歙县枇杷产业化的发展与对策

主要介绍了枇杷的生物学特性和营养价值、药用价值,在分析了歙县枇杷生产现状的基础上,指出了歙县枇杷产业化发展存在的问题,并提出了发展枇杷产业需要通过采取适度规模化生产、合理品种组成、加强产后服务、实现产品深加工和综合利用等对策。     

脑心肌炎病毒多聚蛋白编码区起始与终止区的密码子使用模式简

文中利用特定区域密码子使用偏嗜性对数公式分析了脑心肌炎病毒（Encephalomyocarditis virus,EMCV）多聚蛋白编码基因的翻译起始区域与翻译终止区域的密码子使用模式.结果表明,EMCV多聚蛋白编码区内翻译起始序列区的同义密码子使用偏嗜性的正负偏差总体是平衡的,但几种在整体多聚蛋白质编码区域内使用为负偏嗜的稀有密码子却倾向于出现于编码起始区和终止区.这一有趣的现象,可利用“稀有密码子调控假说”来解释为EMCV开放阅读框两端的稀有密码子偏好性使用对整体阅读框的表达具有负调控作用.该研究说明“稀有密码子调控假说”不仅适用于细菌,而且也适用于一些RNA病毒基因组.     

蒺藜苜蓿叶绿体密码子偏好性分析

本文对蒺藜苜蓿叶绿体基因组全序列密码子进行分析,筛选出50条CDS(coding DNA sequence)利用CodonW软件进行分析其密码子使用模式。结果显示,蒺藜苜蓿叶绿体基因组密码子第3位碱基GC含量为26.9%,即第3位密码子富含A和U,ENC值在37.11~51.91之间密码子偏好性较弱。相对同义密码子使用度分析显示RSCU值大于1的密码子有23个,其中以A和U为结尾20个。中性绘图分析显示GC₁₂与GC₃的相关系数为0.341,相关性不显著,回归系数为0.4843;单基因ENC比值多分布在-0.05~0.05,即大部分基因ENC值离ENC期望值较近;对应性分析,第一轴显示了12.50%的差异为主要影响因素,第一轴与ENC和GC₃的相关系数分别为0.091和-0.092,均相关不显著。综合这几项分析发现蒺藜苜蓿叶绿体基因组密码子偏好性主要受到突变的影响,但是并不是唯一的影响因素,其他因素对密码子偏好性也可能有一定的影响。最终通过高表达优越密码子方法确定得出UUA、UUG、CCU等23个密码子为最优密码子,为之后对外源基因进行改造,提高其在叶绿体中的表达效率奠定了基础。     

沙棘“生态经济育种”研究Ⅱ——半干旱地区沙棘杂交亲本比较生态生物学研究

杂交育种的首要任务是重视亲本的比较生态生物学研究与筛选.利用Li-6400光合仪对内蒙古九成宫基地的中国沙棘与引进的俄罗斯沙棘开展了多指标对比测定.结果表明:俄罗斯沙棘特点是:叶面积大,叶绿素含量高,在湿润条件下百果重大,果实成熟期短,干物质积累快,产量高;光合速率高,蒸腾强度大,但水分利用效率低;叶片厚度、叶上表皮厚...     

基于采后转录组的香菇密码子偏好性分析

以香菇基因组数据为基础,对其细胞核基因组的密码子偏好性及偏好性形成因素进行分析。香菇细胞核编码基因的GC含量为48.66%,同义密码子第3位中碱基T(T3s)的出现频率最高（36.07%）,同时高表达基因的GC、GC3以及GC3s含量均显著高于基因组水平;相关性分析结果显示基因表达与序列C3s含量、GC3、GC3s、GC含量、C含量以及CAI呈显著正相关;香菇基因组编码序列中共29个高频密码子,结合转录组筛选高表达和低表达基因的基础上鉴定出16个最优密码子;偏好性形成影响因素分析表明,香菇基因组密码子偏好性形成受中性突变和选择压力影响。本研究可以为采后香菇关键基因功能解析,开展香菇采后品质劣变机制研究提供参考。     

Effects of alternative tillage systems on soil quality and yield of spring cereals on silty clay loam and sandy loam soils in the cool, wet climate of central Norway

