加利福尼亚兔选育研究

经过对加利福尼亚兔进行３个世代纯种选育后,繁殖性能有了明显的改善。三世代窝产仔数、产活仔数、３５日龄断奶窝重分别为７．７３只、７．３３只、３７３３．６４ｇ,分别较零世代提高１０．４％、１１．６％和６９．８％,在ＣＰ１６．１３％、ＣＦ１４．５％的中等偏下营养条件下,四世代７７日龄体重达１９１５ｇ,３５～７７日龄日增重为２７．１１克,屠宰率达５６．２％,兔群整齐度有明显的改善。     

面向循环经济的畜禽养殖发展思路

本文阐述了循环经济的特征及其运行模式，分析了传统畜禽养殖业的污染现状及其原因，讨论了面向循环经济的畜禽养殖业应遵循的三大原则，即减量化、再利用和资源化，对畜禽养殖技术、废物利用技术进行了探讨，提出畜禽养殖业应该走循环经济的发展模式，通过研制生态饲料及废物综合利用，达到畜禽粪便的减量化、资源化和无害化。     

蒙古族草原游牧文化（Ⅳ）——蒙古族的游牧管理技术

通过查阅资料和调查,总结了蒙古族草原畜牧业生产技术。蒙古族在畜牧业生产时对牲畜的种畜选育、选种选配、抓膘保膘、接羔育羔、剪毛收绒,种畜去势,大畜调驯、烙印标记、防灾保畜等诸方面都有一套完整有序的饲养管理办法。     

Influence of imported sport horses on the genetic evaluation of Swedish Warmblood stallions

There is substantial international influence on the Swedish Warmblood (SWB) sport horse population. The SWB Association suspects that imported horses are pre-selected based on their anticipated performance level, which could lead to biased estimated breeding values (EBVs) for stallions. This study examined different strategies to handle records for imported horses in the genetic evaluation. The stallions were evaluated for 10 traits using 3 different EBV estimation methods that were compared based on ranking comparisons of stallions, accuracy, correlations and absolute differences between EBVs. The results showed that the stallions’ EBVs were affected by imported offspring which, as a group, had higher average scores than horses born in Sweden. Sire EBVs differed by up to 0.6 genetic standard deviation of the trait between methods for stallions with >50% imported offspring. Excluding imported offspring lowered the accuracies and caused larger re-ranking compared with including a fixed effect of origin in the model.     

武威市畜禽粪污土地承载潜力分析

为评估武威市畜禽养殖粪污土地承载潜力,本文按照以地定畜、种养平衡的原则,从畜禽粪污养分供给和土壤粪肥养分需求的角度出发,科学测算了武威市近三年畜禽粪污养分供给量和本区域植物粪肥养分需求量,分析武威市各县区畜禽粪污土地理论承载力和实际承载力差距,推算出潜在承载力,为政府决策、部门制定畜牧业发展规划提供依据。     

南疆绒山羊的培育

南疆白绒山羊是通过对当地山羊的选育和杂交改良，经过近20年的努力育成的。通过本品种选育，横交固定，饲养管理等技术的实施，培育出了体型外貌一致，生产性能高，遗传性能稳定的新品种白绒山羊7．6万余只，并且建成年生产种羊达1000只的种羊生产基地，采取边培育边推广的方法，使阿克苏地区绒山羊平均个体产绒量达175．6g，取得了明显的经济，社会效益。     

特殊粒色小麦在育种中的利用研究进展

介绍了特殊粒色(彩色)小麦的来源,并通过对特殊粒色小麦的品质现状、在小麦育种中的遗传机理及利用研究现状进行分析,提出了彩色小麦产业化开发利用的前景.     

Opportunities for investment into small ruminant breeding programmes in Brazil

The social contribution of goat and sheep industries is very important to many Brazilian families mainly in semi‐arid regions of the country. However, the productive chains of these two species in Brazil are unorganized and ultimately informal. On the other hand, there is potential for growth and development to which an upscaling of breeding programmes will be essential. Historically, many attempts to structure these programmes have been unsuccessful. Inadequate understanding of how to achieve genetic improvement often leading to distributing unsuitable exotic genetics among the producers is one of the reasons for the failure. Another important factor is related to the sources of funding and the priorities for the use of funds. According to the experience and the state of the art in Brazil, the priorities for funding must be in the characterization of the different systems and animal genetic resources, organization of information collection procedures and national databanks, training of technicians and producers and development of system to enable animal evaluation.     

屡配不孕母牛发情开始后八天内血清促黄体素（LH）含量的变化

本实验采用放射免疫测定技术(RIA)分析了9头屡配不孕母牛和6头正常母牛于发情开始后8天内的血清促黄体素(LH)的含量变化。测定结果表明:屡配不孕母牛的LH排卵峰值低于正常母牛,其峰值分别为2.71±1.00ng/ml和4.70±1.71ng/ml,差异显著(P<0.025)。为了初步验证LH峰值与屡配不孕之间的关系,对20头屡配不孕母牛在发情开始至配种前肌肉注射外源性LH180IU,其配种后60天的受胎率为70％(14/20),而未用LH处理的11头屡配不孕母牛的受胎率为18％(2/11),两者差异极显著(P<0.01)。上述实验结果提示:体内LH排卵峰值降低可能是导致乳牛屡配不孕的重要原因之一。     

大花萱草‘金娃娃’的花器结构和繁育系统观察

通过观察,运用杂交指数、花粉/胚珠、花粉及柱头活力、坐果率等指标对大花萱草‘金娃娃’(Hemerocallis hybridus cv.‘Stella de oro’)的花部特征、开花动态及授粉特性等进行研究。在人工栽培条件下,金娃娃萱草5-9月开花,花苔分3～4次抽生,首次开花群体花期32 d,单苔花期9～16 d,单花花期1 d。雄蕊短于花柱,花药与柱头相差2.71 cm,在花朵开放的整个过程中雌、雄蕊的相对位置始终不变。开花前1 d的花粉活力最强,开花前1 d和开花当天的柱头具有较强的可授性。杂交指数为4,花粉/胚珠值为1 164,结合坐果率,可以判断其繁育系统属于兼性异交,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者。特殊的花部结构、缺少传粉者和花期短可能是金娃娃萱草结实率较低的原因。