化隆县林草地鼠虫害调查及防治

就化隆县林草地带鼠虫害发生及防治情况进行了总结,指出了存在的问题,并就今后防治情况提出了建议。     

谷物干燥仿人智能控制系统

针对具有非线性、大滞后和复杂性等特点的谷物干燥过程,研究了一种连续式谷物干燥机的仿人智能控制系统。利用出机粮食含水率偏差以及偏差的变化率作为控制器输入,控制器可根据含水率偏差的极值在线调整比例增益,进而输出排粮电动机期望转速。应用虚拟仪器开发平台LabVIEW和数据采集卡并结合传感器,设计出了该智能控制器的软件和硬件系统。试验结果基本符合仿人智能控制规则,表明该控制器的实时有效性较好。     

并联混合动力飞机牵引车控制系统设计与试验

分析了并联混合动力飞机牵引车的动力系统结构及工作模式,对目前主要的两种并联混合动力控制策略进行了分析比较,详细阐述了控制系统硬件及软件系统的设计方法,该控制系统在模拟工况测试试验中达到了预期的控制效果。     

表面式永磁同步电机电动助力转向控制原理分析

设计的电动助力转向表面式永磁同步电机变频调速系统由永磁同步电机、逆变器、转子位置检测装置和控制单元构成。表面式永磁同步电机电动助力转向系统的控制包括扭矩控制和矢量控制。扭矩控制是表面式永磁同步电机电动助力转向系统控制目标,矢量控制是对表面式永磁同步电机定子电流矢量的控制。阐明了表面式永磁同步电机电动助力转向系统的控制过程,分析了表面式永磁同步电机电动助力转向控制系统的助力特性设置、坐标变换和脉宽调制技术。     

灰胸突鳃金龟子在樱桃园的发生规律及综合防治

为探明灰胸突鳃金龟子幼虫在土壤中全年的垂直移动动态、成虫的出土时期、药剂防治的最佳时期,作者于2019年对其进行研究。结果表明,其幼虫具有明显的垂直移动规律,在81~100 cm土层中越冬;在0~20 cm土层内集中分布区,用毒辛200倍或白僵菌50倍液灌根,防治效果分别达80.0%、42.6%;在其成虫的出土盛期,用药剂防治或者增加杀虫灯的数量,可减少成虫产卵数量。     

嘉定地区杨树主要食叶性害虫发生与防治技术研究

介绍了杨树舟蛾、潜叶蛾和叶甲3类食叶害虫部分种类的生活史、习性及危害特点;对新一类杀虫剂进行了药剂筛选试验,结果表明,印楝素、甲胺基阿维菌素等杀虫剂效果优异,并分别提出了这3类食叶性害虫的综合防治方法。     

十堰猕猴桃溃疡病病原鉴定及防治试验

由丁香假单孢杆菌猕猴桃致病性变种侵染引起的猕猴桃溃疡病严重影响了各地猕猴桃的生长,为明确鄂西北猕猴桃溃疡病病原形态及生物型,筛选合适的杀菌剂,探索避雨栽培对其病害的控制效果,为防治病害提供科学依据。采用形态学和分子生物学技术鉴定猕猴桃溃疡病病原菌及生物型,使用抑菌圈法筛选15种杀菌剂对其抑制效果,调查避雨栽培和露天不同情况下猕猴桃溃疡病的发病率、病情指数和防治效果。结果表明,通过形态特征、16S rDNA及特异性引物鉴定到的菌株K-2为Psa,生物型为biovar 3。室内毒力测试筛选到7种药剂对猕猴桃溃疡病菌有抑制效果,避雨栽培对猕猴桃溃疡病菌的防治效果可以达到58.06%,通过在避雨栽培下施用50%氯溴异氰尿酸可溶粉剂防治猕猴桃溃疡病,防治效果高达83.87%,说明避雨栽培对猕猴桃溃疡病具有较好的防治效果。     

