热风干燥过程中山药水分状态的变化研究

为了解山药的水分赋存状态的变化,以襄阳道地山药为材料,分别在60、70、80、90、100 ℃条件下进行热风干燥,采用低场核磁共振（LF-NMR）和差式量热扫描（DSC）技术,每隔15 min测定山药在热风干燥过程中的水分状态及迁移规律。结果表明,在60~90 ℃条件下,温度越高,干基含水率的降速越快。山药的T2弛豫图谱有3个较为明显的吸收峰,随干燥进程的延续,各峰面积均明显减少,其中自由水所在峰的面积降幅最大,表明干燥过程中自由水散失最多,而且自由水逐渐向半结合水和结合水迁移,冷冻峰和解冻峰也随之变小。但在100 ℃下干燥时,样品可能因表面板结导致干基含水率、低场核磁吸收峰升高,冷冻和解冻峰面积增加。因此,在实际干燥过程中,山药的热风干燥温度不宜高至100 ℃。     

中药复方治疗感染DHBV麻鸭的研究

本研究以人工感染鸭乙型肝炎病毒（ Ｄ Ｈ Ｂ Ｖ）的麻鸭为实验模型,用两组中药复方进行体内抗病毒实验研究。结果表明：１实验结束时,两个治疗组麻鸭的平均体重增长值显著高于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０００１）,而平均肝重显著低于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０００１）,肝系数也显著小于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０００１）;２两个治疗组麻鸭随着服药时间的延长, Ｄ Ｈ Ｂ Ｖ 转阴率持续增加,实验结束时转阴率均分别显著高于对照组（２９２７％ 与３０５６％ ８１１％ , Ｐ＜ ００５）;而且未出现 Ｄ Ｈ Ｂ Ｖ 转阴后又转阳现象。提示这两组中药复方不仅具有抗病毒的作用,而且药物安全、药效稳定,且有较好的治疗效果;建议试用于临床治疗乙型肝炎。     

Effects of organic fertilizers on yam productivity and some soil properties of a nutrient-depleted tropical Alfisol

Field experiments were conducted at Owo, southwest Nigeria to select organic fertilizer treatments most suitable for sustaining high soil fertility and yam productivity on a nutrient-depleted tropical Alfisol. Eight organic fertilizer treatments were applied at 20 t ha^?1 with a reference treatment inorganic fertilizer (NPK 15–15–15) at 400 kg ha^?1 and natural soil fertility (control), laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that organic fertilizers significantly increased (p = 0.05) tuber weight and growth of yam, soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg, soil pH and organic C concentrations compared with the NSF (control). The oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased tuber weight, vine length, number of leaves and leaf area of yam by 66, 25, 21 and 52%, respectively, compared with inorganic fertilizer (NPK) and 37, 22, 19 and 44%, respectively, compared with poultry manure alone. Sole or mixed forms of organic fertilizers showed significant improvement in soil physical conditions compared with IF (NPK) and NSF (control). Synergistic use of oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure at 10 t ha^?1 each was most effective for sustainable management of soils and for improving agronomic productivity of yam.     

钼硒配施对小白菜钼硒形态及硒价态的影响

通过盆栽试验研究钼硒配施对水培小白菜钼硒形态及硒价态的影响。结果表明:施硒增加了小白菜地上部及地下部醇溶态和水溶态钼含量,降低了小白菜地上部及地下部盐溶态及醋酸溶态钼的含量,增加了地下部盐酸溶态钼含量,对地上部盐酸溶态钼含量没有太大的影响。施钼对小白菜地上部醇溶态、水溶态硒含量影响不大,增加了盐溶态及盐酸溶态硒的含量,降低了醋酸溶态硒的含量;施钼对小白菜地下部醇溶态硒含量影响不大,降低了水溶态硒的含量,增加了盐溶态、醋酸溶态及盐酸溶态硒的含量。施用四价的亚硒酸钠对小白菜可食部位硒的有机化较为有利,并且施钼也能促进高硒水平下小白菜体内硒的有机化。因此,钼硒配施虽然对小白菜体内钼和硒的各赋存形态有拮抗作用也有协同作用,但是有利于生产富含有机硒的作物。     

盐钙胁迫下大白菜干烧心病的发生及矿质营养分配

以大白菜抗、感干烧心病自交系(C8、651A)及其杂交种F1代(651AXC8,C8X651A)为试验材料,进行无钙营养液和100mmol.L-1NaCl处理,20d后调查植株的矿质元素含量、干重和发病率。结果表明,苗期营养液无钙处理比根际盐胁迫更容易导致大白菜干烧心病的发生,无钙处理下651A的发病率显著高于盐胁迫处理,且叶柄和叶片中钙含量与干烧心病发生正相关,正反交均能提高品种抗性。盐钙处理均抑制了氮磷钙的吸收,盐处理下品系651A叶片的氮、磷、钙吸收抑制率分别为25.43%、22.00%、31.18%;无钙处理使叶柄中钾镁含量显著增加,651A叶柄中钾镁含量分别比对照增加51.00%和12.08%;抗病品系651A和正反交F1代的钙钠含量均显著高于感病品系C8。     

