Species composition of Modellidae and Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) in a coppice woodland

A continuous sampling of canopy beetles was carried out to determine variations in the abundance, species diversity, richness, and composition of the Mordellidae and Cerambycidae in a coppice woodland. Changes in the abundance and the species richness were monitored at three heights in the forest throughout the season in 1999, using yellow and blue water pan traps. The results showed significant variations in the abundance of Mordellidae among the canopy layers, while little variation was found for Cerambycidae. The abundance, species diversity, and richness were generally greater in summer. The results showed distinct species compositions in both families among layers.     

红花尔基沙地樟子松林天然更新特征

樟子松是沙地主要针叶造林树种,沙地樟子松林天然分布于内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市红花尔基;红花尔基地区的气候特点为高纬度、低海拔、寒冷半湿润、短无霜期。沙地樟子松于20 世纪50 年代在科尔沁沙地引种成功,但一直不能天然更新,并于 20 世纪 90 年代初出现了生长衰退、枯梢直至死亡的现象,而天然沙地樟子松林无论在更新还是生长上却一直处于健康状态。为了认识天然沙地樟子松林天然林的更新特征,于 2004 年 7-8 月对红花尔基天然沙地樟子松林的20 块样地、3 种林窗(2 圆形、5 窄长方形、3 宽长方形)樟子松天然更新指数进行了调查。结果表明,林龄大的林分(大于 50 年)总平均更新指数高于林龄小的林分(小于 50 年),最大更新指数达29株m-2。更新的苗龄绝大多数小于10年生。回归分析表明,林龄是决定天然更新的主要因子;虽然樟子松是阳性树种,但林冠的郁闭度似乎对天然更新没有直接影响。林窗更新调查结果表明,林窗内更新指数都较高;对于圆形林窗更新高峰出现在林窗南缘和东缘,而对于窄长方形林窗,更新高峰则出现于东缘;而且更新苗龄相对较大(最大达 38 年)。上述结果表明樟子松更新苗具有一定的耐阴性,但如果没有较大林窗或较大的其它干扰,如火、风雪害或皆伐等,更新苗木将很难进行入主林冠层。     

应用高分辨率卫星影像监测退耕地植被的覆盖度

利用QuickBird高分辨率影像,根据QuickBird影像自身特点,改进已有像元二分模型2个参数的估算方法,建立用NDVI归一化植被指数定量估算植被覆盖度的模型,并将该模型应用到退耕地中.结果表明:利用QuickBird影像监测退耕地的植被覆盖度受到退耕苗木树冠大小的限制,树龄小于1年的树木监测效果不佳;树龄大于2.5年的树木监测效果较好,精度可达83%以上,表明用此改进模型对2.5年以上退耕地进行植被覆盖度监测是可行的.     

Microclimate within beech stands—part II: thermal conditions

Within the framework of an interdisciplinary project on the effects of climate and forest management on beech-dominated deciduous forests (Swabian Jura, south-western Germany), forest meteorological investigations are carried out to analyse the influences of exposure and canopy density on the microclimate within various beech stands (Fagus sylvatica L.). This second paper of the series Microclimate within beech stands focuses on the thermal conditions that exist mainly in the near-surface layer at different test plots. They were analysed by air temperature, T_a, (at 1.5 m a.g.l) and soil temperature, T_s, at six depths measured continuously in the period 1999–2003. The main results can be summarized as follows. (1) The thermal situation within the beech stands described by T_a depended primarily on the turbulent air-mass exchange conditions which were based on the slope-specific energy balance of the forest floor and advective heat fluxes. (2) The thermal situation within the soil described by T_s at 3 and 20 cm depth was governed by the molecular heat transport. Therefore, the heating and cooling rates of T_s were always lower than for T_a. Higher T_a and T_s values for the test plots on the SW slope showed that the thermal conditions within the beech stands depended primarily on the exposure. (3) Based on slope-specific differences of daily extremes of T_a and T_s at 3 cm depth between the silviculturally treated and control plots, the influence of the more pronounced height growth of the understorey vegetation under the near-surface thermal conditions could be clearly verified for the NE slope.Abbreviations PAR Photosynthetically active radiation - PAI Plant area index - LAI Leaf area index     

HJ-1CCD与Landsat-8OLI在呼伦贝尔草原区FPAR反演中的比较分析

光合有效辐射吸收比率(Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation,FPAR)是主要的植物生理参数之一。本研究根据地面实测数据和由HJ-1CCD(Charge-coupled Device,CCD)及Landsat-8OLI(Operational Land Imager,OLI)影像提取的NDVI,分别建立研究区FPAR估算模型,对比分析和评价了CCD和OLI数据在反演研究区FPAR的精度。结果表明,基于CCD和OLI数据计算的NDVI与实测FPAR之间均呈现良好的正相关关系;针对每个基本采样单元(Elementary Sampling Units,ESU),两种数据反演的FPAR具有显著的一致性,且反演值相差甚少;剔除影像中受到云和云影影响的区域,整个研究区利用CCD与OLI数据反演的FPAR相关性好、分布趋势一致,且反演值均值差很小。本研究结果对该区域FPAR的进一步研究具有借鉴和指导意义,在以后的研究中可以尝试使用HJ-1CCD数据。     

棚架下垂叶幕与水平叶幕对香百川葡萄叶片光合特性的影响

[目的]比较棚架下垂叶幕和水平叶幕下葡萄叶片臭氧伤害状况以及对光合性能的影响.[方法]以5年生的葡萄品种香百川为试材,利用臭氧监测仪监测7-9月份栽培环境中臭氧浓度,采用CIRAS-3便携式光合作用测定仪和Handy PEA测定2种叶幕叶片的净光合速率和荧光特性.[结果]下垂叶幕缓解了臭氧伤害情况,其主梢叶片发生臭氧伤...     

