华东IT产业集群分析

通过分析华东IT产业集群的形成机理和特点,提出了IT产业集群的可持续发展问题,并对此进行了论述和建议。     

Applications of reduced tillage in hills of central Nepal

Conventional tillage practices on steep and fragile landscape of Himalayan hills result in significant loss of topsoil during rainy season. Soil erosion in Nepal mid-hills is the most critical during pre-monsoon season. Many reviews argue that reduced tillage could be an option to tackle this problem. However, very few field experiments to evaluate reduced tillage systems have to date been conducted in this region. Thus, a field experiment was initiated in factorial randomized complete block design on acidic sandy loam soil (Lithic Dystochrept) during the summer season of 2001 at Kathmandu University (1500 masl) to assess the effects of tillage and cropping patterns on soil and nutrient losses, crop yield and soil fertility. Two main treatments viz. conventional and reduced till, and two sub-treatments viz. sole maize (Zea mays) and maize + soybean (Glycine max) were considered. Soil organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (N), plant available phosphorus (P) and exchangeable potassium (K) were determined for the original soil and eroded sediment using standard methods. Two years of data indicated annual soil and nutrient losses to be significantly lowered by reduced till as compared to conventional till. Total annual soil loss from conventional and reduced till was 16.6 and 11.1 Mg/ha, respectively. Similarly, annual nutrient losses associated with the eroded sediment were 188 kg OC/ha, 18.8 kg N/ha, <1 kg P/ha and 3.8 kg K/ha for conventional till and 126 kg OC/ha, 11.8 kg N/ha, <1 kg P/ha and 2.4 kg K/ha for reduced till. Soil OC and N losses were significantly higher in conventional till and this may be one of the major causes of fertility depletion in the Nepalese hills. Soil chemical properties did not differ due to tillage and cropping systems; however, over years pH, N and P were increased irrespective of treatments. Although treatments were at par for maize grain yield, conventional till + soybean produced highest grain yield (4.0 Mg/ha) followed by reduced till + soybean (3.9 Mg/ha) and conventional till sole maize (3.8 Mg/ha). Mixed cropping of legumes and maize do not help conserve soil and nutrient loss in hills of central Nepal. Thus, reduced till could be a viable option for minimizing soil and nutrient losses without sacrificing economic yields in central hills of Nepal.     

华北平原典型农田CO2和N2O排放通量及其与土壤养分动态和施肥的关系

对华北平原小麦-棉花(麦棉)、小麦-大豆(麦豆)、小麦-玉米(麦玉)轮作田的CO2和N2O排放通量进行了测定,分析了温室气体排放通量与土壤中碳、氮元素、气温以及施肥等之间的关系。主要结论:1)麦棉、麦豆、麦玉田的土壤CO2平均排放通量分别为CO2-C 141.7、109.8、128.2 mg.m-2.h-1,其中夏播作物的排放通量高于小麦季;2)麦棉、麦豆及麦玉田作物生长季的土壤N2O平均排放通量分别为N2O-N 98.8、38.9、44.7μg.m-2.h-1,也表现为麦后季作物的排放量高于小麦季;3)同一生育期中不同处理的N2O排放主要与土壤中无机氮含量相关,不同生育期的N2O排放通量主要受不同生育期的土壤温度及水分状况的影响;4)在施肥灌溉后的9 d内土壤N2O排放通量较高,之后逐渐降低,至施肥后22～27 d即与不施肥处理的排放持平。     

生物有机肥改良连作土壤及烤烟生长发育的效应

以蚯蚓肥和有效微生物制剂堆置发酵制成生物有机肥,采用盆栽试验研究了生物有机肥和化肥按不同配比混合施用后对烤烟生长发育及植烟土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,施肥显著促进烤烟的生长发育,以生物有机肥比例为50%时最佳,70%次之,同时生物有机肥比例为50%时烤烟产量最高;纯生物有机肥施用后烤烟的生长指标和产量均优于纯化肥处理;生物有机肥比例为30%～50%时可以促进烤烟对氮素、钾素的吸收,更有利于优质烟叶的生产;施用生物有机肥可显著提高连作土壤的pH值、有机质含量和碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾的含量。     