杉木人工林不同采伐方式综合效益研究

采用层次分析法,对杉木人工林不同采伐方式的生态、社会、经济及综合效益进行分析,结果表明:经济效益方面,皆伐最高,70%择伐次之,50%择伐第三,30%择伐最小;生态效益方面,70%择伐最高,皆伐最小;社会效益方面,50%择伐最高,皆伐最小。综合效益以70%强度择伐最大,50%择伐其次,皆伐第三,30%择伐最小。建议杉木林主伐采用强度为70%择伐方式进行。     

基于单木过程模型的杉木林分生长模拟研究

基于林分尺度的3-PG模型原理,在考虑单木林分生理生态过程的基础上,改进了生物量积累和分配子模型,建立适应于单木生长的生理生态过程模型,实现基于单木过程模型的林分生长预测。选择胸径和树高生长量2个指标与实测值对比分析,结果表明:改进模型对胸径和树高生长量的模拟平均精度分别为95.57%和91.16%,均明显高于3-PG模型对应的89.4%和85.18%的平均模拟精度,改进模型的模拟精度显著提高,模拟效果更好。     

Identification and mapping of a novel Turnip mosaic virus resistance gene TuRBCS01 in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.)

We aimed to identify Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) resistance genes in Chinese cabbage by analysing the TuMV resistance of 43 P₁ (resistant), 88 P₂ (susceptible), 26 F₁, 104 B₁ (F₁ × P₁), 108 B₂ (F₁ × P₂) and 509 F₂ individuals. All parents and progeny populations were mechanically inoculated with TuMV‐C4. Both F₁ and B₁ populations showed TuMV resistance. Resistant: susceptible ratios in the B₂ and F₂ populations were 1 : 1 and 3 : 1, respectively. TuMV resistance in P₁ was controlled by a dominant gene, TuRBCS01. Bulked segregation analysis was performed to identify simple sequence repeat or insertion or deletion markers linked to TuRBCS01. Data from 108 B₂ individuals with resistant or susceptible phenotypes were analysed using mapmake r/exp 3.0. Polymorphic marker sequences were blast searched on http://brassicadb.org/brad/ . TuRBCS01 was found to be linked to eight markers: SAAS_mDN192117a_159 (3.3 cM), SAAS_mDN192117b_196 (4.0 cM), SAAS_mDN192403_148 (13.0 cM), SAAS_mGT084561_233 (6.8 cM), BrID10723 (3.3 cM), mBr4041 (3.3 cM), SAAS_mBr4055_194 (2.6 cM) and mBr4068 (4.0 cM). Further, TuRBCS01 was mapped to a 1.98‐Mb region on chromosome A04 between markers BrID10723 and SAAS_mBr4055_194.     

南方红壤区植被覆盖因子估算模型构建与验证

研究红壤区植被覆盖因子变化规律、构建植被覆盖因子计算模型可为该区域水土流失防治及动态监测提供科学依据。该研究基于广东省五华县水土保持试验推广站200余场降雨试验观测数据,分析了影响水土流失的各关键因子与次降雨土壤侵蚀模数(Individual Rainfall Event Soil Erosion Modulus,ISEM)间定量关系,基于中国土壤流失方程计算了系列次降雨事件不同植被覆盖度对应植被覆盖因子值,构建了植被覆盖因子值与植被覆盖度间数学模型,从点、面2个尺度对模型计算精度进行了验证。结果表明:1)ISEM随植被覆盖度增加而降低;ISEM与雨前土壤表层含水率间存在显著正相关对数关系;ISEM随坡度增加呈先增后减的变化规律;ISEM随次降雨量、次降雨侵蚀力和次降雨径流深呈显著正相关线性变化关系。2)构建了植被覆盖因子值与植被覆盖度间二阶指数衰减模型,该模型决定系数和纳什系数分别达0.947和0.876。点尺度验证结果表明90%样本模型计算值与观测值相对误差均小于0.30;面尺度验证结果表明,70%～80%的植被覆盖因子计算值相对误差不超过0.1。总体而言,该模型计算精度较为理想,...     

红枣树氮、磷、钾吸收与累积年周期变化规律

以6年树龄红枣树为试材,采用刨根、分解取样的方法,研究了年周期内各器官的生物量、氮、磷、钾含量和氮磷钾累积量变化动态.结果表明,红枣各器官中干物质、氮、磷、钾的积累均随生育期的推进呈增长趋势,从果实膨大期到果实成熟期均有一个急剧的上升过程.红枣树单株生物量年增加3908.5 g,氮、磷和钾年总吸收积累量分别为70.5、...