Immunizing efficacy of Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from different hostsEfficacite d'immunisation par differentes souches de Toxoplasma gondii isolees de differents hotes

Studies were carried out to determine the fate of virulent Toxoplasma gondii challenge in immune animals. Toxoplasma strains isolated from human, swine, rabbit and cat hosts were used for the primary immunization of mice. Brains were removed at various intervals after the challenge and subinoculated into normal mice. Prior immunization with one of the nine toxoplasma strains enabled the mice either to eliminate or harbour the challenge organisms without loss of virulence. The outcome of challenge infection was dependent on the parasite strain used for the immunization and the time interval between challenge and subinoculation. Mice immunized with strain KSU isolated from a cat eliminated repeatedly administered challenge from 80% of animals. Strain S 162 isolated from a swine eliminated similar challenge from only 20% of animals. The results indicate that the extent of protection against virulent T. gondii can vary widely and is related to the immunogenicity of the original immunizing strain.     

Effect of chlorimuron-ethyl on Bradyrhizobium japonicum and its symbiosis with soybean

Possible side-effects of the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl on Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner & Jordan) in pure culture and on inoculated soybean plants growing under controlled conditions were investigated. Growth of B japonicum strain E109 was not affected by this herbicide even when exposed to concentrations 150 times higher than recommended field doses. However, nodulation of soybean plants treated 5 days after emergence with chlorimuron-ethyl at standard application rates was impaired: a 38% decrease in the number of nodules per plant was observed four weeks after treatment. Despite nodule number decrease, no changes in shoot nitrogen content could be detected. Total fresh biomass was diminished by 25% in herbicide-treated plants. Leghemoglobin content in nodules did not vary; nevertheless total nodule protein was diminished by 40% in the herbicide-treated group. ALS activity in different soybean tissues and their relative sensitivity to chlorimuron-ethyl were also investigated. Roots and bacteroids had the greatest specific ALS activities. On a fresh weight basis, the bacteroid fraction displayed the highest ALS activity and was also the most tolerant to in vitro chlorimuron addition: 72% of its activity was retained after including 10 microM chlorimuron-ethyl in the reaction mixture. These results indicate that standard application rates of chlorimuron-ethyl will have limited incidence on B japonicum survival, and effects on nodulation may have little long-term consequences on soybean nitrogen fixation potential. The differences found among soybean tissues not only in intrinsic ALS activity but also in their relative sensitivity to this herbicide suggests that, in leguminous plants living in symbiosis with rhizobia, nodules may contribute to an enhanced tolerance to ALS inhibitors.     

Current situation of sharka disease in Ankara,Turkey

Sharka disease has a limited distribution in Turkey and does not present a problem for stone fruit production. However, sharka is the most common virus disease of apricots, plums and peaches in Ankara, although it is not a common disease in other cities in Turkey. In different parts of Ankara, 212 private gardens in 21 locations were surveyed forPlum pox virus (PPV) incidence. All together 935 trees of apricot, plum, peach, sweet cherry and sour cherry were sampled and tested for the presence ofPPV by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA).PPV was identified in numerous trees,viz. 286 apricots, 172 plums and 65 peaches. Strain differentiation ofPPV was accomplished using double-antibody sandwich indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DASI-ELISA). These assays confirmed the presence of isolates belonging toPPV-M, PPV-D and mixed infections ofPPV-M+D. This is the first report of the presence ofPPV-D and mixed infections ofPPV-M+D in Turkey. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 14, 2004.     

武陵山野生毛头鬼伞菌种分离与栽培试验

[目的]分离武陵山野生毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)菌种,并进行栽培试验,为其驯化育种提供依据。[方法]用组织分离法分离野生毛头鬼伞菌种,并对该菌种进行栽培试验。[结果]毛头鬼伞菌丝体白色,有锁状联合;菌丝体生长的最适pH为6.0,最适温度为25℃,最适原种培养基是麦粒培养基。[结论]毛头鬼伞菌丝体生长速度快;用稻草栽培时,生物学效率为58.42%。     

黄连木优株果实品质及结实特性研究

在河北省武安市和涉县自然分布的黄连木天然林中选出18个优株。对18个优株的结实情况、出仁率、脂肪含量、蛋白质含量进行了测定。结果表明,18个黄连木优株中,W14、Sh6、Sh11为大粒优株,果实千粒干重在80g以上;Sh4、Sh5、Sh6、Sh7、Sh8、Sh9、W11、W12为高含油优株,果实脂肪含量在40%以上;W11、W15、Sh10为高蛋白优株,果实蛋白质含量在9%以上;果实可溶性蛋白质含量以Sh1、Sh10、W2、W11、W14、W15含量较高,在3%以上;Sh2、Sh3、W10、W13无特殊优异性状,为可以淘汰的单株。     

