诃子抗氧化活性的研究

对诃子与龙井茶和银杏叶的抗氧化活性进行了比较,并对其抗氧化活性进行了研究.结果显示诃子提取物总多酚含量为(211.229±8.236)mg/g、总黄酮含量为(49.509±1.362)mg/g,高含量的总多酚是其强抗氧化活性的主要物质基础.诃子粗提物抗氧化活性显著高于阳性对照BHT;采用不同极性溶剂对诃子粗提物进行萃取后发现乙酸乙酯萃取相抗氧化活性最强.     

Chemical composition of the essential oil and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from fruits and flowers of Hypericum lydium Boiss.

This study was conducted to evaluate the essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts from fruits and flowers of Hypericum lydium Boiss., a wild growing species of the Turkish flora. The antioxidant activities were determined through several biochemical assays. Both extracts showed an inhibitory effect against the formation of TBARS in a phosphatidylcholine liposome model system, moderate scavenging effect on DPPH and superoxide radicals, prominent reducing power and inhibitory effect on deoxyribose degradation in both the nonsite and site-specific assay, but a greater hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was observed in the non-site specific assay, suggesting that the extracts were better at scavenging hydroxyl radicals than at chelating iron. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a linear relationship between antioxidant potency, free-radical scavenging activity, reducing power and the content of flavonoids of fruits and flowers extracts. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In total forty-three compounds were identified. The most abundant components were monoterpenes hydrocarbons represented principally by α-pinene. The tested oil showed no antioxidant activity.     

Chemical profiling and biological screening of Thymus lotocephalus extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and hydrodistillation

Essential oil and extracts from the aerial parts of Thymus lotocephalus were obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) in two different collectors, respectively. SFE was conducted at 40 °C and a working pressure of 12 or 18 MPa. The chemical profiles were determined using GC-FID and GC-IT-MS. Oxygen-containing monoterpenes were the primary constituents in the essential oil and SFE extracts collected in the second separator, while the extracts obtained in the first separator were predominantly oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes. A large number of compounds were identified by hydrodistillation and, in contrast, the highest extraction yields were obtained using SFE. Linalool (10.43 ± 1.63%) was the main component in essential oil, whereas camphor (7.91 ± 0.84%) and cis-linalool oxide (7.25 ± 1.45%) were the major compounds in the extracts-2nd separator obtained at pressures of 12 and 18 MPa, respectively. Caryophyllene oxide was the primary constituent identified in the extracts-1st separator (4.34 ± 0.51 and 4.41 ± 1.25% obtained at 12 and 18 MPa, respectively). The antioxidant activity was assessed by ORAC and DPPH assays, and the anti-cholinesterase activity was evaluated in vitro using Ellman's method. The essential oil and SFE extracts (first separator) of T. lotocephalus possessed antioxidant activity and strongly inhibited cholinesterases. We also demonstrated that the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the essential oil could be attributed to 1,8-cineole and caryophyllene oxide, respectively.     

刺山柑茎总黄酮提取液体外抗氧化活性的研究

[目的]研究刺山柑茎中总黄酮提取液的抗氧化能力.[方法]测定样品的抗脂质过氧化活性、还原力、螯合力,以及对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基清除作用,评价刺山柑茎中总黄酮提取液的体外抗氧化活性.[结果](1)样品有较强的抗脂质氧化能力,对菜籽油的抗氧化性的强弱依次为VC＞VE＞样品＞BHT＞空白;对棉籽油的抗氧化性的强弱依次为VC＞样品＞BHT＞VE＞空白;对葵花籽油抗氧化性强弱依次为:样品＞VE＞VC＞BHT＞空白;对猪油抗氧化性的强弱依次为BHT＞VC＞样品＞VE＞空白;(2)样品DPPH清除率强于VC和BHT;(3)样品还原力强于VE而弱于VC;(4)样品有较强的超氧阴离子清除作用;(5)羟基自由基清除率强弱依次为:样品＞VC＞VE.(6)样品螯合力弱于EDTA.[结论]刺山柑茎中总黄酮提取液有作为天然抗氧化剂开发的价值.     

酢浆草清除DPPH有机自由基活性研究

用二苯基苦基苯肼自由基薄层实验法(DPPH-TIC-ASSAY)和DPPH-Titerplate Assay的方法,对不同环境、不同生长势、不同种的酢浆草上不同部位鲜叶的甲醇提取物进行定性和定量分析.发现酢浆草鲜叶提取物的自由基清除能力与样品浓度呈正相关关系,样品浓度越高,其自由基消除率越高;同时发现不同种的酢浆草的自由基清除活性不同,其中红花酢浆草提取物的自由基清除活性较强,同一种酢浆草因为生长环境的不同其自由基清除活性也不同,试验发现盆栽样品的活性较强.薄层图谱中还可看到同一种的DPPH-HPTLC图谱较类似,而不同种的DPPH-HPTLC图谱有较大的差异.     

