Characterizing the pigmented traditional rice cultivars grown in temperate regions of Kashmir (India) for free and bound phenolics compounds and in vitro antioxidant properties

The purpose of the research was to identify the phenolic and flavonoid compounds of seven different traditional pigmented whole rice cultivars grown in the temperate regions of Kashmir so as to study their relationship with in vitro antioxidant capacities. The completely pigmented rice cultivars were found to have higher phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin contents and exhibited higher antioxidant capacities than the light colored and sparely colored rice cultivars. A total of 40 compounds had been identified in the analyzed rice cultivars that were found to be distributed in 6 major categories with 6-phenolics, 6-flavonoids, 11-hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, 7-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, 3-anthocyanins and 7-flavonoid glucosides of different flavonoid compounds. Among the free and bound fractions for each cultivars the light and sparsely colored depicted higher content of phenolics and in vitro antioxidant properties in bound faction, while the completely pigmented cultivars showed higher antioxidant properties in free fractions. The anthocyanins quercetin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-O-diglucoside had been identified by LC-MS existing in the free fractions of the analyzed rice cultivars whereas, the free fraction of acetone + H₂O possessed higher percentage of phenolic compounds as compared to methanolic extracts and bound fractions. The black colored cultivars possessed higher DPPH scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition.     

马铃薯皮中黄酮类物质测定及含量

以马铃薯皮为试验材料,研究了黄酮类化合物提取方法,获得了提取马铃薯皮中黄酮类化合物的最佳条件,测量了马铃薯皮中体现抗氧化性的黄酮类化合物的含量。试验中,对马铃薯皮中黄酮类化合物进行了提取、分离,以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl,DPPH)的清除率作为马铃薯皮中提取的黄酮类化合物含量及抗氧化活性的评价指标。通过单因素试验,确定提取溶剂、温度、时间、料液比等对提取结果的影响程度。并在单因素试验的基础上设计4因素3水平的正交试验,从而确定马铃薯皮中黄酮类化合物的最佳提取条件。结果表明,马铃薯皮中黄酮类抗氧化物的提取最佳条件为50℃的温度下用80%丙酮溶液按照料液比1:10的比例提取,提取时间为3 h。在此条件下测得DPPH的清除率为84.62%。在最佳提取条件下提取马铃薯皮中黄酮类化合物,并测得每克烘干后的马铃薯皮中含有约10.95 mg的黄酮类物质,与其它类果实果皮中具有相似的抗氧化活性的黄酮类物质的含量相比明显较高。     

食用甜蕨及苦蕨黄酮类化合物对DPPH自由基的清除效果

为了弄清食用甜蕨和苦蕨黄酮提取物的抗氧化特性,以VE为对照,采用分光光度法等方法,研究了食用甜蕨和苦蕨黄酮类化合物对DPPH自由基清除率的影响。结果表明:在510nm下,甜蕨和苦蕨黄酮提取液的含量分别为843.59μg/g和614.15μg/g;甜蕨和苦蕨黄酮提取物对DPPH均有较好的清除效果,苦蕨与甜蕨黄酮提取物浓度为12.283μg/mL时,对DPPH的清除率分别为87.13%和50.21%,苦蕨黄酮提取液的抗氧化能力显著高于甜蕨,但二者的抗氧化能力均显著高于VE。     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

刺五加叶不同部位抗氧化活性的研究

目的研究刺五加叶不同部位在不同浓度下的体外抗氧化活性。方法采用清除ABTS+自由基、DPPH自由基评价法和测定还原性法,利用紫外分光光度计法测定刺五加叶的总提液、10%、30%和50%大孔吸附树脂醇洗脱部位在不同浓度下的抗氧化能力。结果刺五加叶不同部位抗氧化活性的强弱顺序为:30%部位>10%部位>总提液>50%部位,随着各部位浓度的增加,抗氧化能力增强。ABTS+自由基和DPPH自由基模型中,在浓度为0.64mg/mL时,30%的部位对ABTS+DPPH自由基模最大清除率分别达到99.541%、95.331%,与同浓度VC的清除率接近,其次浓度0.64mg/mL的10%部位的最大清除率分别达到96.324%、88.033%。在还原性法测定中30%部位在浓度为0.64mg/mL时,吸光度为2.269,与VC较接近,同浓度时10%部位的吸光度为2.155,次于30%部位。结论刺五加叶抗氧化能力较好,各种评定方法结合分析,其30%部位最好,可以开发为抗氧化剂,为进一步研究和开发刺五加叶提供了科学依据。     

