玉米主要抗旱性状的配合力及遗传参数分析Ⅰ.产量性状

按Griffing双列杂交(Ⅳ)方法,分析了8个玉米自交系的穗长、秃尖长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、单穗重、单株产量和百粒重等与抗旱性相关的性状在雨养地和水分胁迫下的GCA、SCA及遗传变量.结果表明:穗长、单穗重、穗行数、行粒数和单穗产量以加性基因效应为主,穗粗、百粒重以非加性基因效应为主.6221、6620、5003及330能产生抗旱高产且产量性状良好的杂交组合,是有利用价值的亲本.6221×8902、6221×5003、6221×6270、6620×8902、6620×6270、6620×330、金599×8902和Mo17×330等组合可在干旱、半干旱地区示范种植.产量性状在不同水分环境下的遗传特点存在一致性,对其遗传改进和产量潜力的选择宜在无胁迫条件下进行。     

玉米自交系主要数量性状配合力及利用潜力分析

采用NCⅡ遗传交配设计,对16个玉米自交系的单株粒重等15个性状的配合力进行了分析。结果表明：所测各性状配合力在P1、P2组内不同自交系间存在显著或极显著差异。P1组亲本配合力总效应大小顺序为：ZＫ01-1＞ZＫ01-2＞郑58＞9058＞248＞ZＫ01-3＞齐319;P2组亲本配合力总效应大小顺序为昌7-2＞ZＫ02-2＞ZＫ02-1＞LX9801＞永35-2＞H21＞ZＫ02-4＞ZＫ02-3＞黄早4。郑58改良系ZK01-1、ZK01-2在玉米育种中有较大利用价值;昌7-2改良系ZK02-2、ZK02-1在玉米育种中有较大利用价值。行粒数和粒长是决定玉米产量的主要因素,在玉米育种中应作为优先考虑的性状。     

优质、抗逆甜玉米群体配合力及 遗传潜势分析

为了充分利用新近合成的优质、抗逆甜玉米群体,同时加速育种进程。试验采用不完全双列杂交设计,以2个自育超甜玉米骨干系作测验种,与63个穗行的75个单株杂交,配制组合150个,通过杂交组合鉴定试验、株系的食用品质及抗性等的鉴定评价,对群体配合力及遗传潜势进行了分析,结果发现在75个被测株中,36个株系的单株产量一般配合力为正,而通过对其产量相关性状、商品性及农艺性状一般配合力分析也发现,其GCA表现较好的株系比例接近或超过50%。结合株系自身表现,筛选获得9个苗头株系;同时根据杂交组合鉴定结果,获得8个苗头组合。综合群体内株系的配合力及群体自身表现,初步认为该群体优良基因频率较高,遗传变异较为丰富,具有较大利用潜力。     

8个热带、亚热带玉米群体的配合力和 杂种优势分析

【研究目的】对8个热带、亚热带玉米群体Pob45、Pob46、Pob501、Pob502、Pool33、Pool34、Pob25、Suwan1进行配合力及杂种优势分析。【方法】试验以自交系昌7-2、郑22、掖478、齐319、Mo17为测验种,采用NCⅡ遗传设计。【结果】Pob25和Pob502的产量一般配合力（GCA）较高,综合产量的一般配合力（GCA）、特殊配合力（SCA）和配合力总效应。【结论】得出塘四平头（昌7-2）×Pob501,塘四平头（昌7-2）×Pob25,Reid（掖478）×Pob25,塘四平头（昌7-2）×Suwan1,旅大红骨（郑22）×Pob502为5大杂优模式。     

热带玉米Suwan1群体导入不同类型温带种质的遗传分析

采用不完全双列杂交法,分别将热带玉米Suwan1群体与我国温带玉米5大类群骨干自交系杂交,形成新的综合种,再与4个测验种杂交,组配36个杂交组合。通过2年1点的田间杂交组合8个表型(产量相关性状)评价,进行方差分析和配合力效应分析。方差分析表明,各杂交组合之间8个性状差异均达显著或极显著水平。产量一般配合力效应值大小为CML171/Suwan1Dan340/Suwan1P159/Suwan118599/Suwan1Chang7-2/Suwan1Mu6/Suwan1zheng58/Suwan191-95/Suwan1Mo17/Suwan1。根据联合产量分析,在36个组合中18599×Dan340/Suwan1和Dan340×CML171/Suwan1的杂种优势表现较强。由此,表现较好的杂种优势组型为PB、Tangsipingtou×Lvdahonggu/Suwan1(Reid/Suwan1)、Reid×Tangsipingtou/Suwan1、Reid×Lancaster/Suwan1,将Suwan1导入我国5大类群所形成的新种质对玉米的产量和其他性状的改良可以取得显著成效。     

