论农村集体土地征收的立法科学性进路 ———以土地管理法修订为视角

随着我国经济发展和工业化城市化进程的加快,近年来征收农村集体土地的数量也越来越多。以土地管理法的修订为背景,分析了征地中的公共利益界定、失地农民的生活安置和征地补偿程序等制度设计中的主要问题,从明确法律规定、完善土地征收程序、增加失地农民的社会保障等方面提出了相应的对策和建议。     

秦汉律的罚金刑

秦律的赀罚与二年律令的罚金虽然名称完全不同,但两者具有继承关系。秦律的赀二甲是对盗窃额未满110钱-22钱的处罚,赀一盾是对未满22钱-1钱的处罚。秦律的这些内容由二年律令继承。赀罚原来分为赀一盾、赀二盾、赀一甲、赀二甲等四个等级,后来赀二盾逐渐消失,形成赀一盾、赀一甲、赀二甲三个等级,这三个等级的比例为1:2:4,与二年律令的罚金一两、二两、四两的比例关系相一致。赀一盾的罚额为672钱,与罚金一两的价额625钱相差不大。赀一盾的价额672钱与秦律规定的日均劳动价额8钱有关,以一日劳役为八钱计算,672钱     

阿拉善流动沙漠区沙层CO2浓度与昼夜变化规律研究

利用红外CO2监测仪,对全球最高大的巴丹吉林诺尔图湖东大沙山、沙坡头流动沙丘和民勤流动沙丘进行了19个钻孔的CO2浓度昼夜观测。结果表明,阿拉善流动沙漠区空气中CO2浓度较1 m、2 m、3 m、4 m、5 m沙层中CO2浓度均低,表明在植物极稀少的流动沙漠区温暖季节会向空气中释放CO2,是大气CO2的来源区。沙层不仅白天向空气释放CO2,夜间也在释放CO2。在极端干旱的阿拉善流动沙漠区沙层2 m深处CO2浓度一般较1 m、3 m、4 m、5 m的大,但也有个别例外。流动沙漠区沙层CO2浓度的昼夜变化也具有明显的规律性,各个深度沙层CO2浓度从早8时至次日7时均呈现由低到高再到低的变化规律。沙层CO2浓度与昼夜温度变化呈显著正相关关系。在极端干旱的阿拉善流动沙漠区水分含量较高的沙层CO2浓度明显高,表明沙层含水量高低是决定沙层CO2浓度水平的主要因素。     

农村社区种子纠纷的法律探讨

对我国农村社区种子纠纷现状进行考量,发现当前农村社区种子纠纷影响面广、纠纷发生季节性强、纠纷涉及专业性较强以及责任主体多元化。对我国种子纠纷解决方式进行分析,发现纠纷解决中存在种子质量田间现场鉴定门槛高、索赔损失范围难确定、农民的证据不易留存等问题。完善农村社区种子纠纷的解决方式要从强化种子纠纷的矛盾化解,发挥种子协会行业自律作用,建立专业化种子鉴定队伍,强化农民的法律维权意识方面努力。     

Monitoring law-enforcement performance in nine protected areas in Ghana

In Ghana, budgetary allocations for protected area management have been consistently low. To improve cost-effectiveness and performance of law enforcement, monitoring feedback was used to provide the foundation for informed management decisions. Between 2004 and 2006, a system to monitor staff performance, patrol effort, illegal wildlife use, and trends in large-mammal populations was established in seven protected areas. In two national parks, where GIS-based monitoring systems were in place, in the course of 2006, data were standardised and analysed in the same way. Encounters on patrol with illegal activities and large mammals were corrected for patrol effort and the size of the area to enable comparing encounter rates in different protected areas. In December 2005, law-enforcement performance was evaluated in six protected areas. Through dissemination of the evaluation report, the poor performance of patrol staff and high levels of illegal activity in five out of six sites entered the public domain, and created a spirit of competition between protected areas. The present evaluation showed that in the course of 2006, in the six sites evaluated, patrol performance improved by 59% on average, compared to only 11% in the two parks that were not evaluated. In the four savannah sites evaluated, poaching was reduced by 72%, but only by 17% in the two forest sites evaluated. This compares with a reduction in poaching of 33% in the two parks. Patrol data were open to several types of error. Although reliability of patrol data was checked at different hierarchical levels, the final check was at headquarters in Accra, comparing seasonal fluctuations in large-mammal encounters with those in two control areas.     

对中国刑法的再思考——以人权保障为视角

随着人权观念的日益深入人心,尊重和保障人权越来越得到国家的关注与重视,人权保障的思想业已成为当代刑法的鲜明主题之一。我国刑法对人权保障思想的贯彻已经有了长足的发展和可喜的进步,但在某些方面仍有欠缺,有待进一步完善。     

对《水土保持法》第十四条第四款及其相关规定之反思

讨论了现行《水土保持法》第十四条第四款及其相关规定在文字表述、体例安排和义务配置上存在的缺陷及其完善,指出以行政协商与财政激励相配合的实施机制应是水土保持工作今后主要的发展方向,并应将其上升到立法的高度。     

松阿扁叶蜂发生规律及防治技术研究

在研究松阿扁叶蜂的发生危害、生活史、主要习性及发生规律的基础上，从7种不同药剂中筛选出了5种防治该虫的有效药剂和最佳使用浓度：用8％绿色威雷300倍液防治出蛰成虫，防效达93．58％；用40％氧化乐果乳油、25％灭幼脲Ⅲ号胶悬剂1500倍液防治3龄前幼虫，防效分别达91．35％和95．34％；利用2．5％敌杀死乳油4000倍液防治3龄后大幼虫，防效为96．62％；在郁闭度0．7以上的林分，用22．5kg／hm^2林丹烟剂防治树上幼虫，防效达97．96％。     

森林火灾重灾年现象与海温异常变化关系研究

根据黑龙江省林区 195 1～ 1990年的森林火灾统计数据和北太平洋海域 2 86个格点自 195 1～ 1991年历年逐月观测数据 ,运用异常度分析技术 ,研究了黑龙江林区森林火灾重灾年现象的当年及前后各 3a逐月北太平洋海温异常变化的基本规律和时相特点。研究发现 ,黑龙江林区的森林火灾重灾年与太平洋赤道附近海域 (10°S～ 10°N ,80°～ 180°W)海温 (seasurfacetemperature ,SST)持续正距平期显著正相关 ,两者基本同步 ,且以该海域 - 2aSST异常变冷为前期背景。对科学地预测该林区未来年、季森林火灾活动及林火致灾潜力具有重要参考价值     

Major Innovation of the Newly Revised Accounting Law-Reinforcing the Responsibility of the Persons in Charge of Units

With the uninterrupted development of the socialist market economy, there are many phenomena such as mendacious accounting information and false account in the accounting practice. It is an inevitable request for us to amend and improve the Accounting Law, so as to make it reflecting the new content and playing a significant role in accounting work. In this paper, after a thorough discussion of the nature, background and characteristics of the newly revised Accounting Law, a great innovation of the law that laying the primary accounting obligation on the persons in charge of unit is pointed out and its rationality, function and duty are summarized and analyzed.