Tuberculosis in alpaca (Lama pacos) on a farm in Ireland. 1. A clinical report

This case report describes tuberculosis (TB) due to infection with Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) in alpaca (Lama pacos) on a farm in Ireland. Two severely debilitated alpaca were presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin in November 2004. Bloods were taken, and haematology and biochemistry results were indicative of chronic infection. Radiological examination showed evidence of diffuse granulomatous pneumonia suggestive of tuberculosis. On necropsy there were granulomatous lesions present throughout many body organs including lung, liver, kidney, intestine as well on peritoneum and mesentery. Culture of acid-fast bacilli from lesions led to a diagnosis of tuberculosis due to M. bovis. The use of intradermal skin testing proved inefficient and unreliable for ante mortem diagnosis of tuberculosis in alpaca. Infection due to M. bovis should be considered among the differential diagnoses of debilitating diseases in alpaca, particularly those farmed in areas known to be traditional black spots for tuberculosis in cattle.     

柞蚕微孢子虫胶体金免疫层析检测法

利用柞蚕微孢子虫孢子液直接免疫家兔获得柞蚕微孢子虫多克隆抗体后,分别采用双抗夹心法和竞争法制作胶体金免疫层析试纸条,建立能简便、快捷、准确诊断柞蚕微粒子病的柞蚕微孢子虫胶体金免疫层析检测法。双抗夹心法和竞争法分别是将柞蚕微孢子虫多克隆抗体与25 nm和17 nm的胶体金颗粒结合并固定在金标垫上,然后均将羊抗兔二抗包被在硝酸纤维素膜上作为质控点(C),但是2种方法制作的胶体金免疫层析试纸条的反应模式不同:前者是以柞蚕微孢子虫多克隆抗体作为检测点(T),而后者以柞蚕微孢子虫孢壁蛋白作为检测点(T)。2种方法制作的胶体金免疫层析试纸条的检测时间均为10 min,检测灵敏度为0.8×107个/mL,与柞蚕血淋巴无交叉反应,特异性强,操作简单,其中,以双抗夹心法制作的试纸条显色更清晰,结果更可靠,更具实用价值。     

胶体金免疫层析法测定动物组织中氯霉素残留

应用胶体金免疫层析法对动物组织中的氯霉素残留进行检测,研究该方法的灵敏度、假阳性率、假阴性率及特异性。结果表明,用胶体金免疫层析法测定猪肉、鸡肉、鱼、虾中的氯霉素,检测限均为0.3g/kg,假阳性率和假阴性率皆为0%;方法的特异性较好,对其他抗生素无交叉反应;检测加标样本的结果与液相色谱-串联质谱法基本一致。可见,该方法简便、快速、准确、稳定,可作为动物组织中氯霉素残留现场快速检测的一种有效手段。     

口蹄疫灭活疫苗蛋白质含量测定操作程序的确立

为优化用于口蹄疫灭活疫苗蛋白质含量测定的改良Lowry法,进而确立口蹄疫灭活疫苗蛋白质含量测定的操作程序,探索了有机溶剂破乳剂、酚红以及丙酮沉淀对测定结果影响。结果表明：样品中含酚红和有机溶剂均导致测定值较标准值高;有机溶剂破乳后,水相样经过丙酮沉淀测定值较标准值低;丙酮直接沉淀疫苗后测定蛋白质值与标准值符合度最高,丙酮沉淀回收率随蛋白浓度升高而升高,回收率在90％～100％之间。试验首次确立了改良Lowry法检测口蹄疫灭活疫苗中蛋白质含量的操作程序为丙酮直接沉淀疫苗后测定蛋白质浓度。并成功应用于口蹄疫灭活疫苗蛋白质含量的测定。     

Application of time-resolved fluorometry to immunoassays for bovine reproductive hormones

The principle of time‐resolved fluorometry with lanthanide chelates was established in the 1980s, but in the field of animal sciences it has not been widely applied to immunoassays. However, immunoassays that utilize time‐resolved fluorometry are possible alternatives to radioimmunoassays, since they can attain high sensitivity without safety risks. In this short review, we introduce the development of time‐resolved immunoassays for inhibin A, inhibin B and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), and describe their application to the investigation of FSH regulation in male and female cattle. The results obtained using these newly developed immunoassays indicate that inhibin A acts as a feedback regulator for FSH secretion in female cattle, whereas inhibin A, and probably inhibin B, do so in male cattle.     