丘陵区小麦预留行玉米机直播研究

本研究引进三种播种机,对小麦预留行进行玉米播种试验,通过对宜播性、播种质量、出苗率、播种效率等进行比较研究认为:电子精量播种机能保证每穴播种1粒种子,宜播性依次为圆粒型、半马齿型、马齿型。手推式播种机能开沟、播种、盖种一体化,播种效率高,较适宜在丘陵区应用。     

榆树市玉米宽窄行倒茬平作耕作模式的研究分析及其关键配套机具的探讨

榆树是全省农业机械化重点县(市).文章通过阐述榆树市玉米宽窄行倒茬平作耕作模式、播种方式及深松追肥、对土壤生态属性的影响,分析并探讨榆树市玉米宽窄行倒茬平作耕作模式及关有玉米收割机配套选型的注意事项.     

春小麦、胡萝卜复种栽培技术研究

春小麦下茬复种胡萝卜栽培模式可提高单位面积土地利用率,促进农民增产增收。从品种选择、栽培过程、田间管理和收获几方面介绍春小麦、胡萝卜复种栽培技术的操作要点,以期为该栽培模式的大面积推广应用提供技术支持。     

春小麦留茬处理对复种油菜产量和水分利用效率的影响

为了减少麦茬焚烧、控制麦茬焚烧污染及提高留茬的利用效率,2009年7－10月在石羊河绿洲灌区进行不同留茬处理（焚烧、翻耕和立茬免耕）对麦茬复种油菜的研究。结果表明,与休闲地相比,立茬免耕复种油菜可获得利润 3?275元/hm2;焚烧、翻耕（传统耕作）和立茬免耕处理的油菜籽粒产量分别为1?549、1?331和1?222 kg/hm2,水分利用效率分别为5.73、3.81和5.71 kg/hm2/mm,经济效益分别为4?485、2?929和3?275元/hm2;仅从作物籽粒产量、水分利用效率和经济效益等方面考虑,秸秆焚烧处理达到最大值, 这就是焚烧屡禁不止的原因。尽管传统耕作的油菜籽粒产量高于立茬免耕,但传统耕作的水分利用效率和经济效益显著低于立茬免耕。立茬免耕具有环保、相对较高水分利用效率和经济效益等效果,尤其有利于环境保护和旱地农作,值得大面积推广。结合大田推广示范研究成果,提出适宜于石羊河绿洲灌区的留茬免耕机械直播复种油菜技术。     

Comparison of water manometry to 2 commercial electronic pressure monitors for central venous pressure measurement in horses

Background: Central venous pressure (CVP) customarily has been measured in veterinary patients with water manometry. However, many institutions are now using stallside electronic monitors in both anesthesia and intensive care units for many aspects of patient monitoring. Hypothesis: Electronic stall side monitoring devices will agree with water manometry for measurement of CVP in horses. Animals: Ten healthy adult horses from the university research herd. Methods: Central venous catheters were placed routinely, and measurements were obtained in triplicate with each of the 3 methods every 12 hours for 3 days. Data were analyzed by a Lin concordance correlation coefficient and modified Bland‐Altman limits of agreement, with all devices compared pairwise. Results: Compared with water manometry, agreement (bias) of the Passport was ?1.94 cmH₂O (95% limits of agreement, ?8.54 to 4.66 cmH₂O) and of the Medtronic was ?1.83 cmH₂O (95% limits of agreement, ?8.60 to 4.94 cmH₂O). When compared with the Passport, agreement of the data obtained with the Medtronic was 0.27 cmH₂O (95% limits of agreement, ?4.39 to 4.93 cmH₂O). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These data show that both electronic monitors systematically provide measurements that are approximately 2 cmH₂O lower than water manometry, but differences between the 2 electronic devices are small enough (< 0.5 cmH₂O) to be considered clinically unimportant. This discrepancy should be taken into account when interpreting data obtained with these monitoring devices.     

大棚蔬菜连作对土壤酶活性影响的研究

以连作4～5 a不同蔬菜0～20 cm根系土壤为材料,采用比色法测定脲酶活性,高锰酸钾滴定法测定过氧化氢酶活性,研究大棚蔬菜连作土壤酶的活性.结果表明:采自同一地区同一连作年限不同蔬菜的土壤中,脲酶差异性显著,过氧化氢醇差异不显著,连作对酶活性的影响与连作年限有关.