花脸香蘑发酵物的体外抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性研究

[目的]测定花脸香蘑[Lepista sordida（Schumach.Fr.）Singer]发酵产物的体外抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性。[方法]利用不同溶剂对花脸香蘑发酵次生代谢物质进行了分级分离提取,用二苯基苦味酰基苯肼（DPPH）法检测各级分离物的抗氧化活性;用噻唑兰（MTT）法检测其体外抗肿瘤活性。[结果]固体发酵花脸香蘑乙酸乙酯相抗氧化活性最高,其次为发酵液乙酸乙酯相;花脸香蘑发酵液乙酸乙酯相抗肿瘤活性最高,对人宫颈癌细胞Hela的IC50值为50μg/ml;菌丝提取物也表现出较强的抗氧化、抗肿瘤活性。[结论]该结果为进一步研究和开发利用花脸香蘑提供了新的科学依据。     

山西老陈醋抗氧化活性及其机理

对山西老陈醋的抗氧化性和抗氧化机理进行了研究。结果表明,山西老陈醋中多酚的含量达到4.865 mg/mL;50,200μL山西老陈醋对DPPH自由基(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)的清除能力分别为50.2%和68.7%,对亚油酸体系自氧化抑制率分别为69.7%和78.7%。说明山西老陈醋具有较强的总抗氧化能力和较强的清除DPPH自由基能力。     

国产人工打洞沉香中一个新的2-(2-苯乙基)色酮二聚体

为进一步研究国产人工打洞法所结沉香中的化学成分,本研究采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20、半制备高效液相等色谱方法从其乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离纯化得到2个单体化合物.根据核磁共振(NMR)、质谱(MS)等波谱数据分别鉴定为2-(2-苯乙基)色酮二聚体(+)-3′,3′′′-dihydroxy-4′,4′′′-di...     

牛筋果脂溶性成分及其抗氧化活性的研究

应用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对牛筋果[Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merrill)]果实的石油醚萃取部分脂溶性成分进行了初步研究。结果显示,石油醚萃取部分共鉴定了29种脂溶性成分,占总峰面积的69.67%,并确定其相对含量;其中含量较高的成分依次是顺-9,12-十八碳二烯醇(12.35%)、棕榈酸(9.67%)、Z-9,17-十八碳烯醛(8.97%)、亚油酸(7.97%)、油酸乙酯(5.81%)、β-谷甾醇(4.88%)、亚油酸乙酯(4.10%)。在此基础上,采用清除DPPH自由基能力的方法测定了醇提物、乙酸乙酯萃取物及石油醚萃取物的抗氧化活性,结果均显示出较强的抗氧化活性,其IC50值分别为40、22和288 μg/mL,由于石油醚萃取物的抗氧化活性远远大于其它萃取物,因此笔者等先行对其进行了研究。     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

Characterizing the pigmented traditional rice cultivars grown in temperate regions of Kashmir (India) for free and bound phenolics compounds and in vitro antioxidant properties

The purpose of the research was to identify the phenolic and flavonoid compounds of seven different traditional pigmented whole rice cultivars grown in the temperate regions of Kashmir so as to study their relationship with in vitro antioxidant capacities. The completely pigmented rice cultivars were found to have higher phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin contents and exhibited higher antioxidant capacities than the light colored and sparely colored rice cultivars. A total of 40 compounds had been identified in the analyzed rice cultivars that were found to be distributed in 6 major categories with 6-phenolics, 6-flavonoids, 11-hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, 7-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, 3-anthocyanins and 7-flavonoid glucosides of different flavonoid compounds. Among the free and bound fractions for each cultivars the light and sparsely colored depicted higher content of phenolics and in vitro antioxidant properties in bound faction, while the completely pigmented cultivars showed higher antioxidant properties in free fractions. The anthocyanins quercetin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-O-diglucoside had been identified by LC-MS existing in the free fractions of the analyzed rice cultivars whereas, the free fraction of acetone + H₂O possessed higher percentage of phenolic compounds as compared to methanolic extracts and bound fractions. The black colored cultivars possessed higher DPPH scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition.     

Thermal degradation kinetics of bioactive compounds from black rice flour (Oryza sativa L.) extracts

The effect of thermal processing on the degradation of the phytochemicals in black rice flour by means of fluorescence spectroscopy and degradation kinetics was investigated. In order to investigate the influence of food matrices, a comparative analysis between integral rice flour and different fractions was performed. The preliminary compositional results suggested a higher content in phytochemicals in fraction four of the seven fractions of black rice flour, which was sifting through a sieve with a diameter of 180 μm. The compositional complexity was highlighted by fluorescence spectroscopy. The heat-treatment caused structural changes that led to red- or blue-shifts in maximum emission. The first-order kinetic model was used to describe the mechanism of degradation. The activation energies were 10.07 ± 1.04 kJ/mol for total polyphenolic, 7.26 ± 0.58 kJ/mol for total monomeric anthocyanins and 6.71 ± 1.12 kJ/mol for antioxidant activity in case of integral flour extract. For fraction four extract obtained by, the E_a values were: 3.51 ± 0.53 kJ/mol, 11.49 ± 1.47 kJ/mol, 15.80 ± 1.50 kJ/mol and 19.91 ± 3.27 kJ/mol, respectively. The calculated values of the activation energy revealed higher temperature dependence of total polyphenols in integral flour and of antioxidant activity in fraction four, respectively.     

