2个不同结构的日光温室,在典型的阴晴天观测并记录室外天气情况和室内温度变化。[结果]晴天时,1号温室比2号温室升降温快,17:00后1号温室a点温度比2号温室低;2号温室的升温时间更长;11:00～17:00,1号温室c点温度比2号温室低,其他时间2个温室温度较接近;11:00～16:00,1号温室d点升温较快,其最高温度比2号温室高3.0℃。阴天时,整天内2个温室的温度均呈波动下降趋势;23:00,1号温室a、b点的温度分别降至10.5和7.8℃,2号温室的分别降至8.2和10.5℃;1号温室c点温度一直比2号温室低;1号温室d点温度变化较为平缓。[结论]2号温室的保温效果较好,温度变化较平缓,应作为山东省的重点推广温室类型。     

论鲜活农产品直配模式的形成机理及交易效率——以河北省为例

随着我国农业产业化程度的提高和农产品流通体制的健全,鲜活农产品在其生产和流通领域正在发生一些变化。通过对河北各地的实地考察,文章对河北省鲜活农产品配送模式中两种典型的直配模式进行了分析和比较,认为"合作经济组织+超市"模式具有较高的组织化程度和交易效率,但由于其市场目标一般为高端市场,其规模不宜太大;"生产基地+终端消费市场"模式计划性很强,是目前组织化程度最高的配送模式之一,但其外生交易费用较高。     

Protein Hydrolysates from Shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsoni) Head Waste: Optimization of Extraction Conditions by Response Surface Methodology

Utilization of shrimp head waste from the processing industry offers a solution to environmental pollution and also produces valuable bioactive peptides. The present study was aimed to optimize the alcalase assisted extraction conditions by response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain protein hydrolysates from shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsoni) head waste with maximum antioxidant activity. Based on the models derived by RSM, the optimized conditions for maximum degree of hydrolysis (DH) were pH 8.2, temperature of 45.4°C, and enzyme/substrate (E/S) of 1.8%. Meanwhile, the optimized conditions for maximum antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysates as measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrozyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were pH 8.2 and 8.1, temperatures of 49.7 and 59.4°C, and E/S of 2.1 and 2.7%, respectively. The maximum predicted values for DH, DPPH, and FRAP were 42.44%, 39.64% inhibition, and 8.3 μM Fe (II)/g wet wt. of sample, respectively. The extraction of protein hydrolysates at optimal conditions derived by these models resulted in DH, DPPH, and FRAPs of 40.31%, 38.93%, and 8.21 μM Fe (II)/g of sample, respectively, demonstrating the fitness of the models. The present study demonstrates the potential of Metapenaeus dobsoni head waste as a source of protein hydrolysates with prospective antioxidant activity.     

不同浓度药物与不同天数鱼苗对吉富罗非鱼雌性诱导效果的影响

[目的]研究不同浓度药物（苯甲酸雌二醇）与鱼苗天数对吉富罗非鱼雌性诱导效果的影响。[方法]将苯甲酸雌二醇设置6个浓度0、80、90、100、110、120μg/g,分别对卵黄囊刚吸收完的第0天、第5天、第10天吉富罗非鱼苗进行雌性诱导1个月,再饲养至体长16cm时,统计雌性率。[结果]不同天数鱼苗,在6个浓度药物作用下,组内雌性诱导效果均差异极显著（P〈0.01）。其中第0天鱼苗以120μg/g浓度药物,诱导效果最好,平均雌性率67.24%;第5天、第10天鱼苗分别以100、90μg/g浓度药物,诱导效果最好,平均雌性率为56.58%、24.83%。相同药物浓度下,第0天、第5天、第10天鱼苗间,雌性诱导效果差异极显著（P〈0.01）,其中以第0天诱导率最高。[结论]对第0天吉富罗非鱼苗,以浓度为120的药物进行雌性诱导,效果最好。     

豫南平原小麦主要农艺性状灰色关联度分析

为探讨小麦各主要农艺性状对产量影响的主次关系,运用灰色关联度分析方法,对2008、2009年两年小麦品比试验的结果进行分析。结果表明,产量高的品种其单位面积穗数和千粒重也相应较高,综合抗病性好的品种产量也较高;关联度大小依次为：单位面积穗数>千粒重>穗粒数>扬花期>成熟期>赤霉病>纹枯病>条锈病>白粉病。说明该地区与产量密切的主要农艺性状为单位面积穗数、千粒重、穗粒数。     

乙草胺对昆明小鼠肝脏病理性变化的研究

通过设定不同浓度低剂量的乙草胺,对昆明小鼠进行90 d灌胃试验,来确定乙草胺的亚慢性毒性。结果表明,与空白对照组相比,受试物组的动物体重有明显下降(P＜0.05)。浓度越高,体重下降越快。通过HE染色镜检观察,发现受试物组动物肝脏出现不同程度的脂肪粒增加、肝细胞纤维化。浓度越高,肝内脂肪含量越多,肝细胞纤维化程度越严重...     

碱性蛋白酶酶解丰年虫卵蛋白工艺条件优化

以丰年虫卵为原料,利用碱性蛋白酶酶解制备营养价值更高的多肽,并对其水解参数进行优化.以水解度(DH)为指标,通过单因素试验研究酶解时间、酶解温度、pH、底物质量分数及加酶量等因素对碱性蛋白酶酶解丰年虫卵蛋白质过程的影响.在此基础上利用3因素(pH、酶解温度和加酶量)中心组合试验设计,得出最优酶解时间为150 min,底...