荔枝蒂蛀虫羽化及交配行为研究

[目的]研究荔枝蒂蛀虫羽化规律及其交配行为。[方法]在室内观察荔枝蒂蛀虫的羽化规律、成虫交配行为。[结果]荔枝蒂蛀虫雌、雄茧蛹集中在进入暗期6h后的时间段内羽化,进入暗期2h为羽化高峰;荔枝蒂蛀虫茧蛹第6～9天为羽化高峰期,雌雄性比接近1：1。暗期8h后为荔枝蒂蛀虫的交配高峰期。荔枝蒂蛀虫雌蛾羽化当天不进行交配,2～8日龄雌蛾均可交配．2、3日龄雌蛾进入交配高峰期;1～15日龄雄蛾均可交配,2-5日龄雄蛾进入交配高峰期。[结论]该研究摸清了荔枝蒂蛀虫羽化规律及其交配行为。     

西德黑白花奶牛在合肥地区的适应性

对于从西德下萨克森州引进的79头黑白花奶牛青年牛经过一年饲养后进行了各种指标观察,并与合肥的中国黑白花奶牛及西德原产地的黑白花牛进行对照比较。结果,引进牛的体高、体长、体重、胸围均超过合肥牛;公牛采精量也明显较高。母牛初配年龄早,受胎率略低,产犊间隔短,200天平均产奶3530.5kg,奶中干物质12.48％,乳脂率4％以上,达到了西德原产地的水平。     

Modeling multiscale effects of light limitations and edge-induced mortality on carbon stores in forest landscapes

Analyses of carbon (C) dynamics at broad scales usually do not consider spatial interactions. The assumption is that C dynamics can be modeled within homogenous (i.e., even-aged) patches and then summed to predict broad-scale dynamics (an additive approach). The goal of this paper is to elucidate the scales over which this additive approach is sufficient to explain observed C dynamics at broad scales. We define emergent behaviors (vs. emergent properties) as those behaviors that cannot be predicted solely from the additive properties of units at a finer scale. We used a forest process model to check for possible emergent behaviors due to pattern-process interactions at multiple levels, from the patch to the landscape. Specifically, using artificial forest landscapes with various spatial structures, we estimated the relative effects of edge-induced, tree mortality (mainly due to wind) and light limitations on C dynamics. Emergent behaviors were observed at all levels examined, indicating that emergent behaviors did not cease as one proceeded from the patch to the landscape level, as we had expected. However, the magnitude of the emergent behaviors depended on the level of spatial interaction considered as well as the type and intensity of the processes included. In all simulations, interactions of light and wind processes resulted in significant emergent behaviors only when parameters controlling wind mortality were set to the highest levels observed in the literature. In one simulation, the magnitude of emergent behaviors differed among the landscapes, indicating that interactions among patches may not be accounted for by an additive correction for edge effects unless spatial interactions are addressed. The implication is that some C dynamics in fragmented landscapes may not be captured at broad-scales using an additive approach, whereas in other cases spatial interactions are small enough to be ignored.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

新型土壤熏蒸剂二甲基二硫研究进展

采用熏蒸剂进行土壤消毒可有效控制设施作物及高附加值作物的土传有害生物,其中熏蒸效果突出的熏蒸剂溴甲烷由于会破坏臭氧层而被禁用,导致土传有害生物熏蒸治理过程中缺乏高效稳定的熏蒸产品。二甲基二硫是一种新型熏蒸剂,对有害线虫具有高活性,可兼治部分土传病原菌及杂草。广谱、安全和高效等优点使其成为最有推广应用前景的溴甲烷替代药剂,或将改善国内杀线虫熏蒸剂缺乏的局面。该文系统综述了国内外关于二甲基二硫对土传有害生物的防控活性、作用机制和降解、散发逃逸、扩散分布及残留等环境行为,以及对土壤养分、微生物及非靶标生物等方面的影响,以期为二甲基二硫的开发及推广应用提供参考。     

依据温热因子和奶牛行为判定内蒙古地区夏季奶牛热应激程度

研究夏季内蒙古地区牛舍温热因子和奶牛行为的变化规律,为热应激防控提供依据。采用手持式环境检测仪每小时记录舍内外温湿度和风速,并记录舍内外奶牛头数、采食、饮水、站立和躺卧头数以及每头牛的呼吸评分。结果表明:(1)从0:00到24:00,牛舍内外温度和温湿度指数呈先下降后升高再下降的趋势;(2)除采食行为外,奶牛在舍内外分布、躺卧、站立和饮水行为均与舍内外温度变化有关;(3)0:00到24:00期间,舍内外奶牛平均呼吸评分基本呈先升高后下降的趋势;9:00~17:00之间,舍外奶牛呼吸评分高于舍内。综上判定,奶牛有20h处于轻度热应激、10h处于中度热应激期、1h处于严重热应激。     

