打顶对芝麻不同叶位光合特性的影响研究

在大田管理条件下,以不打顶为对照,研究了打顶对芝麻不同叶位叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明：芝麻叶片在打顶后通过调节合适的气孔开度来控制对蒸腾强度的调节,使气体交换达到一个经济合理的阈值,从而提高光能利用效率(LUE)和水分利用效率(WUE)。打顶使芝麻各部位叶片蒸腾强度（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）都同时下降,平均比不打顶的分别下降4.71%和8.81%,而光合速率和水分利用效率分别比不打顶的高出5.97%和13.96%。打顶与不打顶各叶位间比较,上、中、下三叶位叶片光合速率（Pn）、叶片光能利用效率、叶片水分利用效率、蒸腾强度和气孔导度都达极显著水平。打顶后,在生育后期中、下部叶位叶片仍具有较高的光合效率、光能利用效率与水分利用效率。     

氮肥运筹对郑单1002和郑单958冠层特征和产量的影响

以郑单1002和郑单958为材料,0(N0)、150(N1)、300(N2)kg/hm2氮肥水平,常规尿素和一次性基施掺混控释肥两种氮肥类型,研究不同氮肥运筹对夏玉米冠层特征、干物质积累与分配和产量的影响。结果表明,增加施氮量,两个品种穗位层和近地表叶面积指数(LAI)比N0处理增加25.7%~52.5%,开花期和成熟期干物质积累、千粒重、穗粒数、穗长和产量显著增加,农学利用效率降低22.0%~40.0%。与常规尿素相比,掺混控释肥增加玉米生长后期穗位层和近地表的透光率和成熟期干物质积累,提高了千粒重、穗粒数、产量和氮肥农学效率,降低子粒含水率。在相同施肥条件下,与郑单958相比,郑单1002的LAI和穗粒数分别提高7.5%~14.8%和2.3%~11.5%,千粒重降低1.4%~6.2%,产量提高0.8%~6.2%。     

Spatial pattern analysis of pre- and post-hurricane forest canopy structure in North Carolina,USA

Existing spatial patterns of a forest are in part a product of its disturbance history. Using laser altimetry and field measures of canopy top height to represent pre- and post-hurricane canopy topography, respectively, we measured changes in spatial patterns of stand structure of a United States southern mixed coniferous-deciduous for est. Autocorrelative and fractal properties were measured in this opportunistic study to quantify changes in canopy architecture along twelve, 190-250 m transects that were subjected to moderate to high levels of wind disturbance. Prior to the hurricane, canopy heights were autocorrelated at scales <40 m with an average fractal dimension of 1.71. After the disturbance, autocorrelation disappeared; the average fractal dimension rose to 1.94. This shift towards spatial randomness illustrates part of the cyclical nature of ecosystem development. It shows how a catastrophic collapse of biomass accumulation corresponds to a decrease in ecosystem organization across a landscape. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

不同高接换种和管理方式对柑桔枝梢的影响

主要研究了柑桔不同高接换种方法和管理方式对校梢萌发生长的影响。结果表明,不同高接换种部位、接芽数量和管理方式对接芽成活无明显影响,而对接芽萌发、校梢生长、树高及树冠有不同程度的影响。     

扩行距、缩株距对春玉米冠层结构及产量的影响

为探究西辽河平原地区玉米扩行距、缩株距密植增产的生理生态机制,本研究以紧凑耐密玉米品种‘农华101’和半紧凑耐密玉米品种‘伟科702’为试验材料,在6×104株·hm-2(D1)、7.5×104株·hm-2(D2)、9×104株·hm-2(D3)密度下,设置扩行距、缩株距(KH,种植行距为100 cm,D1、D2和D3株距分别为16.67 cm、13.33 cm和11.11 cm)和当地农民常规种植(CK,种植行距为60 cm,D1、D2和D3株距分别为27.78 cm、22.22 cm和18.52 cm)2种种植模式,测定玉米吐丝期、乳熟期及完熟期玉米冠层叶面积指数、茎叶夹角、叶向值、透光率和产量及其构成因素,计算叶面积衰减率,研究扩行距、缩株距种植对春玉米产量及冠层结构特性的影响。结果表明,2品种KH种植下产量均显著大于CK,以D2密度下增产最明显;生育后期2品种KH种植下叶面积指数均大于CK,且乳熟期均达显著水平,D2密度下差异最大;2品种KH种植下均表现为上部叶片茎叶夹角较小,叶向值较大,而中部叶片和下部叶片茎叶夹角较大,叶向值较小。2品种KH种植下冠层透光率各层位均大于CK,其中顶层和穗位层均达显著水平;D1密度下,除2015年吐丝期‘伟科702’外均表现为顶层穗位层底层,D2、D3密度下,除2015年乳熟期D3密度下‘伟科702’外均表现为穗位层顶层底层,且以吐丝期D2密度下差异最为明显。综上所述,在较高密度种植下KH种植模式冠层结构更为合理,产量更高;且不同品种对KH种植模式的响应存在差异,其中‘农华101’各层位叶面积指数、茎叶夹角均小于‘伟科702’;各层位叶向值、冠层透光率均大于‘伟科702’;实测产量不同密度下均大于‘伟科702’,在7.5×104株·hm-2密度下产量最大,且‘农华101’较‘伟科702’增产更为明显。     