陕西省猪瘟流行毒株E0和E2全基因分子特征分析

【目的】分析目前陕西省猪瘟病毒（CSFV）流行毒株的E0、E2全基因分子特征,为猪瘟防控提供参考。【方法】根据CSFV Shimen株及HCLV株全基因序列,设计并合成了4对引物,采用RT-PCR方法,从采自陕西不同地区的猪瘟病料中扩增E0、E2全基因并进行序列测定分析。【结果】从采集的病料中成功扩增了5株猪瘟流行毒株的E0、E2全基因,这5株流行毒株E0基因核苷酸同源性在94.4％～99.8％,与参考毒株ALD、Alfort187、Brescia、CAP、Glentorf、GPE、GXWZ02、HCLV、Paderborn、Rimes和Shimen的核苷酸同源性在80.4％～96.3％,氨基酸同源性在86.5％～99.3％。5株流行毒株E2基因核苷酸同源性在91.1％～98.0％,与参考毒株的核苷酸同源性在77.7％～94.6％,氨基酸同源性在85.2％～95.9％。5株流行毒株E0 Rnase活性区域氨基酸基序位点没有变异,但导致流行毒株发生免疫逃逸的E2蛋白关键位点中有3个发生了变异。【结论】测定的陕西省猪瘟流行毒株E0、E2基因序列变异明显,其中E2蛋白关键位点变异较大。     

坛紫菜自由丝状体移植育苗的初步研究

为建立有效的坛紫菜自由丝状体移植育苗技术,以坛紫菜的2个选育品系"申福1号"和"申福2号"及野生型品系为实验对象,初步研究了自由丝状体的移植量、移植后培养的光密度和温度对贝壳丝状体的生长和壳孢子放散量的影响,结果如下:当自由丝状体移植量为50～500 mg/m2,随着移植量的增加,贝壳丝状体的藻落数显著增加,但移植量如果超过100 mg/m2,贝壳丝状体的壳孢子放散量反而减少。培养光密度在10～50μmol photons/(m2.s)范围内,随着光密度的增加,贝壳丝状体的生长速度明显增快,但壳孢子的放散量却随着光密度的提高而减少。培养温度在15～25℃范围内,随着温度的升高,贝壳丝状体的生长明显加快;在15～20℃范围内,壳孢子放散量随着培养温度的升高而增加,在20～25℃范围内,壳孢子放散量反而随着培养温度的升高而减少。上述结果表明,在坛紫菜自由丝状体移植育苗中,过大的丝状体移植量、过高的培养温度和光密度均会导致贝壳丝状体的壳孢子放散量减少。     

猪圆环病毒2a/2b亚型病毒株灭活疫苗及其重组Cap蛋白亚单位疫苗的交互免疫实验

为评价猪圆环病毒(PCV)2a/2b两种基因型病毒株及其重组Cap蛋白(rCap)之间的交互免疫,本研究采用PCV2a-LG株和PCV2b-YJ株制备了2种病毒灭活疫苗,及其重组杆状病毒表达的2种Cap蛋白(PCV2a-rCap和PCV2b-rCap)亚单位疫苗.选用8周龄BALB/c鼠165只,随机分成11组,每组15只,用上述4种疫苗各免疫2组,以PCV2a或PCV2b株攻毒.攻毒后,所有鼠均未见肉眼可见的临床症状和病理变化.采用IPMA法检测抗体,4种疫苗于免疫第3周抗体转阳,第5周抗体效价达到1:200～1:800倍,其中PCV2a-rCap免疫组抗体效价最高.2种灭活苗和PCV2a-rCap免疫组攻击同型或异型病毒株均可以获得完全保护.以PCV2a和PCV2b各为指示病毒对病毒抗血清和rCap蛋白抗血清进行交叉中和试验,同型病毒株与同型血清的中和抗体效价均高于异型病毒株.病理观察显示,免疫鼠均未见明显病理变化,攻毒对照鼠肺脏出现一定程度的病理损伤.本研究表明,病毒灭活疫苗及其rCap亚单位疫苗PCV2a和PCV2b可提供交叉保护.     

禽用多价活疫苗的作用机理与研究探索

疫苗在疾病控制中的作用毋庸置疑,但疫苗在发挥其防控疾病的过程中出现了很多的问题,且不断有新的问题出现,针对当前疾病流行的新特点和疫苗免疫的种种问题,本文综述了多价疫苗在疾病控制中的作用,从原理和临床实践中分析多价疫苗的前詈。     

聚乙烯醇核桃壳复合固定菌群的除油效能研究

研究了应用聚乙烯醇(PVA)将除油菌群固定于核桃壳粒上的固定化方法的除油效果。结果表明,复合载体具有较高的除油效能,除油率分别达到65.58%(36h),84.85%(48h),90.03%(60h)。与直接吸附方法相比,该法在保持细菌活性、抗水质变化冲击方面优势显著。