Developing a dynamic growth model for teak plantations in India

Background： Tectono grandis （teak） is one of the most important tropical timber species occurring naturally in India. Appropriate growth models, based on advanced modeling techniques, are not available but are necessary for the successful management of teak stands in the country. Long-term forest planning requires mathematical models and the principles of Dynamical System Theory provide a solid foundation for these.
Methods： The state-space approach makes it possible to accommodate disturbances and avarying environment. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a dynamic growth model based on the limited data, consisting of three annual measurements, collected from 22 teak sample plots in Karnataka, Southern India.
Results： A biologically consistent whole-stand growth model has been presented which uses the state-space approach for modelling rates of change of three state-variables viz., dominant height, stems per hectare and stand basal area. Moreover, the model includes a stand volume equation as an output function to estimate this variable at any point in time. Transition functions were fitted separately and simultaneously. Moreover, a continuous autoregressive error structure is also included in the modelling process. For fitting volume equation, generalized method of moments was used to get efficient parameter estimates under heteroscedastic conditions.
Conclusions： A simple model containing few free parameters performed well and is particularly well suited to situations where available data is scarce.     

反射光谱法估计小麦叶片表皮蜡质含量的初步研究

为了探讨利用冠层反射光谱技术估计小麦叶片表皮蜡质含量的可行性,以小麦高叶片表皮蜡质含量材料2912与低叶片表皮蜡质含量品种普冰201和晋麦47及其杂交构建的F2:3株系为材料,通过氯仿提取称重法测定了小麦抽穗期的旗叶表皮蜡质含量,并采用FieldSpec 3测定了冠层反射光谱,分析小麦冠层反射光谱与叶片表皮蜡质含量之间的关系。结果表明,三个亲本以及株系间蜡质含量差异显著。高蜡质材料的可见光波段反射率整体高于低蜡质材料,短波长波段光谱反射率与叶片表皮蜡质含量相关性较高。以550和675nm波长的反射光谱为基础的单波/差值指数[R550/(R550-R675)]能较好地反映小麦叶片蜡质含量,两F2:3群体拟合模型的r2值分别为0.761和0.679,回归方程分别为y=0.07x-0.575和y=0.088x-1.481。     

利用有效积温提高冬小麦估产精度的研究

为探索如何利用冬小麦生长过程中的积温信息来提高遥感估产的准确性,以2009-2010和2012-2013年2个冬小麦生长季的田间试验数据为基础,利用有效积温和植被指数(NDVI)构建冬小麦当季估产指数INSEY(In-season estimate of yield)和INSEY-CGDD(In-season estimate of yield-cumulative growing degree days),分别用NDVI、INSEY和INSEY-CGDD与实测产量建立估产模型,并比较分析3类估产模型的精度。结果表明,3个变量与实测产量均成指数关系,其中INSEY-CGDD模型的精度最高(R2=0.59),预测能力最优,其次是INSEY模型(R2=0.55);而NDVI模型的精度最低(R2=0.35),预测能力最差。因此,在冬小麦估产模型中引入有效积温调整参数,可有效提高遥感估产模型精度。     

Multi-Temporal Detection of Rice Phenological Stages Using Canopy Spectrum

Information on rice phenology is essential for yield estimation and crop management. To test the ability of remote sensing in detecting multiple phenological stages, paddy rice canopy spectrum was measured by a hand-held radiometer. Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) was calculated from spectrum, and the slope of NDVI was obtained as its difference. We evaluated the response of NDVI and its slope to rice growth with a comparison of two late-season rice cultivars. The results showed that NDVI and its slope curves had distinct variation corresponding to rice development and they could be used as cultivar-independent phenological indicators. The dates of flooding and transplanting, tillering, panicle development, heading and flowering, maturity, harvest stages, and even field management practices, could be deduced from these indicators. ‘NDVI ≤ 0' could be used as a single threshold for the detection of flooding and transplanting. The largest spike in the curve of the NDVI slope indicated the duration of tillering stage. The next spike corresponded to panicle development. The heading and flowering stage was characterized by the maximum NDVI and the change of NDVI slope from positive to negative. At the maturity stage, NDVI decreased continuously, and its slope fluctuated just below zero. When rice grains were completely mature and ready for harvest, NDVI decline was accelerated. At harvest, NDVI slope reached its minimum value. The distinction between heading and maturity stages was obscure, most likely due to NDVI saturation at high biomass. The study might provide references for paddy rice phenology determination through remote sensing images.