猪链球菌rGDH蛋白原核表达载体的构建及免疫原性分析

谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)在猪链球菌35个血清型中都存在,是一种具有免疫原性的保护性抗原。本试验PCR扩增出GDH基因,酶切定向插入pET-32a中构建表达载体pET-32a-GDH,将其转化E.coli BL21(DE3)表达菌中,培养并诱导表达rGDH蛋白,产物纯化后免疫新西兰白兔,免疫攻毒保护试验检验该蛋白的免疫原性。PCR试验获得约1 300 bp的GDH基因,双酶切pET-32a-GDH表达载体获得5.4和1.3 kb的片段,IPTG诱导表达获得融合蛋白,免疫保护结果达到70%。结果表明,本试验成功构建表达猪链球菌GDH蛋白的原核表达载体pET-32a-GDH,rGDH蛋白以蜂胶为佐剂免疫模型动物后,免疫保护率达到70%,为猪链球菌亚单位疫苗的研制提供了技术支持。     

糖醇镁在水稻上施用效果比较试验初报

上杭县耕地土壤交换性镁含量普遍较低,其中低于50mg/kg的面积占比达到43.5%。为探讨糖醇镁与其他常用镁肥在水稻上应用比较效果,指导晚稻科学施用镁肥,在常规施肥基础上设置对照、7水硫酸镁、氢氧化镁和糖醇镁4个处理,三次重复田间试验,结果显示, 糖醇镁和7水硫酸镁对水稻缺镁黄化矫治效果达极为显著;施用镁肥可以增加水稻产量,且施肥效应糖醇镁＞七水硫酸镁＞氢氧化镁,比CK产量分别提高14.9%、7.7%和7.4%。     

三种鹿血清乳酸脱氢酶同功酶的电泳研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对26头白唇鹿、41头马鹿和11头梅花鹿的血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）同功酶谱及其多态性进行了研究。结果发现：三种鹿的LDH都有LDH1、LDH2、LDH3和LDH5四种同功酶;LDH3同功酶具有1～3条亚带,LDH5具有显现酶活性和不显现酶活性两种表型而呈现多态性;白唇鹿的LDH同功酶酶谱及其多态性有较明显的种的特征。     

10种植物乙醇提取物对小菜蛾和菜粉蝶幼虫拒食活性的研究

测定了4个科10种植物乙醇提取物对4龄菜粉蝶与小菜蛾幼虫的拒食活性。结果表明，这些提取物对菜粉蝶与小菜蛾幼虫都有不同程度的拒食作用。其中马桑(Coriaria japonica A．Gray ssp．)、小飞蓬(Comnyza canadensis L．Cronq．)、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum Patrin．)、板栗(Castanea mollissima L．)的提取物对菜粉蝶(Pieris Tapae L．)幼虫的拒食效果好，取食24h与48h后拒食率均达到80％以上；以小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L．)为试虫，仅黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L．)的提取物对其具有较强的拒食活性，取食24h和48h拒食率分别为95．55％和91．84％。     

组氨醇脱氢酶抑制剂的研究动态

组氨醇脱氢酶(HDH)是组氨酸生物合成过程中最后两步反应的催化酶。对组氨醇脱氢酶的结构、催化机理、组氨醇脱氢酶抑制剂等方面的研究动态进行了较为详细的综述。     

青海双峰驼的血清同工酶酶谱

采用聚丙烯酰胺胺凝胶电泳法对６４峰青海双峰驼的四种血清同工酶酶谱进行研究。结果表明：（１）酯酶呈现单一的ＥＳａ型；（２）淀粉酶由ＡＭＹ１，ＡＭＹ２和ＡＷＭＹ３三种同工酶组成单一酶谱；（３）乳酸脱氢酶和碱性磷酸酶同工酶酶谱存在年龄差异；（４）成年驼和幼年驼的碱性磷酸酶均有不同的同工酶酶谱。     

酒精溶液对斥水土壤入渗规律的试验研究

采用室内土柱积液入渗试验,进行了不同斥水程度的2种土质的酒精溶液和蒸馏水的对比入渗试验研究,对比了不同斥水程度的土壤累积入渗量和入渗率随时间的变化,验证了Kostiakov公式在斥水土壤酒精溶液入渗的适应性,探索了i与t-1/2的拟合关系,以及全盐量和氯离子的剖面分布。结果表明,酒精入渗条件下,斥水性的存在明显影响土壤的入渗性能,而不同程度斥水性的斥水土壤的入渗能力变化不明显,但明显小于亲水土壤;湿润土层内的全盐量和Cl-的淋洗在不斥水条件下效果不明显,而在斥水土壤中较为明显,且在湿润锋处达到最大值;对土壤入渗率与入渗历时的关系,Kostiakov公式的适应性较好;i与t-1/2呈良好的指数关系。斥水性的存在影响酒精溶液入渗,但不同斥水程度的斥水土壤入渗不受酒精溶液的影响。与蒸馏水入渗相比,酒精溶液入渗极大地加速了土壤的入渗过程。     