我国农业面源污染治理技术研究进展

随着我国经济社会的进一步发展,农业面源污染已经成为造成我国环境污染尤其是水环境污染的主要因素,农业面源污染治理技术的研究也越来越得到政府和科技工作者的重视。本文重点介绍了当前我国农业面源污染的状况、农业面源污染的成因及特征,并从农村生活污水的治理技术、农村生活垃圾的处理处置技术、农田径流生态拦截技术以及包括化肥减量化技术和农药减量化与残留控制技术为主的农业化学品减量使用技术等方面介绍了我国农业面源污染治理研究的发展现状,提出未来我国农业面源污染治理的系统控制思想和相关技术研究的趋势,包括系统控制与区域治理结合、技术研发与工程示范结合、面源污染控制与管理结合及建立健全国家级农业面源污染监测评价与预警体系等。     

茶园绿盲蝽防治指标研究

为解决绿盲蝽严重为害春茶、防治指标空缺的问题,根据田间绿盲蝽若虫为害特征,对若虫的田间计数方法进行研究;利用田间试验,测算在不同绿盲蝽虫口密度下,茶鲜叶的经济损失率,并结合日照茶区绿盲蝽防治费用和茶鲜叶收益分析,确定日照茶区以虫口密度为测度的绿盲蝽防治指标。结果表明,绿盲蝽在茶丛的活动范围,受到鲜叶密度的影响。鲜叶密度大的茶园,一般在小范围内取食;鲜叶密度小的茶园,在略大的范围内取食。但是无论哪种茶园,其取食活动的茶丛横向范围都在一个不超过直径70cm的圆内。采摘单芽的区域,绿盲蝽防治指标应为0.99头/千梢;采摘一芽一叶的区域,绿盲蝽防治指标应为1.08头/千梢;采摘一芽一二叶的区域,绿盲蝽防治指标应为1.48头/千梢。以田间绿盲蝽虫口密度为测度的防治指标,具有很高的准确性,为防治费用和茶鲜叶收益与日照类似的茶园提供了科学依据,但由于绿盲蝽若虫田间一般呈聚集分布,且刚孵化若虫虫体较小,而且生活较隐蔽,不易被发现,应采取多次观察计数的方法,确定虫口密度。     

Dietary protein for young grazing sheep: Interactions with gastrointestinal parasitism

Effects of protein supplementation and of nematode control on production responses in young grazing sheep and on nematode population dynamics were assessed. Young Merino wether sheep (n = 270) were allocated to one of three supplementation (Su) treatments and one of three regimes of nematode control (drench, Dr) in a factorial design. Each of the nine treatments was replicated three times in a randomised complete block. Animals received no supplement (SuO) or were given supplements at a level equivalent to 200 g day⁻¹, fed three times a week. The supplements contained 25% lucerne meal with either 75% sunflower meal (Su1) or 75% formaldehyde-treated sunflower meal (Su2). Nematode control regimes were: not drenched unless survival of individual animals was threatened (DrO); drenched according to a strategic drenching programme (Dr1); treatment with a controlled-release albendazole capsule (Dr2). Infections with Haemonchus contortus were suppressed by use of closantel. Due to drought conditions and lack of pasture growth, lucerne hay was fed to all sheep from Week 14 onwards (350 g per head per day, fed twice a week). Supplementation reduced the need for ‘survival drenching’ in Dr0 sheep considerably. Live-weight gain was increased significantly by supplementation with Su1 or Su2 during the 36-week experiment. Undrenched animals given Su1 or Su2 tended to grow faster than unsupplemented animals in the Dr1 and Dr2 groups. Greasy wool production and fibre diameter were increased by supplementation and anthelmintic treatment. Faecal worm egg counts (FEC) in undrenched sheep were significantly lower for Su1 and Su2 sheep than for Su0 sheep. There were no effects of supplementation on FEC in Dr1 or Dr2 sheep. Worm burden was generally unaffected by supplementation, while the drenching treatments Dr1 and Dr2 reduced worm burden at Week 16 and to a lesser extent at Week 27. Trichostrongylus colubriformis was the predominant nematode species, with smaller numbers of Nematodirus spp., Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Trichostrongylus axei and Ostertagia circumcincta also present. It was concluded that supplementary feeding with protein meal substantially reduced production losses attributable to nematode infections in young grazing sheep. This appears to be due to an enhanced resilience of the host, rather than any major changes in development of protective immunity.