北枳椇果渣不溶性膳食纤维的制备及其性能特性研究(英文)

对枳椇果渣不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)的化学法提取工艺、双氧水脱色工艺进行了研究,并对产品的营养成分和功能性质进行分析。通过单因素及正交试验确定最佳的化学法提取工艺为:以液料比为8∶1(mL∶g)、浓度为1.5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液,在20℃条件下处理40min后过滤,冲洗至中性,然后取滤渣转移至液料比为6∶1(mL∶g)、pH值2的硫酸溶液中,60℃下作用60min,冲洗至中性,干燥。不溶性膳食纤维的提取率为74.02%,质量分数由果渣中的62.62%(干基计)提高到84.97%;双氧水脱色的最佳工艺条件为:5%H2O2、pH值12、45℃、5h,在此条件下不溶性膳食纤维的白度由51.63%增加到60.21%;制备的膳食纤维产品的持水力由果渣中2.4g/g增加到4.3g/g、持油率由2.3mL/g增加到3.9mL/g、结合水力由2.6g/g增加到4.7g/g、膨胀力由2.8mL/g增加到4.6mL/g。     

木材纤维对软木制品性能的影响

软木是一种具有特殊性能的珍稀树皮资源。笔者将木材纤维与软木粒子均匀混合后,压制成厚度4mm的软木制品,探索木材纤维对软木制品性能的影响。实验结果显示:木材纤维的加入量为≤20％时,可以明显提高软木试件的抗拉强度,同时试件仍具有优良的可压缩性、较高的回弹率和良好的柔软性。     

东莞峡口大桥加固设计

该文通过东莞市峡口大桥的加固工程,针对该桥检测评估结果提出了有针对性的加固设计方案及措施.经有关部门检测,加固效果良好.     

Determination of fiber length and juvenile and mature wood zones in Acer velutinum Boiss. trees grown in Iran

In our investigation we studied fiber lengths and the transition age from juvenile to mature wood in Acer velutinum Boiss. For this purpose, samples from three normal maple trees at a Noshahr site in northern Iran were selected. Disks were cut at breast height. Test samples were taken along a radial direction from the pith to the bark, accounting for every ring during a 48-year period. We used the Franklin method to distinguish between fibers of juvenile and mature wood. The results show that the fiber length increased along the radial direction from the pith to the bark. The transition age between juvenile and mature wood was determined at the 14th annual ring from the pith.     

鹅掌楸种源试验研究

笔者以湖北省京山县鹅掌楸属种源试验林2个树种鹅掌楸与北美鹅掌楸共20个种源为对象,进行了14 a时的生长和主要木材性状的研究。结果表明:北美鹅掌楸的生长优于鹅掌楸,而木材性状则不及鹅掌楸。在胸径、树高、材积、基本密度和纤维长度5个测试性状中,各种源之间存在显著或者极显著差异,为优良种源的选择奠定了基础。相同试验材料不同试验点的结果存在较大分歧表明:鹅掌楸受到较强的环境因素影响,因此在进行种源选择时必须加以考虑。     

浅谈混凝土结构加固方案的选择

介绍了混凝土加固的各种方法及技术特点、加固原理及其在各类混凝土结构构件加固中的机理作用,阐明在确定加固方案时应综合考虑各种因素,最终选择正确合理的加固方案至关重要。     

硅肥对南方花生产量和品质效应研究

南方土壤由于长期脱硅富铝化过程,土壤中全硅和有效硅的含量均较低,研究硅对提高中国花生的产量对和品质有重要意义。田间试验研究结果表明：花生施用硅肥后,花生增产效果明显,其中以结荚期施用硅肥增产效果大,增产效果在13.5%~25.6%之间,平均增产达20.1%;从施用成本和增产效果综合分析,建议在热带砖红壤地区花生硅肥施用量为30kg/hm2（SiO2）;不同时期施用硅肥对百果重和百仁重的影响效果不同,总的来说低水平的硅[30kg/hm2(SiO2)]的效果好于中高水平。仅在结荚期施用30kg/hm2硅提高花生的百仁重;在下针期和结荚期施用30kg/hm2可提高百果重;基施（30kg/hm2）提高产量的主要原因是增加了单株结荚数;花生施用硅肥后对花生仁的脂肪含量没有明显的影响,花生施硅适宜于食用型品种;花生施用硅肥能明显降低花生成熟期植株的全氮含量;对磷的影响则表现为,基施硅肥90kg/hm2可提高植株中磷的含量,而结荚期追施150kg/hm2的处理降低植株中磷的含量;对钾的影响则表现为复杂的规律,其机理需进一步研究。     

棕色棉纤维中酚类物质动态变化与色素合成的关系

以4种棕色棉和1种白色棉为试验材料,在定性鉴定不同发育阶段棉纤维中酚类物质存在的基础上,定量测定了棉纤维发育过程中酚类物质及与酚类物质代谢有关的多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶活性的变化规律。发现在开花后40 d之前棉纤维都存在着酚类物质。棕色棉各发育时期酚类物质含量均高于白色棉,开花后40 d之后,白色棉纤维中的酚类     

Evaluating Method of the Coordination Deformation between Asphalt Mixture and Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor

The study on the coordination deformation between asphalt mixture and Fiber Bragg Grating strain sensor (FBG) is the precondition and foundation to solve the problem of FBG application in pavement. According to the two kinds of FBG developed recently (they were classified into three categories based on the application features), we designed an accuracy evaluation testing method for FBG and asphalt mixture coordination deformation, and conducted the strain test of asphalt mixture by static loading and dynamic loading. The result indicates that using FBG after strain modification to measure the internal stain of the pavement structure is feasible. Compared with other kinds of sensors, module matching FBG has a better test effect, and this kind of FBG is able to reflect the accumulative deformation of asphalt mixture to some extent.     

Inheritance of fiber quality and lint yield in a chemically mutated population of cotton

The narrow germplasm base of the upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), grown on the Texas high plains historically, has limited improvement of fiber quality. Chemical mutagenesis and subsequent selection have helped the development of lines with improved fiber quality in cultivars adapted to this region. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of improvements in fiber quality. M₃ lines with divergent fiber properties of micronaire, length, and strength were selected from a population of Paymaster HS 200 treated with 3% v/v ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) for two hours. The 115 selected lines of M₄ and M₅ generation were evaluated for fiber quality and lint yield. Regression of the M₄ and M₅ on the M₃ generation, as well as the M₅ on the M₄ was used to generate narrow sense heritability coefficients. Significant variations were observed between the mutant lines in all generations except for lint yield in the M₅ (1997). The highest heritability estimates were found in fiber length (h ²= 0.29** to 0.46**). Micronaire and strength showed intermediate heritability estimates of h ²= 0.14 to 0.19, while lint yield had a very low heritability estimate of h ²= 0.03. Fiber length and strength were correlated (r= 0.58** to 0.46**) in all the three generations. The mutants identified in these studies have the potential to improve fiber quality of upland cotton without introducing alien genes that may reduce adaptation to short growing season production regions.