东江中上游3种造林树种的光合-光响应特征

 以东江中上游6年生的山乌桕、枫香和南酸枣为材料,采用LI-COR公司L i-6400光合作用测定系统测定光合、蒸腾、水分利用效率等生理参数及其光响应过程,探讨3树种在自然生境条件下的光合-光响应特征。结果表明:3树种光合-光响应曲线均符合非直角双曲线模型(R2>0.98)和指数模型(R2>0.98);3树种表观量子效率和暗呼吸速率均表现为山乌桕>南酸枣>枫香,山乌桕在弱光下光合能力要高于枫香和南酸枣,但对光合产物消耗大;山乌桕最大净光合速率与枫香、南酸枣间差异显著(0.05);3树种介于阴生植物和阳生植物之间,山乌桕对强光的适应能力较好,对光照强度表现出一定的适应性和可塑性,具有较宽的光照生态幅,对弱光与强光的利用能力较高;3树种净光合速率光响应均值表现为山乌桕>南酸枣>枫香,耗水能力表现为山乌桕>南酸枣>枫香,而水分利用效率表现为枫香>山乌桕>南酸枣。     

桂林青狮潭水库消落带植物物种及其特性

通过野外调查,筛选出适合桂林青狮潭水库消落带植被重建的植物物种钝叶草和硬骨草,并对这两种植物进行了室内培育,重点研究了所选植物根系的力学特性和水污染吸附特性等,结果表明:钝叶草和硬骨草在恶劣的生态环境中都具有很强的生态适应性,但钝叶草对水质的净化作用优于硬骨草,因此桂林青狮潭水库消落带植被重建的植物物种应以钝叶草为主。     

Landscape,Soil, and Plant Analysis of Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) Invasion in the Piedmont Region,SC

Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum), an exotic invasive plant, is native to Southeast Asia. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of Japanese stiltgrass as well as soil and landscape characteristics that correlate with invasion of Japanese stiltgrass around Lake Issaqueena in the upper Piedmont of South Carolina. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) were used to determine the spatial pattern of invasion with respect to the aspect, slope, canopy cover, soils, and distance to roads and trails. Japanese stiltgrass was distributed on both sides of Lake Issaqueena in Pacolet and Madison soil map units (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) on the average slopes of 21%, but it was particularly common on the eastern shore of the lake in low-lying wet and shaded areas (mean canopy cover 51%). In addition, invasion by Japanese stiltgrass was correlated with the proximity to roads and trails. Plant tissue analysis revealed many differences in the distribution of macronutrients, macrominerals, and micronutrients in the leaves, stems, and roots of Japanese stiltgrass, although those differences were not always statistically significant. Concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca) were the highest in leaves while zinc (Zn) concentrations were the highest in stems and concentrations of magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and sodium (Na) tended to be higher in roots. Carbon (C), sulfur (S), and potassium (K) concentrations were generally higher in above-ground tissues versus roots. Soil chemical analysis revealed no statistical differences between control and invaded plots. Our findings suggest that watershed areas surrounding lakes may be particularly susceptible to the invasion of Japanese stiltgrass due to their microclimates, low-lying wet pathways for seed distribution and recreational uses.     

陕北安塞退耕恢复15年刺槐林与自然植被的物种组成与群落特征

为探讨陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕恢复15年后刺槐人工林及自然植被的恢复特征,对安塞县三个流域"退耕还林"后栽植的15年左右刺槐林与林下植被及对应的自然恢复植被进行了调查与分析。结果表明:刺槐林下发现植物60种,隶属于27个科,49个属,以禾本科、菊科、豆科、蔷薇科植物居多;自然植被样地发现植物62种,隶属于21科49属,菊科、豆科和禾本科植物最多;无论刺槐林下还是自然植被,生长型多为一年生草本和多年生草本,水分生态型以旱生和旱中生植物为主,生活型方面地面芽植物占据优势地位;刺槐林下以狗尾草、赖草、牻牛儿苗、铁杆蒿、阿尔泰狗娃花及长芒草等为优势群落,而自然坡面以白羊草、达乌里胡枝子、铁杆蒿、阿尔泰狗娃花、长芒草及草木犀状黄耆等为优势群落;在阳坡自然恢复植被的群落盖度、地上生物量及物种多样性指数显著高于刺槐人工林(p0.05),而在阴坡二者差异不显著;认为在黄土丘陵沟壑区,阳坡刺槐林的植被恢复应考虑到林木生长对林下层的抑制作用,对现存郁闭度过高的林分应及时进行间伐管理以促进下层植被生长,合理进行乔、灌、草的配置,丰富群落层次结构,提升刺槐林生态功能。     

草本园林植物耐盐性研究进展

本文分别对草本园林植物在盐胁迫下植物的形态指标和生理生化指标的反应进行了概述,探求不同植物在盐分胁迫下的适应表现如何,并进一步评价了植物耐盐品种在盐碱地对丰富园林景观起到的作用,以便为盐碱地园林植物景观的建设提供参考,对能够满足于园林绿地景观评价指标体系的构建具有现实意义。     

6-苄氨基嘌呤处理对鲜切荸荠褐变及活性氧代谢的影响

为探究不同浓度6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)处理对鲜切荸荠褐变及活性氧代谢的影响,以桂蹄3号新鲜荸荠为试材,采用浓度分别为100、200、400 mg/L的6-BA浸泡鲜切荸荠3 min,以纯水浸泡处理为对照(CK),测定贮藏过程中总酚、类黄酮、醌、丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量变化以及多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性等相关指标.结果表明:与对照相比,6-BA处理减少了总酚、类黄酮、醌类等呈色物质的积累,进而有效抑制了鲜切荸荠褐变,维持了鲜切荸荠贮藏期间的色泽,同时降低了PPO、POD和PAL等褐变相关酶活性;此外,6-BA处理抑制了鲜切荸荠中MDA和H2O2含量,提高了贮藏期间CAT和SOD活性,进而提升了鲜切荸荠在贮藏期间的品质.通过对比不同浓度6-BA处理效果可知,400 mg/L 6-BA处理在抑制鲜切荸荠褐变及活性氧代谢方面效果最好.     