恒河猴血液细胞、生化和凝血功能正常参考指标的测定

测定分析人工饲养及在非麻醉(清醒)状态下108只健康成年恒河猴的血常规、血液生化及血小板和凝血功能正常值,并分析各项检测数据的性别差异。血常规测定值17项,其中,雌猴较雄猴极显著高(P<0·01)的项目为红细胞分布宽度(RDW)。血液生化测定值17项,其中,雌猴比雄猴显著低(P<0·05)的项目有丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT),显著高(P<0·05)的项目有碱性磷酸酶(ALP)。血小板和凝血功能测定值9项,其中,雌猴比雄猴明显高(P<0·05)的项目为活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT),极显著高(P<0.01)的项目为凝血酶时间(TT)。建立了人工饲养条件下健康成年恒河猴的血常规、血液生化、血小板和凝血功能正常参考值指标,丰富和完善了恒河猴动物实验和疾病诊断中血液分析的基础知识。     

抽提条件对酶制剂中果胶酶活力测定的影响

用0．1mol/L氯化钠、0．02mol/L,pH7．4的磷酸缓冲液和蒸馏水,于40℃和4℃对浙江酶、华芬酶和Avizyme－1500酶制剂分别抽提1．5小时和12小时,对3种酶制剂中的果胶酶活力进行测定。结果表明：用0．1mol／L氯化钠于4℃抽提12小时,对浙江酶制剂中的果胶欧抽提效果最好;用蒸馏水于4℃抽提12小时,对华芬酶和Avizyme－1500酶制剂中的果胶酶抽提效果最好。     

Seasonal and Diurnal Variation in Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Concentrations of Repeatedly Defoliated Red and White Clovers in Central Kentucky

Nonstructural carbohydrates of pasture plants, comprising water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) and starch, may contribute to excessive consumption of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates by grazing horses. Seasonal and diurnal variation in WSCs were studied in red (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clovers (Trifolium repens L.) subjected to a typical management regime of rotationally grazed horse pastures. Two red and two white clover cultivars from monoculture plots were harvested after 4 weeks of growth from April to October of 2015, in the morning and afternoon of each harvest date. Water-soluble carbohydrates were quantified for each harvest, and starch was quantified for two harvests. Mean monthly WSC concentrations ranged from 80 to 99 mg/g (freeze-dried weight basis), whereas mean starch concentrations were 31 and 40 mg/g. In September, white clover had 14% more WSCs than red clover (P < .0001). Water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations were 10% higher in the afternoon than in the morning (P < .0001). Starch concentrations were 290% higher in the afternoon than in the morning (P < .0001), and nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in the afternoon averaged 150 mg/g. Further studies are needed to determine whether the mixed grass-legume pastures of central Kentucky accumulate enough nonstructural carbohydrates to present risk factors for equine metabolic or digestive dysfunction.     

应用酵母双杂交方法筛选与猪瘟病毒Npro蛋白相互作用的宿主蛋白

为研究猪瘟病毒(CSFV)与宿主细胞间的相互作用,本研究采用酵母双杂交方法以猪瘟病毒Npro蛋白为诱饵,从猪外周血单个核细胞(PBMC) cDNA表达文库中筛选与之相互作用的蛋白,经共转化试验表明,共筛选到12个与Npro蛋白相互作用的宿主蛋白,应用Cytoscape 2.8.2软件绘制了蛋白质间相互作用关系图,根据GO分析结果,这些蛋白分别参与细胞代谢、细胞生长、免疫等过程,经双分子荧光互补(BiFC)试验表明筛得的部分宿主蛋白与CSFV Npro具有相互作用.本研究中筛选得到的蛋白质对CSFV复制的影响有待进一步深入研究.     

抗阿维菌素抗体的研制

本文合成了二个模拟阿维菌素特征结构的半抗原，４‘＝Ｏ－（单）琥珀酰阿维菌素和５－Ｏ－（单）琥珀酰阿维菌素。将半抗原与载体蛋白连接，制成人工抗原。