MS based proteomic approaches for analysis of barley malt

In this review, we summarize advances in the proteomic analysis of barley, especially those involving mass spectrometric detection. We focus particularly on monitoring of global protein expression in barley malt and changes in proteins during the technological processing of barley grains.     

A reassessment of the electrophoretic mobility of high molecular weight glutenin subunits of wheat

The high molecular weight subunits of wheat glutenin (HMW-GS) are important for bread-making quality. Their composition is routinely identified by Tris-glycine SDS-PAGE after reduction of glutenin disulfide bonds. However, the relation between their molecular weight and, hence, their primary structure, and their mobility in Tris-glycine SDS-PAGE has proven to be ambiguous. We demonstrate a Bis-Tris SDS-PAGE procedure with a neutral, instead of alkaline, pH in the gel and running buffers. In this method commonly occurring HMW-GS from wheat migrated in the order 5 > 2 ≈ 3 > 1 > 6 ≈ 2* > 7 > 8 > 9 > 12 > 10, which is different from the order obtained in the Tris-glycine system. HMW-GS were identified by N-terminal sequencing after isolation with RP-HPLC. Protein sequences of HMW-GS were further confirmed by LC-MS/MS analyses of chymotryptic peptides after comparing the MS data to amino acid sequences in protein databases. The numbers of amino acids of HMW-GS reflected well the mobility order in Bis-Tris SDS-PAGE. The results indicate that Bis-Tris SDS-PAGE may not only be used to identify HMW-GS, but also to estimate the length of their polypeptide chain, as such avoiding previously observed anomalies in migration order.     

CNG发动机运转参数对燃烧放热模型计算结果的影响

为了探讨压缩天然气(CNG)发动机运转参数对不同放热模型计算结果的影响,并确定各模型的适用范围,根据点燃式CNG发动机的缸内压力、曲轴转角等测试结果,采用3种放热率模型(Gatowski etal模型,Apparent heat release模型和R-W(Rassweiler-Withrow)模型)分别计算了燃烧放热率、已燃质量分数等参数,并进一步分析了发动机运转参数对不同放热模型计算结果的影响规律.研究结果表明,采用Apparent heat release模型和R-W模型计算所得到的燃烧放热率、已燃质量分数差异很小,二者可通用;点火提前角和过量空气系数对3种模型的计算结果差异影响很小;当节气门开度较小时,3种模型的计算结果差异很小;与其他两种模型相比,Gatowski et al模型的计算结果受发动机转速的影响更加明显;当节气门开度较小或者发动机转速高时,这3种模型可通用;当发动机转速较低时,与其他两种模型相比,采用Gatowski et al模型更加理想和精确.     

基于三维建模和数值模拟的CNG发动机进气系统分析

发动机进气系统的结构直接影响到发动机各缸的燃烧情况以及热负荷等各项性能,利用CFD技术建立三维流动模型,根据CFD计算经验将进气管内的气体流动视为三维可压缩定常流动。根据进气系统的CAD图利用GAMBIT软件建立三维模型并进行网格划分,最后用FLUENT软件进行三维流动的模拟计算,得到流场内各处流体速度的分布和变化情况,计算出各歧管出口处的流体质量流量,并分析了进气的不均匀性。     

基于近红外光谱法无损检测芦柑表面多种农药残留研究

以表面喷施不同浓度梯度的乙酰甲胺磷和毒死蜱混合农药的芦柑为研究对象。把两种农药以1:1比例混合,然后用自来水配置成1:100、1:300、1:500三种浓度农药溶液,分别喷施在192个芦柑表面上。采集近红外光谱数据后,应用NY/T761―2008方法 ,通过SP―6890气象色谱仪检测芦柑表面两种农药的残留量。对所得数据分别采用多元散射校正(MSC)和标准正态变量变换(SNV)两种光谱预处理方法 ,并结合联合区间偏最小二乘法(SiPLS)建立农药残留预测模型。结果表明:采用MSC的光谱预处理方法时建立的乙酰甲胺磷预测模型较优,其预测集相关系数R为0.8199;而采用SNV的光谱预处理时建立的SiPLS毒死蜱预测模型较优,其预测集相关系数为0.8434。可见,应用近红外光谱技术定量检测芦柑表面多种农药残留是可行的。     

