北京野生软枣猕猴桃果实品质综合评价体系

为评价北京野生软枣猕猴桃资源的驯化栽培价值,构建野生软枣猕猴桃品质综合评价体系,采集怀柔地区野生软枣猕猴桃11个样本的果实,以市售的栽培猕猴桃果实为对照,测定了单果重、果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比、Vc含量、总酚含量和黄酮含量8个果实品质指标,利用隶属函数值法对测定的8个指标进行主成分分析;测定果实的DPPH抗氧化活性,探究其与果实的Vc、总酚和黄酮类物质含量的相关性。结果表明:主成分分析将8个品质指标综合成3个主成分因子,前3个主成分的累计贡献率为84.71%,样本S9和S6的果实品质综合评价为优。DPPH自由基清除率与果实的Vc含量、总酚黄酮类物质含量的相关指数分别为0.783 5、0.897 2和0.004,说明野生软枣猕猴桃的DPPH抗氧化作用与Vc和总酚含量相关性高,与黄酮类物质含量不相关。野生软枣猕猴桃个体间果实品质差异大,评价果实品质的重要指标是果实的总酚含量、Vc含量、固酸比、平均单果重、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸。     

10 种中草药抗氧化活性的比较研究

以市售的虎杖、黄芩、夏枯草、女贞子、黄花蒿、续断、苦参、白芍、莪术和姜黄为研究对象,蒸馏水为提取溶剂,比较研究10种中草药的抗氧化活性。通过FRAP铁离子还原法、DPPH自由基清除法和FC福林酚法测定试样的总抗氧化能力、自由基清除能力及总酚含量,综合研究其抗氧化活性。结果表明,虎杖、黄芩、夏枯草和女贞子的总抗氧化能力FeSO4当量均大于1.8 mmol/L,自由基清除率超过70%,总酚含量均大于2.8μg/mL,抗氧化能力相对较强,可能与其清热功效有关,其药用价值和保健功能值得关注;黄花蒿、续断、苦参、白芍、莪术和姜黄也表现出一定的抗氧化能力,但作用较弱。相关性分析结果显示,FRAP,DPPH和FC法3种方法间均呈显著正相关,进一步证实多酚类次生代谢物质是试样水提液自由基清除能力及抗氧化能力的重要作用因素。     

五味子根、藤茎及叶不同溶剂提取物对DPPH自由基的清除作用

目的采用DPPH法比较五味子根、藤茎及叶非药用部位的抗氧化活性,同时筛选出最佳提取溶剂,为扩大五味子的入药部位资源提供理论依据。结果五味子根、藤茎及叶均具有抗氧化活性,尤以根的抗氧化效果最好;乙醇为最佳提取溶剂。     

亚热带部分常见芳香油树种鲜叶提取物清除自由基的活性研究

用二苯基苦基苯脱自由基(DPPH)酶标仪法，对亚热带常见的80余种芳香油树种鲜叶80％甲醇提取物的自由基清除活性进行了比较，发现所有树种提取物的自由基清除率都随质量浓度的增加和随着37℃下孵育时间的延长而增大。其中，黄连木、枫香、杨梅、木香花、小果蔷菇等树鲜叶的提取物有很强的自由基清除活性，它们在相当于鲜叶质量浓度为0．5mg／mL、37℃下孵育20min时的自由基清除率分别达90．6％、85．7％、79．1％、62．5％和61．3％。同时，紫楠、湿地松、大果山胡椒、红果山胡椒、月季、刺柏、豹皮樟等也有较强的清除自由基活性，它们在质量浓度为0．5mg／mL时的自由基清除率都在50％以上。这些树种均有较大的开发潜力。     

