彩色马蹄莲离体快繁体系的优化

以彩色马蹄莲球茎为外植体,通过不定芽途径建立彩色马蹄莲离体快繁体系。结果表明：采用“二次消毒法”能够明显降低初代培养过程中的污染率;由外植体直接诱导产生不定芽的彩色马蹄莲快繁体系切实可行,最佳不定芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA1mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L,不定芽增殖培养基为MS+6-BA2mg/L+NAA1mg/L,最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+6-BA0.1mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L+AC0.5 mg/L;炼苗3d后移栽到土壤:河沙:草炭土=1:1:1的土壤中,并进行遮阳处理,成活率90％以上。     

Optimizing the lighting regime for Alstroemeria with respect to photoperiod and fluence rates

The Alstroemeria cultivars Diamond, King Cardinal and Libelle were grown for 18 months under five lighting regimes with, and without, soil cooling. The aim was to optimize the daily investment of light energy from artificial sources with respect to photoperiod and photosynthetic fluence rates and to elucidate possible links between reactions to photoperiod and root-zone temperature. The more photons (photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) that were supplied to the plants per day (8, 11 and 13 mol m⁻²), the higher was the total production of flowering stems. The total yield from regimes with 13 mol m⁻² day⁻¹ was higher when the light was spread over 20 and 16 h compared to 12 h. In treatments with soil cooling, the plants flowered continuously under all combinations of photoperiods and photosynthetic fluence rates, and the summer and autumn recession in flower production that occurred for non-cooled ‘King Cardinal' and ‘Diamond' was the same under all lighting regimes. It is concluded that it might be more cost-effective to spread the daily investment of light over 20 rather than 16 or 12 h when the total energy budget and CO₂ costs are taken into consideration.     

两种光周期下矮牵牛‘幻想粉红’生长发育特性的研究

 将矮牵牛‘幻想粉红’分别培养在长日照和短日照条件下, 观测其始花期及株高、株幅、分枝数和开花数的变化; 将短日照下培养的‘幻想粉红’分别于2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16片真叶时移入长日照下进行培养, 观测从长日照处理至第1朵花开放的时间。结果分析表明: 长日照下, ‘幻想粉红’株型松散, 短日照下生长紧凑; ‘幻想粉红’为量性长日照植物, 短日照下要达到较大的营养生长量才能开花; ‘幻想粉红’的幼龄期约在8片真叶期结束。初步建议在8叶期之前采用短日照处理‘幻想粉红’,以得到紧凑的株型, 而在8叶期以后给予长日照, 以促进开花。     

矮牵牛栽培及周年开花的养护技术

介绍了矮牵牛在宁夏繁育栽培的实用技术，尤其是对矮牵牛周年开花的养护技术进行了探索和总结。     

倒挂金钟扦插繁殖及栽培技术

简述倒挂金钟的形态特征、生活习性,总结西宁地区倒挂金钟扦插繁殖与栽培管理技术要点,为青海倒挂金钟盆花生产提供理论依据。     

Resistance of 12 rose genotypes to 14 isolates of Diplocarpon rosae Wolf (rose blackspot) collected from eastern North America

Blackspot disease, caused by the fungus Diplocarpon rosae Wolf, is the most serious disease problem of roses worldwide. From a breeding perspective, the documented occurrence of races in the pathosystem necessitates the characterization of the race structure for the pathogen, identification of resistance genes in rose germplasm, and determination of the nature of genetic resistance to breed stably resistant rose cultivars. The objective of this study was to characterize the diversity of eastern North American races of D. rosae and to simultaneously determine the degree to which partial resistances existed in rose hosts. Twelve rose genotypes were inoculated with 14 single‐conidial isolates collected from eastern North America. Three distinct D. rosae races were identified based on presence/absence of infection in the differential array. There were five distinct reaction patterns across pathogen isolates among the 12 rose genotypes. The partial resistance components of leaf area with symptoms, lesion length and incubation period were evaluated for all inoculated plants. Variation for expression of partial resistance was noted, and partial resistance appears to behave in a race‐specific manner for some rose genotypes. Early defoliation differed between genotypes and may prove to be another component of partial resistance.     

秋石斛组织培养的研究

秋石斛为兰科植物,具有较高的观赏价值。本试验旨在建立秋石斛的工厂化育苗模式。采用秋石斛的高位芽为外植体,用75%酒精消毒1 min后,再用0.1%HgCl2消毒20 min,达到最佳的消毒效果。试验发现最佳的不定芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg·L-1+IBA0.5 mg·L-1+土豆泥80 g·L-1+活性炭1 g·L-1,增殖系数为4.5。最佳的生根壮苗培养基为MS+IBA0.8 mg·L-1+土豆泥80 g·L-1+活性炭1 g·L-1,生根率99%。移栽成活率达到95%。     

月季柱头形态发育进程与可授性

为研究月季柱头的形态发育进程与可授性的相互关系,提高授粉效率。以切花月季为材料,显镜观察柱头在不同发育阶段的形态变化,田间定期授粉后荧光显微观察柱头花粉萌发情况,并采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法检验柱头可授性。结果表明,月季柱头发育阶段可分为4种形态时期,分别为柱头中间凹陷期、丫状期、柱头2裂片平展期、柱头乳突组织衰老期;最佳授粉时期为柱头2裂片平展180°左右时,持续时间24～60h;定期授粉观察以及联苯胺-过氧化氢检验发现,柱头不同形态时期的可授性结果一致。说明月季柱头形态发育与可授性存在直接联系,可通过观察柱头形态来确定最佳授粉时期。     

Verbena × hybrida flower volatiles attractive to Western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis

Western flower thrips (WFT) are attracted to three flowering verbena cultivars. The volatile components of these cultivars contain different enantiomers of linalool oxide which have been synthesised and one shown to be attractive to WFT.     

矮牵牛TPS家族基因的鉴定与PhTPS1的表达分析

研究表明海藻糖能够参与调控植物的分枝发育。本研究利用生物信息学方法,从矮牵牛全基因组数据库中鉴定出10个TPS家族成员基因。进化树分析显示,矮牵牛10个TPS蛋白家族成员分为ClassⅠ和ClassⅡ两大类。ClassⅠ中PhTPS1和PhTPS2均含有16个内含子。ClassⅡ中所有成员均含有2个内含子。TPS 10个成员中共找到6个Motif。PhTPS1、PhTPS2、PhTPS3、PhTPS4、PhTPS5、PhTPS8、PhTPS9、PhTPS10均含有Motif1~Motif6,PhTPS6和PhTPS7含有Motif1~Motif5。利用实时荧光定量PCR分析PhTPS1基因在不同组织、不同处理下的表达水平。组织特异性表达分析显示:PhTPS1在叶腋中最高,而花瓣中的表达量最低;对PhTPS1在去顶后及生长素和细胞分裂素处理后的表达水平进行了检测,结果表明:去顶6 h后PhTPS1显著上升,但随之逐渐下降;去顶后施加IAA则明显抑制了去顶引起的PhTPS1的上调;施加6-BA6 h能够引起PhTPS1表达水平的显著上升,但24 h后表达水平明显降低。该研究对于揭示矮牵牛分枝发育机理以及培育分枝特性不同的矮牵牛新品种均具有重要意义。