Influence of nutrition on the lipid quality of pond fish: common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tench (Tinca tinca)

Like marine fish freshwater fish are an important source of essential fatty acids for human nutrition. However, the fatty acid composition of pond fish can vary considerably and strongly depends on that of the ingested food. Investigations on the fatty acid composition of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tench (Tinca tinca) have shown that different methods of rearing and feeding cause substantial variations in the proportions of the n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids of these fish species. Carp reared on the basis of natural food in ponds exhibit high contents of n-6 as well as n-3 fatty acids in their muscle triacylglycerols. On the other hand carp fed supplementary wheat in ponds resulted in somewhat lower levels of these essential fatty acids. High amounts of n-3 fatty acids can be found in carp fed high-energy diets containing high levels of fish oil. Analogous results were obtained in experiments with tench reared under different nutritional conditions. While rearing on the basis of only natural food in ponds as well as feeding supplementary wheat yielded in similar levels of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, higher contents of n-3 fatty acids were recorded in tench fed pellets. High levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in foodstuffs have positive effects on human health. Experiments with different cultured fish species proved that the fatty acid composition of the edible parts can be influenced by the diet. Therefore, a finishing diet with a suitable fatty acid profile can be used to improve the nutritional quality of fish products of farmed origin.     

黄河源区黑土滩人工草地牧草植物量及营养动态研究

对黄河源区黑土滩人工草地在封育和放牧两种不同管理方式下,从8月到翌年的4月进行了地上植物量及牧草营养成分动态研究,结果表明:从8月到翌年4月牧草的自然损失量为138.7g/m~2,损失率为34.3%,家畜的采食量为174.9g/m~2,草地的实际利用率为43.3%;整个冷季牧草总体营养价值呈下降趋势,封育草地粗蛋白降低了56.87%,粗脂肪降低了51.09%。该类草地在夏季属碳氮营养型(CN),冬季属碳营养型(C)。     

民办高职院校饲料与动物营养专业模块化实训教学体系的构建

近年来,我国民办高职院校迅猛发展,已经成为高职教育中一支不可忽视的生力军。民办高职院校教学的实训、实习以及校企合作正在摸索阶段。文章以饲料与动物营养专业为例,探讨民办高职院校模块化实训教学体系的构建。     

Feeding,growth and environmental requirements of Arctic charr: a review of aquaculture potential

Interest in the cultivation of Arctic charr arose during the 1970s, and research into charr farming was instigated in the Nordic countries and in Canada. Most work has been conducted on fish from anadromous populations, although land-locked freshwater populations of Arctic charr have also received attention. Research has also been carried out in the British Isles and in the alpine regions of central Europe, where land-locked populations of charr. Small-scale commercial farming is now carried out in several countries of northern Europe and North America, and charr are reared for restocking purposes in a number of countries.Growth of charr is rapid during the early freshwater rearing stages, and quite good rates of growth can be achieved at low water temperatures. Growth may be submaximal if charr are reared in systems designed for other salmonids, and problems may arise when charr are held at low stocking densities. Growth and food conversion can be improved by exposing the fish to water currents, forcing them to swim at moderate speeds. Growth in seawater has been reported as being highly variable, probably as a result of the use of inappropriate rearing techniques and owing to the seasonal changes in the hypo-osmoregulatory ability of the charr.Prospects for aquaculture development and areas requiring further research effort are briefly discussed.     

海南中部山区植被演变阶段植物物种多样性与群落结构多样性变化规律

以海南中部山区的草地、灌丛、次生林和原始林为演替系列,研究植被演替过程中群落结构多样性与物种多样性的变化规律。结果表明,群落演替过程中植物科属种数、总体Shannon-Wiener指数和Margalef指数、乔灌木层的Shannon-Wiener指数和Margalef指数及垂直结构多样性指数都显著增大;群落结构多样性指数分别与群落植物科属种数、总体alpha物种多样性指数、灌木层和乔木层物种alpha多样性指数都显著正相关。通过恢复演替,植被复杂性和质量都呈增大趋势。     

辽宁省百合属植物资源分布及用途

介绍辽宁省百合属植物的概况,总结辽宁实地调查发现的垂花百合、大花卷丹、卷丹、轮叶百合、毛百合、山丹、渥丹等7种百合的用途、分布、主要伴生植物及群落特点,为百合的应用提供借鉴。     

天津市3座水库大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系(英文)

[目的]研究天津市3座水库大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系。[方法]2011年5月、7月、9月分别对天津市于桥水库、北大港水库、尔王庄水库的14个采样点的大型底栖动物进行调查,分析各水库大型底栖动物物种多样性状况,并评价各水库的水质情况。[结果]所有采样点共采集到大型底栖动物22种,其中水生昆虫6种,软体动物7种,甲壳类2种,寡毛类7种。于桥水库5月、7月、9月大型底栖动物的种类分别为11种、8种、10种,大型底栖动物的平均密度和平均生物量分别为132.43 ind./m2、50.09 g/m2;采用Margalef物种丰富度指数d值、Shannon多样性指数(H)和Pielou均匀度指数综合评价,于桥水库为轻-中度污染。北大港水库5月、7月、9月种类分别为5种、5种、5种。大型底栖动物的平均密度和平均生物量分别为218ind./m2、2.70 g/m2;采用物种丰富度指数d值、Shannon多样性指数H值和均匀度指数综合评价,北大港水库为重度污染。尔王庄水库5月、7月、9月大型底栖动物的种类分别为3种、5种、5种。大型底栖动物的平均密度和平均生物量分别为104 ind./m2、0.20 g/m2;采用物种丰富度指数d值、Shannon多样性指数H值和均匀度指数综合评价,结果表明尔王庄水库为中度污染。[结论]三座水库均受到了富营养化污染,污染程度为:北大港水库尔王庄水库于桥水库。     

“社区支持农业”产销科普一体化模式研究--以广州“神农田园”农场为例

随着社会食品安全问题频发,对安全食品的需求与日俱增,在这种矛盾关系下,＂社区支持农业＂模式应运而生。该文从＂社区支持农业＂的概念及其模式中的产销与安全健康、科教一体化模式进行论述,并进行分析。     

优质、抗热同源四倍体不结球白菜的创制及鉴定

以二倍体抗热不结球白菜品种‘依伶’为材料,用不同浓度秋水仙素溶液处理子叶期生长点,对变异株进行倍性鉴定,研究不同倍性水平的营养品质、农艺学性状以及抗热性。结果表明：（1）0.2％秋水仙素处理4次的效果最好,四倍体加倍率为7.64％。与二倍体相比,叶片长和宽、叶柄长和宽、花器官、气孔、花粉粒、叶重、柄重、开展度、单株重均增加或增大,但结实率明显降低,以上指标差异均达显著或极显著水平。流式细胞仪及染色体鉴定四倍体DNA含量、染色体数目均为二倍体的2倍。小区产量比二倍体高出12.62％;（2）四倍体叶片和叶柄中可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白、干物质分别增加了7.32％、74.85％,3.91％、17.22％,1.94％、4.89％,有机酸降低了22.56％、25.00％,差异显著;（3）热胁迫下,二、四倍体不结球白菜叶片的MDA、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量均增加,恢复期内含量都降低,但二倍体MDA、游离脯氨酸含量一直高于四倍体,可溶性蛋白低于四倍体。四倍体表现出优质、抗热的特点。