盘龙七中儿茶素的含量测定

[目的]建立HPLC测定盘龙七中儿茶素含量的方法。[方法]采用超声波辅助提取,HPLC法测定,色谱条件为：色谱柱为Kroma-sil-C18（4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm）,流动相为无水甲醇-水-冰醋酸（15：84：1,V/V/V）,流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为276 nm。[结果]儿茶素的线性范围为0.624～3.12 μg/ml（r=0.9993）,平均回收率为100.05%,RSD为1.73%（n=6）。[结论]该测定方法简便、准确,可用于盘龙七中儿茶素的含量测定。     

植物磷酸化蛋白质组研究进展

在介绍磷酸化蛋白富集技术和质谱技术的基础上,综述了近年来磷酸化蛋白质组的研究进展,并对其研究前景进行了展望。     

三甲基氯硅烷涂层毛细管胶束电动色谱法测定苯甲酸和邻苯二甲酸

[目的]建立测定苯甲酸和邻苯二甲酸含量的毛细管胶束电动色谱涂层新方法。[方法]采用三甲基氯硅烷涂层的毛细管胶束t动色谱一紫外二极管阵列检测的新方法来分离测定饮料中的苯甲酸和实验室废水中的苯甲酸和邻笨二甲酸,考察了波长、pH值、缓≯介质和电压等因素对苯甲酸和邻苯二甲酸分离测定的影响。[结果]以20mmol／LSDS＋35retool／L硼砂（pH值9．5）为运行缓冲液,_检测波长为210nm,分离电压为14kV条件下,苯甲酸和邻苯二甲酸在3min内实现分离,在2～800μg/L范围内两者峰高与浓度有J好的线性关系,其相关系数分别为0．9993和0．9999,迁移时间的RSD分别为2．65％和3．69％,峰高的RSD分别是3．12％和4．52％,j出限分别为0．1067和0．1213μg／ml。[结论]该测定方法具有试样用量少、操作简捷、灵敏度和准确性好的特点,为防腐剂的分析提4了有效的检测方法。     

Role of exogenous phytohormones on growth and plumbagin accumulation in Plumbago indica hairy roots and conservation of elite root clones via synthetic seeds

The present study describes the role of different exogenous hormones on morphology and plumbagin production in Plumbago indica hairy roots. It was also aimed to conserve elite root clones via synthetic seed technology. Insertion of rolB gene in transformed roots was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction followed by southern blot analysis. Hairy roots were treated with single or in combination of different phytohormones viz. IAA, IBA, 2, 4-D, NAA, BAP, GA₃ and ABA. Cultures incubated with GA₃ (0.5 mg l⁻¹) yielded highest root growth due to formation of profuse lateral branching while NAA (0.5 mg l⁻¹) treatment caused highest plumbagin accumulation. Cultures incubated with 2, 4-D exhibited highest inhibitory effect in terms of both root growth and plumbagin production. All phytohormones were found to be effective at lower concentration. In combinatorial study, GA₃ + NAA (0.5 mg l⁻¹, each) was found optimum for root biomass and plumbagin production at earlier stage of culture. Different combinations of auxins and BAP induced different morphologies ranging from reduction of lateral branching to rapid disorganization of root matrix. The combinations of ABA and selected auxins were not found promising at any of selected concentration. Based on the effect of exogenous hormones on hairy root culture, elite root clones were selected and encapsulated with sodium alginate matrix. Uniform shaped alginate coated synthetic seeds were conserved up to 6 months exhibited high regeneration potential without disturbing plumbagin content.     

Soil Nutrients Status after Fifty Years of Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization

Long-term studies are valuable in assessing the impact of crop management practices on soil sustainability and function. This study used two calculation scenarios, fixed depth and Equivalent Soil Mass (ESM) to assess (i) soil nutrient status and (ii) soil organic carbon (SOC) after 50 years of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates (0, 22, 45, and 67 kg N ha^?1) and tillage [clean tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no-tillage (NT)] in a dryland winter wheat-sorghum-fallow cropping system. The soil organic matter (SOM) content increased by 33% with NT and RT compared with CT. The SOC at 0–30 cm was 39% greater than 30–60 cm depth with both fixed depth and ESM calculations. Soil nutrient specifically soil calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) associated with N rates were no different than the control. Crop nutrient removal may eventually reduce soil nutrient contents with only N application. Nutrient addition specifically P should be considered in the future.