Responses of glutamine synthetase activity and gene expression to nitrogen levels in winter wheat cultivars with different grain protein content

Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a central role in plant nitrogen (N) metabolism, which improves crops grain protein content. A pot experiment in field condition was carried out to evaluate GS expression and activity, and grain protein content in high (Wanmai16) and low grain protein (Loumai24) wheat cultivars under two N levels (0.05 and 0.15 g N kg⁻¹ soil). High nitrogen (HN) resulted in significant increases in GS1 and GS2 expression at 10 days after anthesis (DAA), and higher GS activity during the entire grain filling stage. HN also significantly increased yield, grain protein content and protein fraction (except for glutenin of Luomai24) in two wheat cultivars, which indicated that it increased grain yield and protein content by improving nitrogen metabolism. Wanmai16 showed higher grain protein content, gliadin and glutenin content, and had higher expression level of GS2 both in flag leaves and grains at early grain filling stage. However, Luomai24 had greater yield and higher expression level of GS1. The difference expression of GS2 and GS1 genes indicates they had various contributions to the accumulation of protein and starch in wheat grains, respectively. The results suggest that GS2 would be serving as a potential breeding target for improving wheat quality.     

基于BP神经网络的旁热式辐射与对流粮食干燥过程模型

针对旁热式辐射与对流粮食干燥机的干燥特点,建立了一种粮食干燥机干燥过程的BP神经网络预测模型。该模型采用了3层神经网络结构(8-10-1),模型输入为粮食干燥机的8个变量,模型输出为出口粮食水分比或干燥速率。通过编写Matlab建模程序,基于实际干燥实验的样本数据训练与测试网络,实现了红外辐射与对流联合干燥的动力学模型,并给出了相应的模型数学表达式,模型预测的出口水分比与干燥速率的R2分别为0.998 9和0.998 0,均方根误差分别为0.009和0.004 1,预测结果与实际测量数据拟合较好;另外,结合实验干燥条件对模型干燥性能的预测结果进行了分析与总结,并依据同样方法建立了顺逆流粮食干燥过程的出口粮食水分比预测模型,对比了2种干燥方式的干燥性能。仿真预测表明用BP神经网络方法建模简单,具有自适应性、灵活性和自学习性等特点,相比于其他粮食干燥的经验数学模型,能综合考虑多种影响因素,可为红外辐射与对流联合干燥过程提供一种新的建模方法。     

基于智能算法优化SVM的横向通风过程中温度场预测方法探究

将改进的智能预测技术应用于储粮横向通风过程中的粮堆温度预测,为粮食通风智能预测与决策提供了一种新思路。选取河北清苑国家粮食储备库冬季横向通风的实时监测数据,在分析主要影响因素的基础上,应用三种智能优化算法——网格寻优算法、GA遗传算法寻优、PSO粒子群算法,结合回归支持向量机理论,对粮堆的通风过程进行建模。结果表明,优化过的回归预测模型能较好地拟合粮食温度与其他变量之间的非线性关系,尤其是当样本数量较为有限时,该方法具有更高的拟合精度,更适合对储粮通风这一强非线性过程的预测研究,对于人工干预操作具有一定的现实指导意义。     

如何提高奥氏气体分析仪检测粮堆中CO_2和O_2浓度的准确度

介绍了检测粮堆中CO_2和O_2气体浓度所用奥氏气体分析仪的构造、原理、操作,提出了提高奥氏气体分析仪检测准确度的方法建议。     

粮食污染物残留免疫分析技术研究与示范

随着人们对粮食安全问题的重视,政府部门不断加强对粮食安全的监测工作。针对粮食生产、加工、储运过程中的化学污染物安全性问题,研究粮食污染物快速监测技术,研究污染物免疫分析方法通过利用抗原、抗体的特异性反应来检测农药含量,设计并筛选吡虫啉、多溴联苯醚、功夫菊酯、氰戊菊酯4种半抗原,制备相关高特异性的抗体,分析吡虫啉、多溴联苯醚、功夫菊酯与气相色谱法(GC)相比,稻谷、大米、玉米样品通过相关性分析均高度相关,操作简便、快速。     

