蓖麻叶斑细菌病病原鉴定

吉林省蓖麻叶部发现两种细菌病害:一为圆形病斑;另一为多角形病斑。经对其病原细菌的形态、培养性状和生理生化性状的系统鉴定,分别确定为蓖麻细菌性叶斑病Pseudomonasfluorescens(Trevisan)Migula和蓖麻斑点病Xanthomonas campestris pv.ricini.(Yoshii and Takimoto)Dye。     

蓖麻生育产量与气象条件关系

三年分期播种试验结果，结合水分等其它试验数据，通过统计分析，得出栽培蓖麻从播种至成熟中各发育阶段的单因子和复因子（光、温、水）与阶段发育天数间的关系方程，可用于发育期予报。并相应得出各发育阶段的温度下限指标。与此同时还建立了蓖麻籽实产量和产油量与气象因子的关系方程，可用于产量和产油量的估测。通过盆栽试验得到南麻幼苗冻害温度指标。     

A comparison of impacts from silviculture practices and North American beaver invasion on stream benthic macroinvertebrate community structure and function in Nothofagus forests of Tierra del Fuego

The sub-Antarctic biome of South America is the world's southernmost forested ecosystem and one of the last remaining wilderness areas on the planet. Nonetheless, the region confronts various anthropogenic environmental impacts, such as the invasive North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and timber harvesting, particularly in stands of Nothofagus pumilio. Both of these disturbances can affect terrestrial and aquatic systems. To understand the influence and relative importance of these disturbances on sub-Antarctic watersheds, we characterized in-stream and riparian habitat conditions (pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, temperature, stream size, distance to riparian forest, bank slope, substrate heterogeneity, benthic organic matter) and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure (density, richness, diversity, evenness) and function (biomass, functional feeding group percent) in 19 streams on Tierra del Fuego Island. To explain the effects of beaver invasion and timber harvesting, we compared these physical and biotic variables among four habitat types: (a) beaver meadows, (b) shelterwood cut harvested areas without forested riparian zones, (c) variable retention harvested areas with riparian buffers, and (d) unmanaged old-growth primary forests. Most habitat variables were similar at all sites, except for dissolved oxygen (significantly higher in streams from old-growth primary forests). Benthic communities in beaver meadows had significantly lower diversity, compared to streams of unmanaged old-growth primary forests, and managed sites presented intermediate values between the two. Functionally, the benthic community in beaver meadows displayed a reduction of all functional feeding groups except collector-gatherers; again variable retention harvested areas with riparian buffers were similar to unmanaged old-growth primary forest streams, while shelterwood cut harvested areas occupied an intermediate position. These results indicated that current forestry practices that include both variable retention and legally mandated riparian forested buffers may be effective in mitigating impacts on stream benthic communities. Finally, these data demonstrated that C. canadensis invasion was a relatively larger impact on these streams than well-managed forestry practices.     

蒙新河狸采食对策初步研究

蒙新河狸为国家一级保护动物,数量稀少,属濒危物种。通过对该物种采食对策的初步观察研究,结果表明:在食物选择上,蒙新河狸对径级为1～3 cm的树木呈正选择。蒙新河狸家域最主要的采食区域为巢穴上下游100 m范围内,主河道两岸10 m范围内。蒙新河狸采食主要选择2年生的树木和多年生的大树(7 cm以上)。     

高产高油抗病蓖麻杂交品种中蓖杂1号的选育

中蓖杂1号以雌性系油5～88414为母本，恢复系9404为父本配组选育而成。该杂交种抗旱、耐盐碱、耐瘠薄、抗枯萎病能力强，种子含油率达50．87％。品种鉴定平均产量3640．5kg／hm^2，比对照油蓖5号增产33．3％。生产示范平均产量3874．5kg／hm^2，比对照油蓖5号增产43．5％。适宜华中地区春播种植。     

