小麦4B染色体上LOX基因的等位变异及其区域分布

为了解中国不同麦区小麦种质资源籽粒脂肪氧化酶（lipoxygenase,LOX）活性相关基因TaLox-B1的差异和分布,利用小麦4B染色体上的功能标记LOX16和LOX18对7个麦区的436份种质资源进行分子检测。结果表明：在供试材料中共检测到3种TaLox-B1基因等位变异类型,分别为TaLox-B1a（与高LOX活性相关)、TaLox-B1b（与低LOX活性相关）和杂合型,其频率分别为19.0％、70.4％和10.6％。小麦LOX活性基因不同变异类型在各生态区的分布存在明显差异：基因型TaLox-B1a在黄淮冬麦区、北部冬麦区和长江中下游冬麦区分布较多,其比例分别为21.1%、19.8%和17.6%;基因型TaLox-B1b在西南冬麦区和长江中下游冬麦区分布较多,比例分别为87.9%、72.5%;杂合型仅存在于北部冬麦区、黄淮冬麦区与长江中下游冬麦区,比例分别为14.2%、12.4%和9.8%。利用标记LOX16和LOX18对53个自选高代品系进行分子检测,发现自选品系仅有TaLox-B1b与杂合型两种基因型,其中基因型TaLox-B1ab有32个,比例为60.4%。采用分子标记辅助选择,有利于快速鉴定小麦籽粒LOX活性,加速LOX的遗传改良和新品种选育。     

The Effect of Detopping the Field Bean Plants (Vicia faba L. minor) and Lack of the Pod Setting on the Symbiosis with Root Nodule Bacteria

The plants of field bean var. Nadwiślaνski were detopped after about 1 month since the beginning of flowering and after that all flower buds were removed from some plants. The effect of a change in the trophic balance on the setting and subsequent growth of root nodules was studied.
The removal of pods had the greater effect on the increase in the weight of the remaining organs than the detopping of plants. Detopping retarded the ageing of the plants and delayed the phase of the greatest reduction of the number of pods. The detopping of plants revealed their considerable compensative possibilities in terms of production of the pod weight and the potential of leaves for biomass production. The data obtained indicate that plant detopping may disturb the root–bacteria exchange of signals, necessary to initiate the nodule development, while the further growth of nodules depends, above all, on the amount of available photosynthates.
A very high correlation between the dry weight of the whole plant to the dry weight of leaves ratio and the weight of nodules was observed. It proves the importance of the trophic balance of the plant for the root nodule weight production.     

Genetic variability within Phaeoisariopsis griseola from Central America and its implications for resistance breeding of common bean

The genetic and virulence variability of 112 isolates of Phaeoisariopsis griseola , collected from various locations in Central America, were studied using seven random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and 12 common-bean differential genotypes. Broad molecular diversity ( H  = 0·92) among isolates was found using RAPD markers. Fifty pathotypes were identified on 12 differential bean genotypes, 29 of which were represented by only one isolate. Only 18 pathotypes were found in two or more countries. Pathotype 63-63 was the most virulent and caused leaf spots on all 12 common-bean differential genotypes. Comparison of virulence phenotypes and RAPD profiles to known Andean P. griseola isolates confirmed that all isolates belonged to the Mesoamerican group. Pairwise comparison between individual RAPD loci showed that the majority were in gametic phase linkage disequilibrium, revealing that P. griseola maintains a genetic structure that is consistent with asexual reproduction. The molecular and virulence diversities of P. griseola isolates from Central America imply that using single resistance genes to manage angular leaf spot is inadequate and stacking resistance genes may be necessary to manage the disease effectively.     

早熟优质长豇豆新品种‘鄂豇豆2 号’

 ‘鄂豇豆2号’是经有性杂交选育而成的早熟蔓生豇豆新品种。该品种荚浅绿色, 长60 cm,单荚质量18~ 24 g。早熟, 荚商品性状优良, 产量高, 对光周期反应不敏感, 田间疫病、煤霉病、病毒病发病率低, 适宜于春、夏、秋各季栽培, 已在全国大部分省份推广种植成功。     

Processing traits and digestibility of extruded dog foods with soy protein concentrate

Soya bean protein concentrate (SPC) with two particle sizes were evaluated on extrusion parameters, kibble formation, digestibility and palatability of dog foods. Eight diets were extruded: PBM—control diet based on poultry by‐product meal (PBM); GM—a diet in which corn gluten meal (GM) replaced 45% of the diet protein; cSPC15%, cSPC30% and cSPC45%—diets in which SPC of coarse particle size (600 μm) replaced 15%, 30% and 45% of the diet protein; and sSPC15%, sSPC30% and sSPC45%—diets in which SPC of small particle size (200 μm) replaced 15%, 30% and 45% of the diet protein. The digestibility of nutrients was evaluated for the PBM, GM, cSPC45% and sSPC45% diets, using six dogs per food. The PBM, GM and cSPC45% diets were compared for palatability. Data were submitted for analysis of variance, and the means were compared by polynomial contrasts or Tukey's test (p < .05). The cSPC increased the specific mechanical energy (SME) application, extrusion temperature and pressure linearly, resulting in lower kibble density and higher expansion and starch gelatinization (SG) (p < .01). When comparing the PBM, GM, cSPC45% and sSPC45% diets, higher SME, extrusion temperature and pressure, SG and kibble expansion were verified for the cSPC45% diet (p < .05). The DM, fat and crude protein digestibility were similar among diets. Faecal pH, ammonia and lactate did not differ, demonstrating that the removal of oligosaccharides and soluble non‐starch polysaccharides of SPC produces an ingredient with mostly non‐fermentable fibre. Dogs preferred the PBM to the GM diet (p < .05), but consumed the PBM and cSPC45% foods equally. In conclusion, SPC exhibited good extrusion functionality, favouring kibble expansion and SG, with high digestibility, similar to that of PBM. The removal of soluble compounds from soya beans resulted in an ingredient with low fermentable fibre content, which did not alter faecal formation or characteristics.     