Tillage trials were established on a poorly drained silty loam overlying silty clay loam and on a freely drained sandy loam overlying medium sand, in 1988 and 1989, respectively. Autumn and spring ploughing and two ploughless systems were compared for 12–13 years, with three replications at each site. The ploughless treatments comprised deep versus shallow spring harrowing until 1999, and thereafter autumn plus spring harrowing versus spring harrowing only. In 6 years, treatments with and without fungal spraying of the cereal crops were included. In other years, fungicides were not used. Perennial weeds were controlled by herbicides as necessary, on nine occasions up until 2001. Average spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and spring oat (Avena sativa L.) yields were similar with spring ploughing as with autumn ploughing at both sites. In treatments without ploughing, average yields on the silty loam over clay were 93% of those obtained with ploughing, and on the sandy loam over sand they were 81%. Smaller and non-significant yield differences were found between spring harrowing versus deep spring harrowing, and between autumn plus spring harrowing versus spring harrowing only. Fungal spraying increased yields markedly at both sites (25%), but there was no significant interaction between this treatment and tillage system. Oat was compared with barley in 2 years, with oat performing better under ploughless tillage. At both sites increases in penetrometer resistance occurred in the topsoil of unploughed treatments. These were considered particularly limiting on the sandy loam. On the silty loam there was an increase in surface horizon porosity in the absence of ploughing, which was associated with an increase in topsoil organic matter content. On this soil there was also a tendency toward lower penetrometer resistance at >30 cm depth on autumn plus spring harrowed soil than on ploughed soil, indicating that the plough pan may have diminished. This was supported by observations of greater earthworm activity on unploughed soil. Soil chemical analyses revealed that mineral N and plant-available P and K accumulated in the upper horizon under ploughless tillage. The percentage yields obtained in individual years with autumn as opposed to spring ploughing, were positively correlated with air temperature during 0–4 weeks after planting on the silty loam, and with precipitation during 0–12 weeks after planting on the sandy loam. In the case of yields obtained with spring harrowing only, relative to spring ploughing, positive correlations were found with 0–4 week temperature on both soil types, suggesting that low early season temperatures may limit yields under ploughless tillage.     

米黑根毛霉脂肪酶基因密码子优化及重叠延伸PCR合成

[目的]对米黑根毛霉脂肪酶基因的密码子进行优化,并采用重叠延伸PCR合成设计的基因序列。[方法]根据毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)密码子使用偏好性,对米黑根毛霉脂肪酶成熟肽基因进行全面密码子优化,根据优化后的氨基酸编码序列设计合成30条长度约为48 bp的寡核苷酸片段,并采用重叠延伸PCR法扩增合成全长基因序列。[结果]经凝胶电泳和酶切鉴定、测序分析表明,合成的目的基因与设计的序列相一致。[结论]该研究为脂肪酶基因在毕赤酵母中的构建及后续表达奠定了基础。     

海南省电力能源利用状况调查及分析

通过实地考察及相关数据的搜集,从海南省电力能源利用方面分析其电力结构的现状及发展,比较了海南省清洁电力能源与同等产能下的燃煤电力能源得出:所有项目建成之后,海南清洁能源发电量达415.73亿千瓦时/a,至少节省原煤1234.19万t/a,减少CO2排放3562.94万t、烟尘排放2057.42t和SO2排放7308.75t。     

喷雾器倾斜试验装置的设计

背负式喷雾器广泛应用于农林作物的病虫害防治及医疗防疫等领域,在使用过程中药液不得泄漏,否则会严重危害操作人员的生命健康安全.在介绍植保机械安全技术要求的基础上,根据喷雾器倾斜试验的要求,提出喷雾器倾斜试验装置的设计思路,设计了一款用于喷雾器密封性能试验的倾斜试验装置,这对提升我国植保机械检测设备技术水平具有参考价值.     

污泥施用对4种绿化植物叶片性状和光合作用的影响

通过向种植土内添加不同比例的污泥用量,观测盆栽绿化植物叶片性状和光合生理的变化,筛选不同植物的适宜污泥用量。结果表明,‘金叶’梓树和‘红叶’石楠以25.0%浓度处理下,植物叶片性状和光合生理表现最强,可提高比叶面积、净光合速率和叶绿素含量;‘紫花’海棠也表现为相似的生理响应,改变各项生理指标以适应添加污泥的土壤,以12.5%含量处理效果佳。相反,乌桕的表现较差,随着浓度增加表现越差。建议在用封场土种植绿化植物时最多可添加25.0%的生污泥,绿化植物可选择‘金叶’梓树和‘红叶’石楠。