脱水对万寿竹种子发芽及部分抗逆生理指标的影响

[目的]探究万寿竹种子脱水过程中,发芽及部分抗逆生理指标的变化情况,为万寿竹种子贮藏及采收提供理论依据.[方法]利用室温硅胶干燥法获得45.90％、40.50％、38.07％、33.08％、27.26％、16.67％、14.63％7个含水量梯度的种子,以未干燥的种子(49.12％)为空白对照,分别测定各个含水量梯度种子的生活力、发芽率、电导率、CAT、SOD、POD、AsA-POD活性、MDA、可溶性蛋白质含量.[结果]种子含水量保持在33.08％以上时,能保持较高的生活力、发芽率,当含水量下降到33.08％以下时,种子发芽率和生活力开始显著下降.[结论]万寿竹种子不耐脱水,属于顽拗性种子,贮藏时含水量应保持在33.08％以上.     

The effects of various plant protection methods on the development of Zymoseptoria tritici and Cephalosporium gramineum,grain yield and protein profile

Septoria leaf blotch progresses rapidly, leading to the development of Zymoseptoria titici forms resistant to fungicides. Cephalosporium stripe is caused by Cephalosporium gramineum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of selected pesticides in limiting the symptoms of both diseases on winter wheat leaves, and to determine their influence on grain yield and the content and composition of protein fractions in wheat kernels. Propiconazoles were most effective in inhibiting the development of Septoria leaf blotch (symptoms were reduced from 54.7% to 78.6%). Strobilurins were less effective due to the presence of isolates with the G143A mutation. Symptoms of Cephalosporium stripe were rarely observed, and protective treatments did not reduce their severity. The highest content of grain protein (14.81%) was found in plants most intensely protected with the fungicides containing fenpropimorph, pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole. The principal component analysis revealed that the plant protection method influenced the grain protein profile. The accumulation of HMW glutenins and α/β gliadins was mutually interrelated and higher in high-input treatments; control grain was characterized by close relationships between ω-gliadins, LMW glutenins, albumins and globulins, whereas low-input treatments influenced mostly γ-gliadins.     

径向基神经网络在猪胴体瘦肉率预测中的应用

猪胴体瘦肉率(LMP)是评价猪肉品质的重要指标之一,在生产线上快速而准确地预测出其数值并进行分级是并不可少的。目前,国内大部分厂家依然采取屠宰后人工称重测量的方法,耗时耗力,且存在相当大的误差。为此,随机抽取了116头皖北地区商品猪,选定眼肌面积、背膘厚及腿臀比作为参考数据,以Mat Lab工具箱作为研究工具,利用BP、Elman和RBF等3种不同的神经网络建立预测模型,统计后进行比较分析。实验表明:3种模型的神经网络均可用于瘦肉率预测,但RBF网络误差最小,训练速度最快,学习能力最强,最适合用于建立瘦肉率的预测模型。     

5TYS280玉米脱粒清选试验台的设计研究

我国夏播玉米主要集中在黄淮海地区,其生长期短、收获时籽粒含水率高,直接脱粒收获易造成籽粒破碎,脱净率与籽粒破碎率和含杂率之间的矛盾,作业质量较难保证。目前,针对高含水率玉米脱粒清选装置的系统理论与试验研究均较少,因此设计开发了一种玉米脱粒清选试验台。其主要由机架、脱粒分离装置、清选装置、输送装置、电机控制及转速数据采集系统等部件组成。以籽粒破碎率和含杂率为评价指标,通过调整滚筒转速、滚筒倾角、凹板间隙、筛网倾角、曲轴转速及风机转速等关键因素水平,进行单因素多水平试验及多因素多水平正交试验,确定高含水率玉米脱粒清选装置的最佳参数组合,为玉米籽粒收获机脱粒清选部件设计、改进及参数选择提供依据。     

基于"节水增粮行动"取用水合理性分析及补偿措施建议

通过对凌海市节水增粮建设规模、取用水方案及取水合理性分析,其水资源开发利用通过采取管灌、膜下滴灌等工程,可以提高项目区水土资源利用效率,从而达到合理开发利用水资源的目的.本文并对取水的影响与补偿措施提出合理化建议.该项目的实施有利于提高农业综合生产力,保障粮食增产增收.