Development and Characterization of Calcium-Alginate Beads of Apigenin: In Vitro Antitumor,Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities

The objective of this work was to develop sustained-release Ca-alginate beads of apigenin using sodium alginate, a natural polysaccharide. Six batches were prepared by applying the ionotropic gelation technique, wherein calcium chloride was used as a crosslinking agent. The beads were evaluated for particle size, drug loading, percentage yield, and in vitro drug release. Particle size was found to decrease, and drug entrapment efficiency was enhanced with an increase in the polymer concentration. The dissolution study showed sustained drug release from the apigenin-loaded alginate beads with an increase in the polymer proportion. Based on the dissolution profiles, BD6 formulation was optimized and characterized for FTIR, DSC, XRD, and SEM, results of which indicated successful development of apigenin-loaded Ca alginate beads. MTT assay demonstrated a potential anticancer effect against the breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines. The antimicrobial activity exhibited effective inhibition in the bacterial and fungal growth rate. The DPPH measurement revealed that the formulation had substantial antioxidant activity, with EC50 value slightly lowered compared to pure apigenin. A stability study demonstrated that the BD6 was stable with similar (f2) drug release profiles in harsh condition. In conclusion, alginate-based beads could be used for sustaining the drug release of poorly water-soluble apigenin while also improving in vitro antitumor, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity.     

热处理对甜玉米酚类物质含量及抗氧化能力的影响

为研究热处理对甜玉米中酚类和类黄酮物质含量及抗氧化能力的影响,分别测定新鲜甜玉米粒、甜玉米浆、甜玉米羹(将新鲜甜玉米粒打浆破碎后分别在105～125℃下高压灭菌处理25 min)3类材料提取物中的多酚和类黄酮物质含量。以FRAP、ABTS和DPPH 3个抗氧化指标来评价甜玉米提取物抗氧化能力和清除自由基能力。结果表明,酚类、类黄酮含量和FRAP值都随处理温度的升高而升高;ABTS和DPPH自由基清除能力也较未经热处理的甜玉米强;热处理能显著增强甜玉米的抗氧化能力。     

云南不同地区臭灵丹提取物的抗氧化活性

为综合利用臭灵丹,以乙醇、甲醇、丙酮为萃取溶剂,超声波提取制备提取物,考察云南13个样点臭灵丹提取物对DPPH自由基活性的清除能力,并将其与多种抗氧化剂进行比较。结果表明:13个样点臭灵丹甲醇提取物C1~C13的IC50分别为0.1753mg/mL,0.1953mg/mL,0.09940mg/mL,0.08474mg/mL,0.1107mg/mL,0.1246mg/mL,0.5046mg/mL,0.2915mg/mL,0.1181mg/mL,0.05635mg/mL,1.020mg/mL,0.2133mg/mL,0.1519mg/mL;乙醇提取物C1~C13的IC50分别为0.6528mg/mL,0.4637mg/mL,0.2095mg/mL,0.2258mg/mL,0.3547mg/mL,0.3957mg/mL,0.8492mg/mL,0.8520mg/mL,0.3585mg/mL,0.1436mg/mL,2.5806mg/mL,0.7242mg/mL,0.4556mg/mL;丙酮提取物C1~C13的IC50分别为1.9089mg/mL,1.6229mg/mL,1.2223mg/mL,0.5837mg/mL,1.4749mg/mL,1.0817mg/mL,2.8397mg/mL,3.3188mg/mL,1.0240mg/mL,0.4499mg/mL,4.9195mg/mL,2.3085mg/mL,1.4975mg/mL;芦丁、没食子酸、咖啡酸、香草酸和对香豆酸溶液的IC50分别为0.0043mg/mL,0.00092mg/mL,0.0033mg/mL,0.5471mg/mL,2.27mg/mL;与5种标准品的抗氧化能力相比,依次为没食子酸咖啡酸芦丁甲醇提取物乙醇提取物丙酮提取物,云南省13个地方臭灵丹甲醇提取物抗氧化能力(除样品11)均大于标准品对香豆酸、香草酸;样品C2、C3、C4、C5、C6、C9、C10、C13乙醇提取物抗氧化能力均大于香草酸、对香豆酸,丙酮提取物抗氧化能力(除样品11、12外)均大于香草酸。