玫瑰茄粗多糖清除DPPH自由基活性研究

以玫瑰茄干花萼为原料,利用水浸醇析法提取玫瑰茄粗多糖,其抗氧化活性用清除1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼（DPPH）自由基的能力进行评价。结果表明,玫瑰茄粗多糖具有良好的抗氧化活性,其浓度在0.551~2.150 mg/mL范围内,与清除率呈较好的线性关系：y=28.7684x+39.43208,R=0.973。     

DPPH radical scavenging activity of two flavonol glycosides from Aconitum napellus sp. lusitanicum

The DPPH radical scavenging activity of two flavonol glycosides obtained from ethanolic extracts of Aconitum napellus sp. lusitanicum was studied. The results showed a high DPPH antiradical activity of compound 1 (quercetin 3-O-(6-trans-caffeoyl)-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-glucopyranosyl-7-O-alpha-rhamnopyranoside) when compared with compound 2 (quercetin-3-sophoroside-7-rhamnopyranoside), rutin and ascorbic acid. The relationship between the caffeoyl and rhamnopyranoside groups in the flavonol glycosides structures and the DPPH antiradical activity was also discussed.     

山西老陈醋抗氧化活性及其机理

对山西老陈醋的抗氧化性和抗氧化机理进行了研究。结果表明,山西老陈醋中多酚的含量达到4.865 mg/mL;50,200μL山西老陈醋对DPPH自由基(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼)的清除能力分别为50.2%和68.7%,对亚油酸体系自氧化抑制率分别为69.7%和78.7%。说明山西老陈醋具有较强的总抗氧化能力和较强的清除DPPH自由基能力。     

黑粒小麦的选育及其抗氧化特性

摘要：本文选育的黑粒小麦为黑皮黑胚乳,含有丰富的水溶性黑色素的小麦,国内外对黑色素作了一定的开发研究,但黒粒小麦清除二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基的研究还很少。本研究以普通小麦和抗坏血酸为对照,通过DPPH 法测定黑粒小麦色素粗提物体外抗氧化、清除自由基能力。研究结果表明:黑粒小麦黑色素粗提物具有呈量效关系的抗氧化活性,其清除自由基能力远大于普通小麦,但小于抗坏血酸。普通小麦、黑粒小麦3-2、3-3、3-4、3-11、3-13、3-33、3-36、3-37、3-39、10-38和Vc清除50% DPPH 自由基的有效浓度（EC50）分别为689.05、39.89、71.51、58.57、48.13、33.99、105.27、62.15、30.97、35.15、35.09、0.196 mg/ml,其自由基清除能力AE 分别为0.15×10-2、2.51×10-2、1.4×10-2、1.7×10-2、2.08×10-2、2.94×10-2、0.95×10-2、1.61×10-2、3.23×10-2、2.84×10-2、2.85×10-2、510×10-2。这些为进一步研究、开发和利用黒粒小麦黑色素奠定理论基础。     

野草香醇提物抗氧化活性研究

运用DPPH、ABTS两种分光光度法进行体外抗氧化活性筛选来研究野草香的体外抗氧化作用。结果显示野草香乙醇总提取物不同萃取部位均具有良好的消除DPPH·和ABTS·的能力,在DPPH和ABTS方法中,水部分对DPPH自由基消除率最高,IC50值为15.66 mg/m L;乙酸乙酯部分对ABTS自由基消除率最高,IC50值为14.04mg/m L。这说明野草香乙醇总提取物均有一定消除DPPH和ABTS自由基的能力,野草香各个粗提物部分对DPPH及ABTS自由基的清除率均与质量浓度呈量效关系,总提取物和不同萃取部分的抗氧化活性存在着差异。