NaCl胁迫对甜、爆、糯玉米幼苗生长及活性氧代谢的影响

以3种不同的特用玉米(沈糯6号、沈爆3号、沈甜6号)为试材,设置5个梯度的NaCl盐溶液(0、50、100、150、200mmol/L)进行盐胁迫处理,测定玉米幼苗的生长量、干物质积累量、质膜透性、活性氧代谢等的变化。结果表明,随着NaCl盐浓度的增加,植株生长量明显降低,单株鲜重、干重均明显降低,干物质积累减少,电导率不同程度地增大,丙二醛含量逐渐升高;超氧阴离子(O2-)产生速率在各处理间差异显著,随着处理浓度的增大,O2-产生速率也显著增加;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在3个品种间变化不同;过氧化物酶活性(POD)在沈糯6号和沈甜6号间表现为逐渐上升,而沈爆3号先上升后下降;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在3个品种间均在150mmol/L时达到最大。从总体上看,耐盐能力相对较强的是沈糯6号,较弱的是沈甜6号。     

玉米大豆间混种植对大豆产量和品质的影响

采用三因素随机区组设计,通过2个玉米品种和5个大豆品种间行和同穴混种的方式,研究大豆产量性状、蛋白质含量和脂肪含量的变化.结果表明:玉米品种、大豆品种和种植方式影响大豆产量,但差异不显著.玉米品种和大豆品种的组合对大豆单株产量有显著影响,登海11玉米与南豆12大豆组合的大豆单株产量最高.大豆品种和种植方式的组合对单株产...     

Modification of aqueous enzymatic oil extraction to increase the yield of corn oil from dry fractionated corn germ

In previous aqueous enzymatic oil extraction (AEOE) experiments we reported a best free oil yield of 49% of the hexane extracted yield of dry fractionated corn germ. In the current experiments, a dispersion of 10% cooked, dry-fractionated germ in water was treated with α-amylase, glucoamylase and a cellulase complex. Free oil was collected by centrifuging a foam fraction of the dispersion. Several dispersion treatments were tried to evaluate their release of free oil and effect on the production of foam. The foam contained up to 8% free oil (dispersed from germ containing 26% oil) and fines oil (not centrifugally separable), protein and germ particles. Treatment with α-amylase and glucoamylase prior to treatment with the commercial cellulase used in previous AEOE studies increased the free oil yields about 25-61% of the hexane-extractable yield. A preliminary cost analysis indicates that oil separation with the amylase enhanced AEOE appears to be preferable to AEOE alone and profitable if crude corn oil cost exceeds $1.1/kg ($0.50/lb).     

Evaluating the potential of wine-making residues and corn cobs as support materials for cell immobilization for ethanol production

Three wine-making residues (grape seeds, skins and stems), and corn cobs were evaluated as support material for immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the ethanol production by the immobilized cells was assessed. The main objective of this study was to find an abundant and low cost material suitable for the cells immobilization and able to be used in a next step of wine production by immobilized yeast cells. The four natural materials were used as support in two different forms: untreated, and treated by a sequence of acid and basic reactions. Untreated grape skin and corn cobs provided the highest cell immobilization results (25.1 and 22.2 mg cells/g support, respectively). The maximum ethanol production yield (about 0.50 g/g) was also obtained when the cells were immobilized in these untreated materials. It was also found that the support materials released nutrients to the medium, which favored the yeast development and the ethanol production. The use of immobilized cells systems under agitated conditions gave ethanol yields similar to those obtained by the static fermentations, but the immobilized cell concentration was significantly lower. In brief, static fermentation with cells immobilized on grape skins or corn cobs appear to be an interesting alternative for use on wine-making. The use of grape skins, particularly, which is a by-product of the wine elaboration, could be of larger interest to obtain an integrated wine production process with by-product reuse.     

