基于多生育期MODIS-NDVI的区域冬小麦遥感估产研究

以河南省开封市为研究区,采用2005—2013年种植区域冬小麦生育期内16 d合成的250 m空间分辨率的归一化植被指数(NDVI)之和,与冬小麦产量数据进行相关分析,筛选得到最佳遥感估产时相,建立单变量回归模型;同时,基于冬小麦生长的各个关键时期NDVI构建多元回归模型,再通过主成分分析方法对多元回归模型参数进行改进,得到新的估产模型;最后使用开封市2014年的产量数据对估产模型进行验证,旨在构建具有较高精度的估产模型,从而更好地指导小麦生产。结果显示,3种估产模型的估产误差均控制在10.55%内,根据3个模型得到研究区内冬小麦最佳产量预测时段为3月下旬,即拔节期;3个模型中,主成分回归估产模型的产量拟合精度最高,达93.12%,具有一定的实用价值。     

森林对土壤侵蚀的调控作用研究综述

土壤侵蚀会带来严重的生态环境问题,森林具有很好地调控土壤侵蚀的作用,在此主要从森林植物的林冠层、枯枝落叶层以及根系3个方面阐述了森林的蓄水保土作用,并提出了这3个层次各自的调控特点及研究中存在的一些问题.     

复合干热胁迫下黄土高原夏季植被脆弱性评估

随着气候变化的加剧,高温干旱事件频发,对植被健康生长造成了严重影响。针对相关性方法难以准确刻画复合干热胁迫下植被脆弱性的问题,利用1982—2015年去趋势和标准化的归一化植被指数（detrended and standardized normalized difference vegetation index,SNDVI）、标准化降水蒸散发指数（standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index,SPEI）和标准化气温指数（standardized temperature index,STI）,构建基于Vine Copula的复合干热胁迫下植被脆弱性评估模型,量化黄土高原不同土地利用类型和气候区植被对高温干旱的响应关系。结果表明：1）黄土高原大部分区域SNDVI与SPEI呈正相关关系,与STI呈负相关关系,草地SNDVI与SPEI、STI的相关性最高,其次为耕地,林地最低;2）相对于单一干旱或高温事件,复合干热事件进一步加剧了植被脆弱性,复合干热胁迫下黄土高原6、7、8月植被损失概率分别为0.51、0.57和0.55,较高的区域集中在陕西北部、宁夏、甘肃东部和内蒙古等地区;3）黄土高原地区不同植被类型对复合干热的脆弱性各异,脆弱性从大到小依次为草地、耕地、灌木、林地。研究结果有助于深入了解植被对气候极端事件的响应,支持应对气候变化的陆地生态系统风险管理。     

新巴尔虎右旗植被覆盖变化研究

利用ArcGIS和ENVI的栅格空间分析工具,采用叠置分析、线性趋势分析法、均值法等分析方法,选用2001～2016年每年5～9月MODIS NDVI数据和该研究区域行政区划矢量数据来研究新巴尔虎右旗16年间的植被覆盖变化,为该地区植被趋势研究和生态建设提供一定的科学依据.结果表明:2001～2016年间新巴尔虎右旗生...     

ASTER遥感数据在矿区生态损害现状监测中的应用

德兴铜矿矿山多年开采对矿区生态环境造成极大的损害,为维护矿区可持续发展,生态损害现状调查尤为重要。利用ASTER数据结合野外实测各类地物反射光谱曲线,利用矿物指数提取矿区重金属和粘土污染;采用差值法提取水体污染状况;采用NDVI彩色密度分割法提取矿区植被污染信息。研究表明,铜矿区生态损害现状甚为严重,利用遥感手段监测矿区生态环境是完全可行的。这为矿区土地复垦与生态修复提供了技术支持和决策依据。     

Small area estimations of proportion of forest and timber volume combining Lidar data and stereo aerial images with terrestrial data