甘蓝型油菜亲本主要农艺性状的配合力与遗传力分析

选用新育成的4个甘蓝型油菜恢复系与10个不育系进行不完全双列杂交,对40个杂交组合的6个主要农艺性状进行配合力和遗传力估算与分析。结果表明,在一般配合力上,父本的优劣顺序为C18-14、0575R>94R-1>RH9417,母本的优劣顺序为MZA、5YA>503STA>5Y503A、821E503A>503A>821E5YA>821STA、YT508A>STA;单株产量特殊配合力最好的组合是5YA×94R-1;性状遗传力以单株粒数和单株荚果数较高。     

陆地棉主要性状杂种优势与配合力研究

以12个陆地棉品种(系)为亲本,采用6×6不完全双列杂交(NCⅡ),对所得的F1代13个性状的杂种优势和配合力进行分析。结果表明,株高、始节位、铃数、伸长率的平均中亲优势和超亲优势值均为负值,生育期、始节高、果枝数、绒长、整齐度、比强度的平均中亲优势值为正值、平均超亲优势值为负值,铃质量、衣分、子棉产量都存在正向中亲优势和超亲优势。新陆早42号、26-5、44-5多个性状一般配合力效应值综合较高;新陆早33号×GK26、新陆早33号×sGK321、新陆早33号×新垦09、新陆早36号×GK26多个性状特殊配合力效应值综合较高。     

水稻苗期白化转绿型叶色标记籼型不育系"云丰66A"的选育

用300Gy的60Coγ射线辐照籼稻Ⅱ-32B干种子,诱变后筛选苗期具有白化转绿标记性状叶色突变植株,与不育系Ⅱ-32A进行杂交并回交,选育出苗期携带白化转绿型叶色标记不育系云丰66A,该不育系株叶形态优良,分蘖强,开花习性好,花粉败育彻底,配合力高,于2008年通过云南省品种审定委员会现场鉴定.     

番茄核雄性不育系大107可溶性固形物杂种优势与遗传效应的研究

[目的]选育出1~2个优质高产的后代番茄杂交组合（品种）。[方法]用大107作为共同母本,与东圣3号、牛番茄、美丽莎、1439、12、A3配制6个杂交组合的F1代及其相应的亲本材料进行可溶性固形物杂种优势与遗传效应的分析。[结果]可作为可溶性固形物性状杂交育种的亲本有大107、东圣3号、美丽莎;组合大107×东圣3号和大107×美丽莎可溶性固形物的特殊配合力效应值较高,而且具有较明显的杂种优势。[结论]大107×东圣3号和大107×美丽莎是选育该性状的最优杂交组合。     

Combining ability analysis for Phaeosphaeria leaf spot resistance and grain yield in tropical advanced maize inbred lines

Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (PLS) disease (causal agent Phaeosphaeria maydis (Henn.) Rane, Payak & Renfro) of maize is increasing in importance in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, there is still limited information on the combining ability for disease resistance of the germplasm that are adapted to African environments. Evaluating combining ability effects and their interactions with the environment would provide valuable information that can be used in the development of cultivars that are resistant to PLS. This study was therefore conducted to determine the combining ability, gene action and the relationship between grain yield and PLS disease severity among selected tropical advanced maize inbred lines. Forty five F₁ hybrids were generated by crossing 10 inbred lines in a half diallel mating scheme. The 45 hybrids along with the ten inbred parents were evaluated in four environments, with two replications each between 2007 and 2009. General and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) effects were highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) for PLS, grain yield and days to anthesis. GCA effects accounted for 66–90% and SCA effects for 10–34% of the variation in the hybrids for PLS resistance, grain yield and days to anthesis. This indicated predominance of additive over non-additive gene action for the three traits in these inbred lines. The resistant inbred lines to PLS were A1220-4, N3-2-3-3, CML312, MP18 and CML488. These lines had good combining ability for PLS resistance and contributed towards resistance in their crosses. In general, resistant hybrids involved a susceptible and a resistant parent, where at least one of the parents had a negative GCA effect. In addition, lines A1220-4 and CML312 contributed towards high yield and were late maturing. Inbred line CZL00009 conferred genes for early maturity. Linear regression analysis indicated that grain yield of maize was suppressed by about 250 kg ha⁻¹ per each increase in PLS disease severity score, underscoring the need to control the disease. Significant (P < 0.01), negative correlations (r = −0.29 to −0.43) between grain yield and PLS severity were also detected. This showed the potential of PLS to reduce yield when favourable conditions for disease development are present. By and large, highly significant additive gene action implied that progress would be made through selection. Although non-additive effects were small (±10%), observation of dominance effects which were associated with reduced disease levels in some hybrids may be exploited in developing single cross maize hybrids among these inbreds when one parent is resistant.