发酵脱氢产氢过程对微生物铁还原的影响

发酵型微生物是铁还原菌中的主要类群,但其发酵产氢过程对铁还原的作用尚不清楚,为此采用接种水稻土浸提液混合培养的方法对微生物分别利用葡萄糖、丙酮酸盐和乳酸盐为碳源时,Fe（Ⅲ）还原过程中脱氢酶活性变化、培养体系pH、氢气分压及铁还原特征进行分析,探讨了发酵微生物脱氢产氢过程与微生物Fe（Ⅲ）还原的内在关系。结果表明：2种水稻土浸提液中的微生物均能够以葡萄糖为优势碳源进行脱氢、产氢及还原氧化铁,Fe（OH）,可以诱导脱氢酶的产生,利用葡萄糖时脱氢酶活性在厌氧培养的4-6d出现最大峰值,利用丙酮酸盐和乳酸盐时脱氢酶活性出现峰值的时间分别为培养的15d和21-22d,脱氢酶活性出现峰值的时间与最大铁还原速率Vmax显著负相关、与最大反应速率对应的时间zk存在显著正相关关系。脱氢产氢过程中产生的H＋导致培养体系pH的变化是影响铁还原过程的主要原因,培养体系pH与体系氢气分压及Fe（Ⅱ）累积量呈极显著负相关。微生物利用不同碳源产氢时,利用葡萄糖的产氢能力最高,丙酮酸盐次之,乳酸盐最低。Fe（OH）3的加入增加了氢气的消耗量,培养体系氢气分压与Fe（Ⅱ）累积量存在极显著正相关关系。     

Water quality affects SDH activity, protein content and RNA:DNA ratios in fish (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Oreochromis mossambicus) raised in ponds of a sewage-fed fish farm

The spatial and seasonal variability of the respiratory enzyme succinate dehydrogenase and the protein content were examined in different tissues of fish cultured in three ponds along the effluent gradient of a sewage-fed fish farm. Indian major carp Catla catla (150-230 g) and Labeo rohita (60-190 g) cultured in both the middle and last points of the sewage effluent (stocking pond 1) and (stocking pond 4) and Oreochromis mossambicus (50-160 g), a naturally growing fish of the inlet (facultative pond) and the out let of the sewage effluent (stocking pond 4) were procured every month during the period of January-December, 2005 and were subjected to determination of succinate dehydrogenase activity, total protein, DNA and RNA contents from gill, liver and muscle tissue respectively. The SDH activity of all three test fishes (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Oreochromis mossambicus) was reduced significantly (ANOVA; P < 0.05) when cultured in SP-4 compared to SP-1 in the case of Catla catla and Labeo rohita and in facultative pond in the case of Oreochromis mossambicus.Conspicuous differences in the SDH activity of fish between the last and first stocking pond or the facultative pond were clearly due to the result of the differences in water quality. There was a direct relationship between SDH activity in gill tissue of any of the fish investigated and ammonia-N concentration of water or water pH. This shows that the respiratory activity of these fishes was strongly affected by the ammonia and pH of water. In other words, this suggests that as the distance from the point source increases, there was a substantial improvement of water quality in the ponds located along the sewage effluent gradient. Evidently, there is a progressive pattern of growth, survival and physiological health of fish and abundance of favorable diversity of food organisms with rich biodiversity.     

铜缺乏奶牛神经递质酶的组化特征

为探讨铜缺乏对奶牛大脑、小脑及脊髓乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACHEase)组化特征(分布特点及活性)的影响.本实验选择铜缺乏症高发区自然发病的奶犊牛6头.剖杀后采集大脑、小脑、脊髓作冰冻切片及酶组化染色.以6头同年生健康奶犊牛为对照.实验结果表明.发病奶牛大脑、小脑及脊髓中ACHEase计数值均显著低于对照组奶牛(P(0.05);除大脑外,铜缺乏奶牛脊髓上小脑中ACHEase的扫描值也显著低于对照组(P(0.05);发病奶牛组织中ACHEase酶颗粒的分布也发生特征性的变化.结论:神经递质酶活性的改变是导致奶牛铜缺乏症病理过程的重要原因.