短花针茅群落主要物种种间关系的研究

应用2×2列联表的χ2检验和Spearman秩相关分析方法对短花针茅群落21个主要物种的种间关系进行了分析.结果表明:呈不显著相关的种对多于呈显著和极显著相关的种对,呈正相关和负相关的种对在所有种对中几乎各占一半;短花针茅群落21个主要物种可划分为三个生态种组,即冷蒿组、狭叶锦鸡儿组和短花针茅组;研究物种种间关系时,Spearman秩相关系数检验具有较高的灵敏度.     

基于无人机遥感与卷积神经网络的草原物种分类方法

基于无人机高光谱成像遥感系统,在400～1 000 nm波段内采集低矮、混杂生长的荒漠草原退化指示物种的高光谱图像信息。分别在退化指示物种的开花期、结实期和黄枯期进行飞行实验,飞行高度30 m,高光谱图像地面分辨率2. 3 cm。采用特征波段提取与深度学习卷积神经网络相结合的方式,提出一种荒漠草原物种水平分类的方法,结合植物物候给出了中国内蒙古中部荒漠草原物种分类的推荐时相,总体分类精度和Kappa系数平均值分别达到94%和0. 91。研究结果表明,无人机高光谱成像遥感技术及深度卷积神经网络可以较好地实现荒漠草原退化指示物种的分类,与基于径向基核函数的支持向量机、基于主成分分析的深度卷积神经网络分类法相比,基于特征波段选择的深度卷积神经网络分类法效果最好,分类精度最高。无人机搭载高光谱成像仪低空遥感和卷积神经网络法提供了一种草原物种水平分类的途径。     

基于无人机高光谱遥感影像的防护林树种分类

树种信息对林业资源监测和管理具有重要意义,及时准确地掌握树种及长势状况是防护林工程建设与效益评价的基础。为研究利用无人机高光谱数据进行防护林树种分类的效果,选取典型区域使用Matrice600型六旋翼无人机搭载Rikola高光谱成像仪获取高光谱影像,基于支持向量机-递归特征消除算法（SVM-RFE）选取原始波段最佳组合,再结合纹理特征、植被指数和数理统计特征,使用随机森林算法对所有特征进行重要性评估并与分类精度相结合进行特征优化,进而构建高光谱影像全波段、原始波段最佳组合、全部特征变量、基于随机森林（RF）特征优化后特征变量4种分类方案,分别采用最大似然法（MLC）、支持向量机（SVM）、随机森林对防护林优势树种进行分类。结果表明：所提出的基于交叉验证的SVM-RFE算法选出的原始波段组合能更好地还原原始光谱特征;通过RF算法的特征重要性分析与分类精度相结合的方法可以有效选出重要特征,当使用全部特征的85%（包括17个光谱特征、3个纹理特征、5个植被指数和3个数理统计特征）进行分类时,总体精度最高为9593%（Kappa系数为0.9475）;所有特征中植被指数特征最重要,3种分类方法中RF算法分类总体精度（OA）最高。     

Polyamines enhance chilling tolerance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through modulating antioxidative system

Cucumber chilling-resistant cultivar Changchun mici and -sensitive cultivar Beijing jietou were used in this study to investigate the effects of exogenous PAs on protection against chilling injury as well as on changes of physiological features, and the fluctuation of free PAs content in the leaves under chilling stress. Upon chilling treatment, free spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put) were remarkably induced in the leaves of cv. Changchun mici 1 day after treatment. The induction of Put declined thereafter, whereas Spd and Spm levels increased steadily. In the leaves of cv. Beijing jietou, Put content was increased only at 1 day after chilling while Spd content decreased significantly upon chilling treatment. Chilling reduced soluble protein content, and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) only in Beijing jietou. However, these changes could be renovated by exogenous application of Put and Spd. It was also found that pretreatment with Put and Spd diminished the increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content caused by chilling in the leaves of both cultivars. Pretreatment of methyglyoxal-bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), the PAs biosynthetic inhibitor cancelled the effects of PAs in most of the treatments. Moreover, histochemical staining and quantitative measurements showed that exogenous application of Put and Spd eliminated but MGBG exaggerated the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation caused by chilling stress, especially in leaves of Beijing jietou. Interestingly, Changchun mici was found to contain higher endogenous free PAs contents compared to Beijing jietou. While no significant difference of SOD, POD and CAT activities was found between non-chilling Changchun mici and Beijing jietou seedlings, the former exhibited higher APX activity than the latter. These results suggest that PAs play important roles in the tolerance of cucumber against chilling stress, which is most likely achieved by acting as oxidative machinery against chilling injury.