茶树染色体技术研究

介绍了茶树有丝分裂染色体核型、C带、G带、银染与小孢子减数染色体的制片技术及其关键步骤,其中包括作者创新的高温G带诱导系列法和小孢子染色体改良涂片法。所有这些技术的特点是制片成功率高,稳定性好,技术不复杂。此外,还介绍了观察染色体数目的简易方法。     

Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract and ginsenosides on the Vascular Activity Substance production in endothelium cells

Though Ginkgo biloba extract(GBE)and ginsennosides(GS)also have notability bioactivity on cardiovascular disease,there is little literature about applying the compound of them to treat cardiovascular disease.After endothelium cells suffering from oxidative injury were treated with serum containing GBE,GS and the compound of them(GG),respectively,production of NO,ET and MDA in them was observed by applying serum pharmacology.Both GBE and GS up-regulate NO level and down-regulate ET-1 and MDA level in endothelium cells suffering from oxidative injury.Anti-oxidation activity increased after GBE and GS were combined.But the NO up-regulation of GG was inferior to that of GBE and GS,which decreased by 29.9% and 66.7% when compared with that of GBE and GS,respectively.The ET-1 down-regulation of GG was superior to that of GBE, but decreased by 11.6% compared with that of GS.The compatibility of GBE and GS do not show synergic effect on NO and ET-1 regulation in endothelium cells and it is valuable to discuss that the compound of GBE and GS is used to treat cardiovascular diseases.     

基于深度图像的蛋鸡行为识别方法

基于深度图像分析技术研究了一种针对蛋鸡群体行为(分布指数、水平活跃度和垂直活跃度)和群体中个体行为(采食、躺、站和坐)经济简单的自动识别方法。系统由1台3D照相机同步采集数字和深度图像数据,并开发软件进行蛋鸡行为的自动识别,系统5 s采集1次图像数据,共进行10 d的数据采集。描述了行为识别算法并进行了行为识别结果分析。算法对蛋鸡的采食、躺、站和坐的识别准确率分别为90.3%、91.5%、87.5%和56.2%。坐行为识别率较低的原因主要是有时蛋鸡站着探索地面会被误判为坐,这可能与两者之间的分割阈值不够精确有关。     

家庭农场测土配方施肥技术采纳行为及收入效应研究

测土配方施肥技术不仅有利于减少化肥的施用,还有利于控制农业面源污染,促进农民节支增收,是实现农业可持续发展的重要方式。基于理性小农理论,利用东北地区种植型家庭农场调查数据,运用内生转换模型,分析影响家庭农场采纳测土配方施肥技术的行为因素,探究测土配方施肥技术对家庭农场农业收入效应的影响。结果表明,东北地区家庭农场测土配方施肥技术采纳率仅为44.62%,采纳率偏低。年龄对该技术采纳呈现负向影响,受教育程度、农业技术培训、风险偏好、经营规模、土地流转期限和示范农场显著正向影响家庭农场对该技术的选择;受教育程度越高、接受过农业技术培训、风险偏好和示范农场对采纳该技术的家庭农场增收效果显著,经营规模大的家庭农场其采纳测土配方施肥技术收入提升效果最好。研究表明,测土配方施肥技术具有明显正向收入效应,能够显著提高家庭农场农业收入。因此,提出加快健全测土配方施肥技术推广机制,提升家庭农场主的人力资本水平,逐步改善测土配方施肥技术应用的约束条件,完善风险补偿机制,提倡家庭农场适度规模经营等政策建议。     

乡村振兴背景下农业科技人才参与培训行为影响因素研究 ——以河南省为例

农业科技人才培训,不仅事关农业科技人才的职业发展,而且影响乡村振兴战略的顺利实施。基于计划行为理论,以河南省为例,利用农业科技人才调查数据,采用结构方程模型,分析农业科技人才参与培训意愿和行为,探讨其影响因素。结果表明,农业科技人才参与培训意愿和培训行为的积极性一般,其均值分别为3.20和3.08。农业科技人才参与培训意愿对参与培训行为有显著的正向影响;行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制对农业科技人才的参与培训意愿有显著的正向影响,其中行为态度对参与培训意愿的影响最大,其次是知觉行为控制,主观规范的影响最小;参与培训意愿在行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制对培训行为的影响中起中介作用。因此,建议政府从注重政策引导、营造培训氛围;关注培训需求、促进职业发展;加大经费投入、完善体制机制等方面提高农业科技人才的参与培训意愿,引导农业科技人才积极参与培训行为。