AgNO3对银杏胚愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响

为探讨AgNO3对不同发育期银杏胚愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响,以银杏3个不同发育程度合子胚为外植体,添加0～5 mg/L AgNO3做处理。结果表明：AgNO3能显著提高胚的愈伤诱导率：早期心形胚鱼雷形胚,早期子叶胚,成熟胚子叶分别在浓度1,0．5,0．1 mg/L时达到最大诱导率,为87％,77％,98％。隔代添加AgNO3促进了早期子叶胚愈伤的分化：1．0 mg/L处理在第90天分化出愈伤化银杏叶和胚类似物,3．0 mg/L处理分化出短小叶片;常规添加AgNO3的处理在0．1 mg/L分化出芽点。遮光处理表明：黑暗培养对愈伤诱导率影响不明显;添加活性炭时,AgNO3促进胚轴愈伤而抑制子叶愈伤,胚轴愈伤组织白色透明。综合分析表明：AgNO3能提高银杏胚的愈伤组织诱导率并促进其分化。     

The Effectiveness of Vernalization of Immature Embryos of Winter Wheat var. Grana as Related to Age and Exogenous Phytohormones

Starting from the 10th day after pollination, immature embryos of winter wheat var. Grana were isolated and then vernalized for 4 to 8 weeks on Murashige and Skoog nutrients containing BAP (0.5 or 2 mg/dm³), NAA (0.5 or 2 mg/dm³), or GA₃ (5 or 20 mg/dm³). Vernalized seedlings were cultivated in a greenhouse and the number of days to the heading of individual plants as well as the percentage of plants capable of generative development were estimated. The lower limit of size for 50 % survival of embryos strongly depended on the phytohormone used: from 0.9 mm in control, 1.1 mm in nutrient containing BAP, 1.2 mm for NAA, up to 1.7 mm in nutrient with GA₃. Exogenous GA₃ was lethal for embryos younger than 18 days but induced elongation of older embryos. Embryos isolated 2.5 to 4 weeks after pollination showed minimal requirements for the length of vernalization. BAP increased the percentage of heading plants originated from the youngest embryos. GA₃ improved partial vernalization, strongly increasing the percentage of heading plants, but did not change the time from the end of vernalization to heading. It has been postulated that GA₃ increases number of plants capable of overcoming the threshold of induction of generative development but does not accelerate the flowering process. Hormonized plants showed no deformation of generative development. As the effectiveness of vernalization increased, the heading of plants was faster but they were shorter, forming spikes with a smaller number of spikelets and producing fever lateral shoots. The very young embryos probably have in reserve sufficient amounts of auxins and gibberellins and therefore exogenous GA₃ decreases their viability or even exerts a deleterious effect. However, as the embryos' ageing, gibberellin starvation develops. This being especially pronounced during vernalization. The de novo synthesis or activation of gibberellins takes place during the second stage of vernalization. This is why exogenous hormone improves the effectiveness of partial vernalization, though it is not possible to substitute by gibberellins the vernalization requirements of immature embryos.     

孵化期间鸡胚蛋内蛋白质转移的研究

对不同日龄的广西黄鸡胚蛋的卵白、卵黄,胚胎中粗蛋白,尿囊液中的尿素氮含量进行了测定,结果表明,这些指标呈一定规律性变化:前期卵黄、卵白中蛋白质含量稳定,卵白中蛋白质在孵化的第9和12天胚龄含量较高,之后极显著下降。卵黄中的粗蛋白质含量呈逐渐增加的趋势。胚胎中的粗蛋白含量从9～12d胚龄显著降低;尿囊液中尿素氮的含量在12～21d胚龄迅速增加,21d胚龄达到最高水平。说明蛋白在中期转移最多,后期利用率较低。     

不同变温层积过程中东北红豆杉种子生理生化特性和胚形态的变化

用昼夜变温(20℃/10℃)-低温(4℃)、暖温(20℃)-低温(4℃)和低温(10℃)-低温(4℃)层积两阶段处理方法,研究变温层积处理过程中东北红豆杉种子生理生化特性的变化规律。结果表明:昼夜变温层积6个月后种胚长度和宽度分别由层积前的1.52和0.47 mm,增加到1.95和0.61 mm;昼夜变温-低温层积后种子可溶性糖含量达到46.3 mg/g,显著高于层积前;粗脂肪含量比层积前减少了3.8%;脱氢酶(TTC)活性持续增加,层积10个月后达到层积前的2倍多;葡萄糖六磷酸脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)活性在昼夜变温层积阶段下降,低温层积阶段上升;三磷酸腺苷(ATP)水平在昼夜变温层积过程中变化不大,而低温层积后ATP水平显著增加,达到层积前的3.9倍。昼夜变温-低温层积的种子裂口率为11.4%,出苗率为14.7%,显著高于暖温和低温处理,说明昼夜变温-低温处理效果优于暖温-低温和低温-低温处理。     

Constructing the barley model for genetic transformation in Triticeae

Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the oldest domesticated crops, showing dramatic adaptation to various climate and environmental conditions. As a major cereal crop, barley ranks the 4th after wheat, maize and rice in terms of planting area and production all over the world. Due to its diploid nature, the cultivated barley is considered as an ideal model to study the polyploid wheat and other Triticeae species. Here, we reviewed the development, optimization, and application of transgenic approaches in barley. The most efficient and robust genetic transformation has been built on the Agrobacterium-mediated transfer in conjunction with the immature embryo-based regeneration. We then discussed future considerations of using more practical technologies in barley transformation, such as the T-DNA/transposon tagging and the genome editing. As a cereal crop amenable to genetic transformation, barley will serve as the most valuable carrier for global functional genomics in Triticeae and is becoming the most practical model for generating value-added products.     

小鼠卵母细胞和早期胚胎端粒酶活性的测定

为了解小鼠早期发育过程中端粒酶的活性变化,本研究利用端粒重复序列扩增法(TRAP)进行了小鼠卵母细胞和附植前胚胎端粒酶活性的测定。结果表明,小鼠卵母细胞、桑椹胚和囊胚为端粒酶阳性,而2-细胞和8-细胞为阴性。依据电泳条带在成像系统下的光密度,计算相对总产品产量(TPG)的定量比较发现,囊胚端粒酶活性最高,为269.331;桑椹胚次之,为96.231;卵母细胞最低,为85.782。小鼠桑椹胚和囊胚胚胎记数及单细胞端粒酶活性比较结果显示,囊胚单细胞TPG最低,为3.45;桑椹胚单细胞略高于囊胚,为4.00;而卵母细胞最高,为85.782,大约是囊胚细胞的25倍。     

肉种鸡公鸡腿病的诊治

肉种鸡在饲养过程中腿病发生率很高,公鸡尤为明显和敏感,对以后种蛋的生产影响较大,严重影响其生产性能,使鸡场的经济效益严重受损。本文就一例肉种鸡公鸡发生腿病进行诊治,诊断结果为细菌感染,使用敏感抗生素阿莫西林治疗有效。     

不同质量浓度2,4-D对硬粒小麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的影响

以5种硬粒小麦成熟胚为外植体,研究了其在9种不同诱导培养基、2种不同分化培养基上的出愈率、诱导愈伤组织质量及分化率的差异.结果表明:在小麦愈伤组织的诱导阶段,当2,4 D的质量浓度在2.5～4.0mg·L-1时,5种小麦的愈伤组织均较好;在小麦愈伤组织的分化阶段,2,4 D质量浓度的变化对不同小麦愈伤组织分化的影响效果不同,但缺乏规律性;小麦的出愈率与愈伤组织质量无明显关系.