几种特色蔬菜抗氧化作用的研究

采用DPPH法、ABTS法测定几种特色蔬菜的抗氧化活性,采用福林酚法测定蔬菜中总酚含量,分光光度法测定总黄酮含量并与抗氧化结果进行相关性分析。结果表明：生菜类、芳香类蔬菜具有较高抗氧化活性,IC50值为0．1—0．7mg／mL。统计学结果表明,总多酚、黄酮含量和DPPH、ABTS的IC50值有显著的负相关（P〈0．05）。     

几种特色蔬菜抗氧化作用的研究

采用DPPH法、ABTS法测定几种特色蔬菜的抗氧化活性,采用福林酚法测定蔬菜中总酚含量,分光光度法测定总黄酮含量并与抗氧化结果进行相关性分析。结果表明：生菜类、芳香类蔬菜具有较高抗氧化活性,IC50值为0.1-0.7 mg/mL。统计学结果表明,总多酚、黄酮含量和DPPH、ABTS的IC50值有显著的负相关（p〈0.05）。     

超声辅助酶解茶渣蛋白制备抗氧化活性肽

利用食源蛋白制备具有抗氧化能力的天然活性肽是当前的研究热点。为了优化超声辅助酶解茶渣蛋白制备抗氧化活性肽工艺,本研究以茶渣为原料,以酶解液DPPH清除率为指标,在单因素逐级优化基础上,选定酶解pH值、温度、时间、加酶量进行4因素3水平正交试验设计和分析。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶较好,在p H值为7.5、温度50℃、时间20 min、加酶量为400 U/g、超声功率为105 W的优化条件下酶解,酶解液对DPPH清除率达为85.36%,比对照活性提高了为31.87%。可见,在本试验条件下低功率超声能有效提高碱性蛋白酶酶解茶渣蛋白效率,增加抗氧化活性肽得率,为开辟茶渣高值化利用的新途径提供实验依据。     

Physicochemical and functional characterization of wheat milling co-products: Fine grinding to achieve high fiber antioxidant-rich fractions

Milling of wheat produces co-products rich in dietary fiber, micronutrients and phytochemicals which can be used to integrate healthy functional foods. In the study different co-products including bran, shorts, and red dog were identified by physicochemical and functional analyses. The results showed that the fat, protein and starch contents decreased in order of red dog > shorts > bran (P < 0.05). The ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, water and oil holding capacities (WHC, OHC) were in order bran > shorts > red dog, respectively (P < 0.05). Antioxidant capacity was in order red dog > shorts > bran (P < 0.05). The bran was selected as the co-product with the highest fiber that was finely grounded to four different fractions (>355, 250–355, 180–250, <180 μm) and they were characterized more detail. The fat, protein and starch contents decreased with increasing bran particle size (P < 0.05). The ash, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and WHC and OHC increased with the increasing bran particle size (P < 0.05). DPPH radical scavenging activity increased with increasing particle size (P < 0.05). The bran fractions 250–355 and >355 μm can be used as high fiber ingredients rich in antioxidants to generate functional foods.     

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity In Vitro and in Hippocampal HT-22 Cells System of Protein Hydrolysates of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) By-Product

Fish processing by-products may become more than 50% of the starting material. If mismanaged, these large quantities of discarded fish can create serious pollution problems and can also generate cost associated with their disposal. Enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the techniques that is currently being developed in order to recover and add value to these biomolecules. There is an increasing interest in natural antioxidants that are safer for consumers compared with synthetic antioxidants. In this study, common carp by-product was hydrolyzed using the enzymes Alcalase (A) and Protamex (P) to reach degrees of hydrolysis (DH) of 10 and 15%, respectively. Antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP); 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging; and the measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration after exposure to common carp protein hydrolysates were investigated. The results revealed that the hydrolysate A15 exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher antioxidant activity against the DPPH radical. A15 showed the highest in vitro antioxidant competence against peroxyl radicals, whereas P15 showed the lowest activity against peroxyl radicals (p < 0.05). Hydrolysates having the highest and the lowest in vitro antioxidant activity (A15 and P15, respectively) were selected for the determination of antioxidant activity in the HT-22 cells system. Measurement of intracellular ROS concentration revealed that P15 at the concentration of 1.25 mg/mL significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the intracellular ROS concentration. These results showed that common carp by-product protein hydrolysates are a source of antioxidant peptides with a high potential for food and pharmaceutical industries to develop new nutraceuticals and functional foods.