民商合一体制下的商法地位

20世纪以来,随着市场经济的发展,出现了"私法公法化"的现象。商法的边界出现了模糊化的趋势,经济法发展起来,商法的地位进一步受到挑战。但在民商合一体制下,商法仍是一个相对独立的法律部门,它既区别于民法又区别于经济法。     

Effects of Night Temperature,Spikelet Position and Salicylic Acid on Yield and Yield‐Related Parameters of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Plants

Periodic episodes of heat stress and seasonally high night temperatures (HNT) are predicted to occur more frequently in the current changing weather environment. These events affect aspects of crop growth and development, including oxidative‐stress damage, reducing crop yield and quality. Salicylic acid (SA), a naturally occurring phenolic compound, associated with thermo‐tolerance, prevents oxidative damage by detoxifying superoxide radicals and altering antioxidant capacity in plants. A study was conducted to determine the effects of HNT and SA on multiple rice yield‐determining parameters with special emphasis on effects of HNT and SA at different spikelet positions in the panicle. Plants were grown under ambient night temperature (27 °C) or HNT (32 °C) in the greenhouse. They were subjected to HNT through use of continuously controlled infrared heaters, starting from 2000 h to 0600 h. The HNT did not affect productive tillers, main‐stem panicle length or number of primary branches per panicle; however, reduced yield resulted from significant negative effects on spikelet fertility (SF), grain length and width. The grains located at the base of the panicle showed decreased fertility, length and width. Application of SA increased antioxidant capacity, thereby preventing damage to membranes, hence increasing yield by predominantly affecting SF in rice plants.     

确立个性教育主体地位,培养高素质农业高职人才

从个性教育的背景与现状出发 ,探讨了个性教育在农业高职教育中的地位及进行个性教育的内容和原则 ,结合农业高职学生个性特点与成长规律 ,提出了创建农业高职学生个性发展环境的策略。     

高光谱遥感估测大豆冠层生长和籽粒产量的探讨

现代作物育种需要监测大量育种材料的生长并估测产量潜势, 高光谱遥感技术为此提供了简单、快捷、非损伤性测定的可能途径。选取30份大豆育成品种进行连续2年的产量比较试验, 在盛花期(R2)、盛荚期(R4)和鼓粒始期(R5)测定地上部生物量(ADM)和叶面积指数(LAI), 并利用ASD高光谱地物仪同步收集大豆冠层反射光谱信息。供试品种间ADM、LAI和产量差异显著或极显著。不同生育期可见光和近红外区域的光谱反射率与大豆ADM、LAI及产量均有显著相关, 尤其在R4和R5期相关性最高。在构建大量光谱参数的基础上, 遴选出对ADM、LAI及产量预测精度较好的回归模型。其中, R5期的P_Area560光谱参数与LAI和R4期的V_Area1450光谱参数与ADM构建的两个生长性状的监测模型效果最好, 决定系数(R²)分别为0.582和0.692。未发现单一生育期光谱参数对大豆估产的有效模型, 但综合R2期NPH1280、R4期V_Area1190以及R5期NPH560构建的产量估测模型, 决定系数(R²)达到0.68, 效果较好。本研究     

Physiological interpretation of a hyperspectral time series in a citrus orchard

Hyperspectral remote sensing for monitoring horticultural production systems requires the understanding of how plant physiology, canopy structure, management and solar elevation affect the retrieved canopy reflectance during different stages of the phenological cycle. Hence, the objective of this study was to set up and to interpret a hyperspectral time series for a mature and healthy citrus orchard in the Western Cape province of South Africa considering these effects. Based on the remotely sensed data, biophysical parameters at the canopy level were derived and related to known observed physiological and phenological changes at the leaf level and to orchard management. Fractions of mature fruit, flowers, and sunburnt leaves were considered, and indices related to canopy structure chlorophyll content and canopy water status were calculated.Results revealed small cover fractions of mature fruit, flowers and sunburnt leaves of respectively 2.1%, 3.1% and 7.0%, but the high spectral contrast between flowers and leaves allowed a successful classification of flowering intensity. Furthermore, it was shown that canopy level time series of vegetation indices were sensitive to changes in solar elevation and soil reflectance which could be reduced by applying an empirical soil line correction for the most affected indices. Most trends in vegetation indices at the canopy level could be explained by a combination of changes at the leaf level (chlorophyll, carotenoids, dry matter), changes in canopy structure (leaf area index and leaf angle distribution) and changes in cover fractions of vegetative flushes, flowers and sunburnt leaves. The transformed chlorophyll absorption ratio index over the optimised soil adjusted vegetation index (MCARI/OSAVI) was best related to leaf level trends in chlorophyll content. Seasonal changes in the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) were linked to inverse changes in the carotenoid-to-chlorophyll ratio. Canopy structure indices (the modified triangular vegetation index or MTVI2 and the standardized leaf area index determining index or sLAIDI) were sensitive to changes in leaf area index, average leaf angle as well to management interactions (pruning and harvest). Canopy water status was highly impacted during the spring flush due to expanding leaves that concealed trends in the underlying mature leaves. Seasonal trends in soil and weeds reflectance were related to changes in volumetric soil water content and to the earlier and reduced growth period of non-irrigated weeds.