Homoisoflavanones from Ledebouria floribunda

The bulbs of Ledebouria floribunda (Baker) Jessop have yielded two novel compounds, 7-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-glucopiranosyl]-5-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-chroman-4-one (1) and 7-O-[α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-glucopiranosyl]-5-hydroxy-3-(4′-hydroxybenzyl)-chroman-4-one (2) along with five other known compounds, 5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4′-methoxybenzyl)-chroman-4-one or 3,9-dihidroeucomin (3), 5,7-dihidroxy-6-methoxy-3-(4′-methoxybenzyl)-chroman-4-one (4), 5,7-dihidroxy 3-(4′-hydroxybenzyl)-chroman-4-one or 4,4′-demethyl-3,9-dihydropuctatin (5), 5,7-dihidroxy-3-(4′-hydroxybenzyl)-6-methoxy-chroman-4-one or 3,9-dihydroeucomnalin (6) and 7-hydroxy-3-(4′-hydroxybenzyl)-5-methoxy-chroman-4-one (7). Their structures were elucidated by spectra analysis. The seven homoisoflavanones were found to be antioxidant against DPPH radical and β-carotene/linoleic acid system.     

用清除有机自由基DPPH法评价竹叶挥发油抗氧化能力

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从15种竹叶中提取挥发油,以TBHQ为对照,用DPPH·法研究竹叶挥发油对自由基的清除作用.结果表明,绿竹竹叶挥发油的得率最高为0.637%,而福建茶竿竹竹叶挥发油的得率仅为0.252%,水蒸气蒸馏法适宜于提取竹叶挥发油.15种竹叶挥发油均有一定的抗氧化活性,竹叶挥发油的抗氧化活性与挥发油的浓度呈正相关性.其中银丝竹竹叶挥发油的抗氧化活性最强,,IC50值为3.605 mg·mL-1,绿竹竹叶挥发油的IC50值为4.464 mg·mL-1,短穗竹竹叶挥发油抗氧化活性最低,其IC50值为12.128 mg·mL-1.综合研究结果表明,竹叶挥发油具有较高的应用价值,可作为天然抗氧化剂进一步开发和利用.     

Four new prenylated flavonoids and xanthones from the root bark of Artocarpus nobilis

Chemical investigation of the n-butanol extract from the methanol extract of the root bark of Artocarpus nobilis furnished four new prenylated flavonoids together with artonin E 2'-methylether (4), isoartonin E 2'-methylether (5), dihydroisoartonin E 2'-methylether (6), artonin V 2'-methylether (7), artobiloxanthone (1), artonin E (2) and cycloartobiloxanthone (3). All these compounds showed strong radical scavenging properties towards DPPH radical.     

Antioxidant activity of nine Fabaceae species growing in Serbia and Montenegro

The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant capacity of nine Fabaceae species collected on the mountains of Serbia and Montenegro. Antioxidant assays with various reaction mechanisms were used, including total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values by ABTS radical cation and inhibition of liposome peroxidation. The investigated plants exhibited strong antioxidant capacity in all the tested methods, and among them, Lathyrus binatus, Trifolium pannonicum, and Anthyllis aurea were found to be the most active.     

In vitro antioxidant activity of Argyreia cymosa bark extracts

The Argyreia cymosa bark extracts were subjected to in vitro antioxidant activity with different methods. The petroleum ether extract has shown antioxidant activity in ABTS, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical (by p-NDA) and lipid peroxidation methods. The ethyl acetate extract has shown antioxidant activity in DPPH, H(2)O(2) and hydroxyl radical (by deoxyribose) scavenging methods.     

肌肽对DPPH自由基清除效果的研究

利用稳定自由基DPPH研究了肌肽对自由基的清除效果.试验结果表明,不同浓度的肌肽对DPPH自由基都有显著的清除效果(P<0.01),肌肽的组成成分β-丙氨酸和L-组氨酸清除能力远低于肌肽;在pH 6.3,7.4,8.4情况下肌肽对DPPH的清除能力有所不同,pH 6.3时肌肽清除能力最高;肌肽溶液(100 mmol.L-1)在37,60,100℃加热处理15 min对肌肽清除自由基的活性无显著影响(P>0.05);肌肽溶液在4℃冷藏1-3周,对其清除自由基的性质没有显著影响(P>0.05).