小麦不同外植体的组织培养效果研究

良好的组织培养效果是提高植物基因转化效率的基础。以山东省近年来育成并大面积推广的10个优良品种（系）为材料,对这些品种的花药、幼穗、幼胚和成熟胚的组织培养效果进行研究,旨在筛选每一基因型最适合于组织培养的外植体类型,为应用基因工程技术进行小麦遗传改良提供基础材料。结果表明,禽伤诱导率和再生成苗率与基因型和外植体类型（花药、幼穗、幼胚和成熟胚）密切相关。8802在花药和成熟胚培养中表现突出,花药出愈率达119．5％,愈伤分化成苗率19．9％;烟农19的幼穗愈伤直接分化成苗率最高,这43．5％;8802、烟农19和潍麦8号三个基因型的幼胚培养效果差异不显著,其愈伤分化成苗率分别为26．3％、24．5％和24．8％。蔗糖浓度在3％～9％之间,对成熟胚的愈伤组织诱导率影响很小。高浓度蔗糖降低愈伤生长速度。在一定蔗糖浓度下,愈伤诱导率与2,4-D浓度密切相关,高浓度的2,4-D对愈伤组织再生不利。MS＋4mg／L2,4-D对于成熟胚的脱分化相对较好,MS和MS＋0．4mg／L NAA＋0．6mg／L KT作为成熟胚的愈伤组织再生培养基,对不同基因型具有一定的适用性。     

福瑞鲤2号不同生长速率个体肌肉组织转录组分析

鱼类通过选育获得优良生长性状的遗传分子机制 目前尚不清楚.实验分析比较了 2种不同生长速率福瑞鲤2号肌肉组织的转录组文库.组装后共获得3 92 23 8条测序序列(contigs).其中可比对上斑马鱼、弓斑东方鲀、青鳉、三刺鱼、尼罗罗非鱼和松浦镜鲤的蛋白序列的比例为56.01％～77.71％.2种不同生长速率福瑞鲤2号...     

饲料中添加蛋白酶AG对鲤鱼鱼种生长和蛋白质消化酶活性的影响

通过2个试验研究了饲料中添加蛋白酶AG对鲤鱼生长和前肠蛋白质消化酶活性的影响.试验Ⅰ选用540尾均重11.7 g的鲤鱼,随机均分为6组,随机选取3组分别饲喂鱼粉含量为10%、15%、20%的3种等蛋白基础饲料,另外3组分别饲喂添加有175 mg/kg蛋白酶AG的以上3种饲料,试验期60 d.试验Ⅱ选取120尾均重48.7 g的鲤鱼,随机分为2组,一组饲喂鱼粉含量6%的基础饲料为对照组,另外一组饲喂添加175 mg/kg蛋白酶AG的基础饲料为试验组,试验期为30 d.试验Ⅰ结果表明:摄食10%鱼粉饲料和20%鱼粉 175 mg/kg蛋白酶AG饲料的鲤鱼分别具有最低和最高的增重率;在10%鱼粉饲料中添加蛋白酶AG显著提高了鱼体增重率(P<0.05),但在15%、20%鱼粉饲料中添加蛋白酶AG,对鱼体增重率没有显著影响.试验Ⅱ结果表明:相比于对照组,试验组鲤鱼增重率提高了6.4%(P<0.05),饲料系数降低了5.4%(P<0.05).试验Ⅰ和试验Ⅱ中,添加蛋白酶AG对鱼体肌肉水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质含量均无显著影响(P>0.05);对消化酶活性的测定表明,在鱼粉含量为10%、6%的基础饲料中添加蛋白酶AG,可显著提高前肠组织蛋白酶活性和食糜蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),但在鱼粉含量为15%、20%的基础饲料中添加蛋白酶AG,对前肠组织蛋白酶活性和食糜蛋白酶活性没有影响.综上所述,在鱼粉含量较低的饲料中添加蛋白酶AG,可提高鲤鱼消化道蛋白酶活性,改善生长性能.     

长豇豆和丝瓜美洲斑潜蝇防治指标研究

连续自然接虫研究表明,长豇豆和丝瓜开花结实期美洲斑潜蝇产量损失与幼虫密度关系分别符合上列方程：Ｙ＝－０．０１１３８＋０．０００３５Ｘ（ｒ＝０．９９５３）;Ｙ＝－０．００５５２７＋０．０００６１Ｘ（ｒ＝０．９６３４）。根据当前价格和防治费用等因素,得出两种蔬菜在开花结实期的美洲斑潜蝇幼虫防治指标分别为百株８８４－１０２９头和１７７２－１９４５头。     

棉籽和蓖麻籽的冷榨试验与数值模拟

探讨棉籽和蓖麻籽植物油料的冷榨应力-应变关系、应力-压缩比关系以及加载速率对应力-应变关系和应力-压缩比关系的影响,探讨临界压榨压力选取问题。进行了棉籽和蓖麻籽冷榨试验,采用川北方程建立双曲线型应力-应变模型和压缩比的理论计算模型。研究表明,加载速率对油料破碎应力、应变以及应力-应变关系有影响,速率越大,破碎应力和应变越大;棉籽和蓖麻籽的模拟结果与实测值比较吻合。根据压缩比变化率及其斜率曲线近似确定出棉籽和蓖麻籽工程临界压榨压力分别为70 MPa和100 MPa。