烟中都有些什么?——木材工业中的放射性空气污染的研究(英文)

建造一座木材工业生产厂是需要达到一系列的国家立法要求。而达到这些要求是通过严格的科学研究和调查而得来的。在一个项目中,通常这是一个关键环节。大多高度工业化国家都具有严格的法律条例控制放射性粉尘和气体对环境所造成的污染。本文讨论的是在木材工业干燥过程的内部,什么是造成环境污染的环节因素,以化工生产条件所带来的影响为例,输入原材料的选择,干燥炉的设计,运作程序,以及燃料的选择。上述因素将会对烟囱污染带来什么样的影 响?本文采用国际通用的分析手法,准确地分析了放射性粉尘积累以及如何控制由此造成的空气污染。根据研究调查的积累进一步探讨如何以最佳的设计系统而达到控制污染。以冷凝缩代替热干燥将是一个新的值得考虑的工业化革新。参14。     

沈阳浑河沿岸滨水公园冬季使用状况调查分析

为了了解沈阳地区滨水公园的冬季使用特征,从而进一步提高公园的冬季利用率,以沈阳市浑河沿岸一系列滨水公园为调查对象,采用问卷调查、行为观察和访谈相结合的方式,对冬季公园使用者的活动内容和活动范围等进行调查分析,并依此提出了提高冬季滨水公园使用率的3点建议,包括优化冬季植物景观,合理布置健身、休息设施,加大宣传力度、组织适宜冬季开展的活动项目。     

电视监控在现代化养猪企业中的应用

严格封闭的生产管理体系是现代化养猪企业获得效益的基础 ,良好的企业管理及实力展示又是赢得市场的关键 ,二者结合使用电视监控在现代化养猪企业中的应用具有广阔的前景。作者对此较详细地阐述了电视监控在现代化养猪企业中的应用及作用等 ,指出电视监控的应用将使现代化养猪企业置身于多维的管理和经营体系之中     

荧光显微镜在植物观察中的一种新用途

荧光显微镜在各领域中的应用都非常广泛,在植物细胞的观察研究中,通过染色可以更清晰地观测到细胞的形态及结构。在实验中发现,荧光显微镜还可以直接(不做任何处理)观察植物叶的气孔器,而且能观察到气孔的变化情况,为荧光显微镜找到了一种新用途。     

In vivo CXCR4 expression, lymphoid cell phenotype, and feline immunodeficiency virus infection

Primary isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) appear to require binding to CD134 in conjunction with CXCR4(X4) to infect IL-2-dependent T-cell-derived cells in culture. However, much less is known about the role of X4 for the infection of cells in vivo. To investigate the correlation between X4 expression and FIV infection in cats acutely infected with FIV-C-Pgmr we used high-speed fluorescence-activated cell sorting and realtime PCR to co-analyze cell phenotypes from lymph node, thymus, bone marrow and blood for FIV infection and X4 expression. X4 expression was greatest in lymph node, both in frequency and in mean fluorescence intensity. The thymus demonstrated a higher proviral burden in X4+ thymic T cells (14% in X4+ thymic T cells and 7% in X4− cells) whereas, proviral loads were similar between X4+ and X4− cell populations in all other tissues examined. Assuming a minimum of one proviral copy per cell, a maximum of 50% of FIV-positive cells were X4+. The highest fraction of FIV-infected X4− cells was present in bone marrow. Regardless of X4 status, proviral loads were higher in lymph node and blood T cells than in B cells. These studies provide both a positive association between X4 expression and FIV infection and introduce the probability that X4-independent infection occurs in other target cells in vivo.     

Proof of concept to unmask the breeding value of genetic resources of barley (Hordeum vulgare) with a hybrid strategy

Broadening the genetic base of elite breeding programmes is crucial for further breeding success. The absence of major adaption genes, however, often masks the grain yield breeding value of genetic resources. We assessed the ability of a hybrid strategy to provide unbiased performance estimates of 21 barley genetic resources. By crossing them to elite tester lines, 25 three-way hybrids were produced and evaluated together with a part of their parents and eight elite hybrids for important agronomic traits in replicated field trials in four environments. The phenotypic data analyses revealed that the hybrid strategy facilitated to identify promising resources by substantially improving lodging resistance. Combining genotypic data for 5,562 SNPs with the phenotypic data highlighted the potential to boost the diversity of the elite breeding pool via targeted introgression of genetic resources into the male and female heterotic pools. We propose an application of the hybrid strategy for genetic resources of entire genebank collections and to use genome-wide predictions to support a targeted choice of accessions with high value for barley breeding.     

中国粮食产需平衡的时空格局演变分析 ——基于粮食用途和省域层面的视角

我国粮食安全形势总体良好,但区域性矛盾问题不容忽视,优化粮食安全区域布局有利于增强粮食安全风险防范能力。文章从粮食用途角度,估算2013—2018年31省市的粮食需求量,将粮食产需划分为6个不同等级,分析我国粮食产需平衡的时空演变规律,测算了空间自相关性。结果显示：1）2013—2018年,我国粮食高产区增产而低产区减产,粮食生产重心向高产区集中,粮食生产的省域差距持续增加。2）口粮和饲料用粮是粮食总需求结构中重要的两个部分;间接用粮和粮食总需求量变动呈现“北减南增”、“东减西增”的空间变动。3）山东、四川和辽宁虽为粮食主产区,但也表现为高缺粮。有充足的粮食可输出的省份为黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古、河南、安徽、新疆和甘肃。2013—2018年,多数省市内的粮食产需不平衡现象得到了改善,省级层面粮食安全水平提高。4）我国粮食产需呈现空间正相关,具有集聚状态,且口粮需产差的空间集聚性更强、更稳定。高余粮区集中在黑龙江、内蒙古、新疆等偏北区域,而高缺粮区集中在东南沿海。基于上述分析,文章得出平衡好口粮需求和间接粮食需求之间、粮食输入地和输出地之间的关系;完善粮食流通体系,加强粮食供应链管理的启示。     

水稻密码子优化基因Mat#增强草铵膦抗性

来自细菌Nocardia sp.AB2253的蛋氨酸砜N-乙酰基转移酶基因(methionine sulfone Nacetyltransferase gene,Mat)编码产物具有N-乙酰基转移酶活性,能解除灭生性除草剂草铵膦的毒性,但在植物中表达效率较低.本研究用水稻(Oryza sativa)偏爱密码子优化的Mat#基因转化籼稻品系9K(Oryza sativa ssp.indica),经过PCR和Southern杂交验证,证明该基因已经整合至水稻基因组中.除草剂抗性检测结果显示,该转化体的芽期草铵膦耐受浓度至少为600 mg/L、秧苗期草铵膦耐受浓度至少为1 000 mg/L,对草铵膦的抗性水平不低于转双丙氨酰膦抗性基因(bialaphos resistance gene,Bar)水稻9KA2.酶活性测定结果显示,该转化体叶片中的N-乙酰基转移酶活性约为非转基因对照中的6.6倍.说明优化后的Mat#基因增强了草铵膦抗性,可作为转化筛选标记和抗除草剂目的基因应用于转基因作物育种.     

干旱地区造林树种的水分生理生态的研究进展

从植物的光合作用与蒸腾作用、水分关系、水分利用效率、抗旱机制等方面,对近几十年来国内外一些试验结果进行了分析和探讨,并对水分关系、抗旱机制、水分利用效率等提出了新的观点.