组合芽孢杆菌抑菌物质特性及其抑菌效果研究

对组合拮抗芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp. CL-8抑菌物质的理化性质进行了研究。结果表明,主要抑菌物质为蛋白质类,热稳定性好,在40~70℃处理30 min后仍保持较高的抑菌活性;活性pH范围在4~10;能耐受乙醇、甲醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、乙腈、石油醚、氯仿多种有机溶剂,且稳定性好;紫外线照射不影响其抑菌活性;对蛋白酶K作用不敏感;粗蛋白能有效抑制Fusarium oxysporumf. sp. lycopersici、Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn、Phytophthora capsici、Sclerotinia sclerotiorum、Acidovorax avenaesub sp. citrulli和Alternaria solani Sor-auer等病原菌;组合Bacillus sp. CL-8产生的挥发性物质对立枯丝核菌也有一定的抑制作用。     

硼铜组合对盐藻生长与物质积累的影响

为了探索培养盐藻的微量元素条件,设计了室内模拟海洋环境下微量元素硼、铜的不同浓度组合,研究其对盐藻细胞生长与物质积累的影响。结果表明,培养液中适当的硼铜浓度组合对盐藻细胞的生长和物质积累有促进作用,而硼铜浓度过高或过低则对其不利。在试验的9种硼铜浓度组合中,以培养液中4 mg/L的硼和125 μg/L的铜浓度组合对盐藻细胞的生长和物质积累促进作用最好,它可使培养液中的盐藻细胞密度、蛋白质积累量和β-萝卜素积累量都达到最高。培养液中6 mg/L的硼和175 μg/L的铜浓度组合可使单个盐藻细胞中β-萝卜素和蛋白质积累量都最高,但可能仅是在铜、硼过多的逆境条件下,盐藻细胞的适应性反应。     

平菇菌丝生长速度的亲子相关及配合力分析

本文选用10个平菇菌种单孢分离菌株,进行了多菌种、二菌种和菌种内三组4×4不完全双列杂交,采用试管平面培养基测定菌丝生长速度。结果表明,菌株间菌丝生长速度差异极显著,试管平面培养基测定菌丝生长速度误差小;亲本单孢菌株与后代杂交菌株菌丝生长速度间不相关;一般配合力、特殊配合力差异均显著,菌种间杂交非加性效应占优势,菌种内交配以加性效应为主。本研究共选出菌丝生长速度配合力高的单孢菌株4个,杂交组合5个。     

从产业角度对牡丹科研存在的问题及其解决办法的探讨

通过在维普中文期刊数据库中进行文献检索,对2000年以来我国牡丹科研现状进行了分析。结果表明:结构不合理,投入高、耗时长、见效慢的基础研究没有被给予足够重视是当前牡丹科研中存在的突出问题。高等院校是科研主体,应进一步着眼于产业链条,加强应用基础研究,并通过多种形式的产学研结合融入牡丹产业中,提高行业科技含量,逐渐形成核心竞争力,促进产业的快速健康发展。     

Effects of organic and mineral fertilizer inputs on maize yield and soil chemical properties in a maize cropping system in Meru South District, Kenya

Soil nutrient depletion as a result of continuous cultivation of soils without adequate addition of external inputs is a major challenge in the highlands of Kenya. An experiment was set up in Meru South District, Kenya in 2000 to investigate the effects of different soil-incorporated organic (manure, Tithonia diversifolia, Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena leucocephala) and mineral fertilizer inputs on maize yield, and soil chemical properties over seven seasons. On average, tithonia treatments (with or without half recommended rate of mineral fertilizer) gave the highest grain yield (5.5 and 5.4 Mg ha⁻¹ respectively) while the control treatment gave the lowest yield (1.5 Mg ha⁻¹). After 2 years of trial implementation, total soil carbon and nitrogen contents were improved with the application of organic residues, and manure in particular improved soil calcium content. Results of the economic analysis indicated that on average across the seven seasons, tithonia with half recommended rate of mineral fertilizer treatment recorded the highest net benefit (USD 787 ha⁻¹) while the control recorded the lowest (USD 272 ha⁻¹). However, returns to labor or benefit-cost ratios were in most cases not significantly improved when organic materials were used.     