Abstract

Methods for small area estimations were compared for estimating the proportion of forest and growing stock volume of temperate mixed forests within a district of a member state (canton) in Switzerland. The estimators combine terrestrial data with remotely sensed auxiliary data. By using different model types, different sources of auxiliary data and different methods of processing the auxiliary data, the increase in estimation precision was tested. Using the canopy height derived from remote sensing data, the growing stock volume and the proportion of forest were estimated. The regression models used for the small area estimation provided a coefficient of determination of up to 68% for the timber volume. The proportion of plots correctly classified into forest and non-forest plots ranged between 0.9 and 0.98. Models calibrated over forest area only resulted in a maximal coefficient of determination of 37%. Even though these coefficients indicate a moderate model quality, the use of remote sensing data clearly improved the estimation precision of both the proportion of forest and the growing stock volume. Generally, Lidar data led to slightly higher estimates compared to data from aerial photography. It was possible to reduce the variance of the estimated proportion of forest to nearly one tenth compared with the variance based on the terrestrial measurements alone. Similarly, the variance of the growing stock volume could be reduced to one fourth as compared with the variance based solely on the terrestrial measurements.     

基于傅立叶变换的多时次NDVI地表覆被分类方法

从不同植被NDVI随季节的变化出发,通过对不同地表覆被类型多时次NDVI曲线的波形的分析.提出一种地表覆被的分类方法.通过利用曲线方差、经过傅利叶变换后谐波特征K以及最大振幅比重R这3个参数的组合,来进行地表覆被类型的分类.通过计算分类的混淆矩阵以及与部分地区实际地表情况的对比分析,说明该分类方法,能根据不同种类地物不同季节内绿度值的变化特征,对地表进行分类.     

Monitoring Forest Fire with MODIS-NDVI Images in Beijing

INTRODUCTION The moisture content of fuel is a critical parameter in fire ignition because flammability is closely dependent on it (Dimitrakopoulos et al. 2001). Dead fuel lying on the forest floor (fallen branches, litter, foliage) is the most dangerous because it is drier than live fuel and more dependent on rapid atmospheric changes. The moisture content of live fuel plays a marginal role in fire ignition, but it is critical in fire propagation modeling because the amount of water is d…     

基于影像区域合并分割技术的植被覆盖分级研究--以三峡库区小江流域为例

以影像区域合并分割技术为基础,综合运用相关GIS和RS软件,提出了植被覆盖分级研究的新方法.以三峡库区小江流域为例,以2002年的TM图像为信息源,结合研究区的地形图、GPS野外采样数据、植被指数和DEM等,对研究区的植被覆盖进行了分级研究.研究表明,三峡库区小江流域的植被覆盖总体上分布不均,但与流域区位及海拔高度呈现一定的规律性空间分布格局.这一研究对确定水土流失强度等级具有十分重要的意义,也为其它的遥感影像分析应用提供参考.     

The effects of Douglas-fir on tree-specific arthropod communities in mixed species stands with European beech and Norway spruce

The ecological effects of planting exotic Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] in Central Europe are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to answer the question of whether Douglas-fir affects tree specific arthropod communities in different mature forest types (Douglas-fir, spruce and beech dominated) in Southern Germany. Therefore, arthropod communities of stem and tree crown strata of Douglas-fir and spruce (Picea abies L.) were sampled in the years 1999–2001 using arboreal photo-eclectors and flight interception traps. Statistical analysis was conducted for all species and focused on conifer specialists at three levels: (1) species diversity, (2) guild structure and (3) community structure. Within the stem stratum, species diversity was significantly higher on spruce than on Douglas-fir independent of year and stand composition. This could not be explained by a single feeding guild, rather by species changing strata during the vegetation period. In contrast, species diversity in tree crowns was approximately the same for both conifer species. However, communities in Douglas-fir crowns were conspicuously different from those in spruce crowns, especially in the Douglas-fir dominated stand type. While zoophagous insects exhibited higher activity on Douglas-fir in 2000, xylophagous beetles were more abundant on spruce in 2001. In European beech stands with widely spaced Douglas-fir trees, the site specific and broad-leaved tree related fauna might be maintained. In addition, Douglas-fir with its resource of Adelges cooleyi and crowns that overtop the broad-leaved tree canopy, offer additional resources for several aphidophagous and thermophile species.