蓖麻数量性状遗传距离与杂种优势关系的研究

 【目的】摸索蓖麻种质资源的分类方法，分析蓖麻数量性状影响产量的程度，探讨数量性状遗传距离与杂种优势的关系。【方法】对46份蓖麻种质资源的11个数量性状进行了主成分分析和聚类分析，采用作图法研究21份亲本间遗传距离与杂种优势指数的关系。【结果】5个最大特征根的累积百分率为89.74%。在影响蓖麻产量的性状中，首先应考虑的性状为主穗及一二级分枝的果穗长、蒴果数，其次为单株有效穗，最后为百粒重。初步提出评选蓖麻种质资源的遗传主成分标准。46份蓖麻种质资源被分为4类，地理远缘材料在遗传上不一定远缘，而近缘材料由于选择方向不同可能成为遗传远缘。遗传距离与杂种优势指数的关系呈曲线关系。并非遗传距离越大杂种优势越强。【结论】评价资源间遗传差异时，不能仅以地理来源和亲缘关系为依据。在亲本选配时，应选择遗传距离中等较大的材料。     

蓖麻新品种的模糊综合评判

根据区域试验结果，运用模糊综合评判法对蓖麻新品种进行评价。结果表明，该方法适用于蓖麻新品种的综合评估，且计算简便易行，结果客观、全面，更接近于品种的实际表现。     

云南红壤上蓖麻干物质积累 和N、P、K吸收规律研究

选用蓖麻品种TCO - 202为试验材料,测定苗期、现蕾期、开花期、灌浆期、成熟期根、茎、叶、花序各器官 的干物质积累和氮(N) 、磷( P) 、钾(K)吸肥量。结果表明,干物质积累速率从出苗到灌浆呈上升趋势,到灌浆期达 最大值,灌浆期以后上升速度开始减慢。各个时期干物质积累量大小依次为:开花至灌浆期>苗期至现蕾期>灌 浆期至成熟期>现蕾期至开花期>苗期;蓖麻氮、磷、钾的吸收量在整个生育期遵从“慢—快—慢—快—慢”的规 律,吸收速率呈现双驼峰型, 2个吸肥速率高峰出现在现蕾期和灌浆期;在云南红壤上蓖麻每生产100kg籽粒需氮 (N) 7. 71kg,磷( P) 1. 26kg,钾(K) 4. 42kg,吸肥比例为1∶0. 16∶0. 57。     

Viscosity reduction of castor oil esters by the addition of diesel, safflower oil esters and additives

The high viscosity of vegetable oil can be reduced by transesterification with alcohols and converting it into biodiesel. Biodiesel can be used neat or blended with diesel as engine fuel. This study demonstrates that esters of castor oils have a higher viscosity than safflower oil derived esters and the viscosity can be reduced by blending with diesel. The viscosity increased in a non-linear fashion as the percentage of castor esters increased in castor esters diesel blends and in castor esters safflower esters blends. Only slight increases in viscosity were observed for B40 and B60 mixtures with No. 2 diesel. Addition of ten chemical additives in castor esters at the rate of 0.01%, 0.1% and 1.0% showed limited viscosity reduction.     

辐射对蓖麻种子生长及生理指标的影响

通过研究高剂量率（10Gy／min）不同剂量^60Coγ射线辐照（200-1500Gy）对蓖麻种子萌发、生长、田间出苗及相关生理指标的影响,结果发现：辐射剂量对种子最终发芽率影响不明显,但对田间出苗率、胚根长度及幼苗高度存在极显著影响,1000Gy以上剂量时,种子及幼苗的生长明显受到抑制,胚根缩短变粗,幼苗高度明显下降,田间出苗率也急剧下降;随着辐射剂量的增加,MDA含量、SOD活性及POD活性都呈先升后降趋势,在1000Gy时,达到最高峰值。根据田间出苗率进行回归分析,得出高剂量率辐射诱变的半致死剂量和临界剂量分别为1048．83Gy和1134．21Gy。结合种子萌发、幼苗生长及实际出苗情况考虑,初步认为：高剂量率条件下（10Gy／min）,“淄蓖5号”干种子的”Coγ辐射诱变以900Gy左右剂量（大于800Gy,小于1000Gy）较为适宜。