Linking individual-tree and whole-stand models for forest growth and yield prediction

Background： Different types of growth and yield models provide essential information for making informed decisions on how to manage forests. Whole-stand models often provide well-behaved outputs at the stand level, but lack information on stand structures. Detailed information from individual-tree models and size-class models typically suffers from accumulation of errors. The disaggregation method, in assuming that predictions from a whole-stand model are reliable, partitions these outputs to individual trees. On the other hand, the combination method seeks to improve stand-level predictions from both whole-stand and individual-tree models by combining them. Methods： Data from 100 plots randomly selected from the Southwicte Seed Source Study of Ioblolly pine （Pinus taedo L） were used to evaluate the unadjusted individual-tree model against the disaggregation and combination methods. Results： Compared to the whole-stand model, the combination method did not show improvements in predicting stand attributes in this study. The combination method also did not perform as well as the disaggregation method in tree-level predictions. The disaggregation method provided the best predictions of tree- and stand-level survival and growth. Conclusions： The disaggregation approach provides a link between individual-tree models and whole-stand models, and should be considered as a better alternative to the unadjusted tree model.     

酶-超声波联合提取紫薯中花青素的研究

[目的]优化酶-超声联合提取紫薯中的花青素的提取工艺.[方法]采用酶-超声联合提取紫薯中的花青素,通过对酶的选择、单因素试验和正交试验,得出最佳工艺条件.[结果]试验得出酶-超声联合提取紫薯中的花青素的最优工艺：纤维素酶为处理酶,酶添加量8 mg/g,超声温度20℃,超声时间15 min,固液比1∶40 g/ml.将联合提取工艺与单一的酶解、超声提取进行对比,可知联合提取效果更佳.[结论]研究可为紫薯中花青素的开发利用提供参考依据.     

组合预测模型在黑龙江省农机总动力预测中的应用

农机总动力是反映和评价农业机械化水平的一个重要指标.通过对黑龙江省农机总动力历史数据进行分析,建立了指数模型、GM（1,1）模型和BP神经网络模型3种预测模型,其次,应用基于离异系数法、二次规划法、Shapley值权重分配法分别构建组合预测模型.拟合结果表明,各种组合预测模型优于各单一模型.最后应用基于Shapley值权重分配法对黑龙江省农机总动力进行组合预测,为制定农机动力发展规划提供了依据.     

桂糖00/122和粤糖91/976等几个新亲本及其组合的应用研究

[目的]为改善甘蔗品种的产量和品质提供理论依据。[方法]以桂糖92/66×ROC22（X1）、ROC22×桂糖92/66（X2）、桂糖00/122×K86/110（X3）、粤糖91/976×CP94/1100（X4）、粤糖91/976×桂糖00/122（X5）、粤糖91/976×HOCP95/988（X6）、川糖89/103×CP93/163（X7）、粤83/257×CP57/614＋崖84/153（X8）8个组合为材料,研究其F1代主要农艺性状的表现。[结果]X7的F1代高糖高产,为较优良的组合;X5的F1代产量性状较好,但糖分含量较低,这2个组合亲本优良性状的遗传效应较大,综合性状较好,可根据育种目标重点配置使用;X1、X2、X3、X4组合亲本优良性状的遗传效应较小,综合性状一般,可适当配置;X6、X8组合亲本优良性状的遗传效应较小,综合性状较差,不宜使用。[结论]该研究明确了几个甘蔗亲本在新品种选育中的应用价值。     

玉米种质资源品质性状的分析

对河北省搜集、引进、选育的２１０份玉米种质资源的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总淀粉含量进行了测定分析；对品质性状与农艺性状的相关性、品质性状间的相关性及品质性状与农艺性状的聚合作了研究与探讨。结果表明，河北省玉米种质资源的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总淀粉平均含量分别为１２．５３％，５．０％，６７．４％；不同品质性状间、不同品质性状与不同农艺性状间的相关关系和相关程度不同。粗蛋白含量与粗脂肪含量之间呈显著正相关关系，粗蛋