中早熟玉米品种淀粉积累规律的研究

对黑龙江省东部淀粉加工企业常用的4个高淀粉中早熟玉米品种授粉后第18～63d时的淀粉含量进行分析。结果表明:中早熟玉米在授粉后第18～63d时的灌浆过程中,淀粉的积累呈上升趋势,而积累速率呈下降趋势。第18～23d淀粉积累速率最快,第28～48d增长速率较平稳。海玉8在第43d淀粉含量基本达到峰值,其余品种在第48d基本达到峰值。     

Evaluation of corn plant as potential banker plant for supporting predatory gall midge, Feltiella acarisuga (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in greenhouse vegetable production

The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most important and highly polyphagous pests of vegetables and other crops worldwide. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse to evaluate corn (Zea mays L.) as a banker plant for the predatory gall midge, Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) to potentially control T. urticae. Choice and no-choice experiments were carried out to determine the host plant preference of an alternative prey, Oligonychus pratensis (Banks)(Acari: Tetranychidae) to corn and green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Results showed that O. pratensis adults strongly preferred corn as a host plant and posed no risk to green bean. F. acarisuga was found to fly at least 7.0 m to search for new preys on green bean plants, and over 176 F. acarisuga larvae per leaf were recorded at 14 d after dispersal. F. acarisuga proved to be an excellent predator of both T. urticae and O. pratensis. The predation by F. acarisuga to T. urticae and O. pratensis ranged from 43.7 to 67.9% and 59.2 to 90.3%, respectively, under laboratory conditions. In a non-cage study, 81.2% of T. urticae population was suppressed by F. acarisuga in reference to the control (cage treatment). The results showed that this banker plant system has potential for controlling T. urticae in greenhouse vegetable production.     

不同玉米品种在攀西地区的适应性研究

实验通过登海605、正红311、成单30等15个不同玉米品种在盐源的栽培,在生育时期方面,川单418、凉单4号、登海605较早熟。性状和产量对比上,神珠7号、登海605、川单418、先玉508均在15 000 kg/hm2以上,适应性好,可以在攀西地区进一步实验示范推广;对于产量达13 500 kg/hm2以上的品种成单30、正红311、临奥9号、民玉米1号可以进一步实验。除中单9409和京单28两品种外,其余所有品种产量均超过对照凉单4号。     

紧凑型玉米自交系D34的选育与评价

紧凑型玉米自交系D34是以丹340自交系的变异株选育而成的旅系。与P群杂交,所配组合大多属晚熟稀植大穗型品种;与Reid、Lan.杂交,所配组合大多属晚熟、中晚熟杂交种。D34自交系用途多样、配合力高、适应性广,是广为应用的优良自交系之一。     

本试验结果表明:从吉林省农业科学院引进的玉米杂交种四单19在西藏林芝和拉萨均可种植,其经济产量和生物产量均较高;在西藏林芝首次进行四单19(吉444×Mo17)玉米杂交种繁育制种试验,初步取得了成功,在933 m2土地上生产出95.2 kg杂交种和74.2 kg父本自交系。

本试验结果表明:从吉林省农业科学院引进的玉米杂交种四单19在西藏林芝和拉萨均可种植,其经济产量和生物产量均较高;在西藏林芝首次进行四单19(吉444×Mo17)玉米杂交种繁育制种试验,初步取得了成功,在933 m²土地上生产出95.2 kg杂交种和74.2 kg父本自交系。     

Comparative study of conventional and microwave-assisted liquefaction of corn stover in ethylene glycol

A comparative study on conventional and microwave-assisted liquefaction of corn stover has been carried out using ethylene glycol (EG) as liquefacient and sulfuric acid as catalyst. Microwave dramatically increased the liquefaction extent and rate compared to conventional heating. The liquefied products and residues in both methods have been investigated using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The GPC results show that the molecular weight of liquefied products with conventional heating is significantly greater than those of microwave-assisted liquefaction. The FTIR spectra indicate that there are significant differences in the hydroxyl and carbonyl group contents in the liquefied products with the two methods. The residue from microwave-assisted liquefaction mainly consisted of mineral matter. Many granules appeared on the surface of microwave liquefied residue according to SEM observation.