一株丙硫菌唑降解菌的筛选及其降解条件的优化

从活性污泥中筛选出以丙硫菌唑为唯一碳源的降解菌株,对该菌株进行形态学、生理和生化特征结合16S rDNA基因序列鉴定为假单胞菌属绿脓杆菌,命名为 Pseudomonas aeruginosa W-313。通过响应面法对菌株W-313降解丙硫菌唑的条件进行优化,初始pH值为7.40,温度为 32 ℃,葡糖糖含量为0.60%时,W-313降解丙硫菌唑效果最佳,48 h降解率可达65.12%,与实际情况下基本吻合。研究结果为利用环境微生物降解丙硫菌唑及其代谢物进而有效规避残留农药污染提供新理论依据。     

Wild Bonelli’s eagles (Aquila fasciata) as carrier of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella and Campylobacter in Eastern Spain

Wild birds have repeatedly been found to be involved in the dissemination of enteric bacterial pathogens in the environment. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of Salmonella and Campylobacter as well as the antimicrobial resistance in wild Bonelli’s eagles nestlings in Eastern Spain. In addition, we compared the efficiency of two sampling methods (fresh faecal samples from nest and cloacal swabs from nestlings) for detection of both bacteria. A total of 28 nests with 45 nestlings were analysed. In the nest, Salmonella occurrence was 61 ± 9.2%, while Campylobacter occurrence was 11 ± 5.8% (p < 0.05). In the nestlings, Salmonella occurrence was 36 ± 7.1%, while Campylobacter occurrence was 11 ± 4.7% (p < 0.05). Eight Salmonella serovars were identified, and the most frequently isolated were S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Houston, and S. Cerro. Only one Campylobacter species was identified (C. jejuni). Regarding antimicrobial resistance, the Salmonella strains isolated were found to be most frequently resistant to ampicillin and to tigecycline; however, the sole Campylobacter strain recovered was multidrug resistant. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that wild Bonelli’s eagles nestlings are greater carriers of Salmonella than of Campylobacter. Both Salmonella and Campylobacter isolates exhibited antimicrobial resistance. In addition, faecal samples from nests were most reliable for Salmonella detection, while cloacal swab from nestlings were most reliable for Campylobacter detection.     

复合菌剂对玉米秸秆的生物降解作用

为了最大限度地降解农业废弃物玉米秸秆,本研究探讨复合菌剂对玉米秸秆的生物降解作用。采用国家标准中相关测定方法对玉米秸秆中的纤维素和木质素进行测定。结果表明,S-3菌株与白腐真菌复合得到的复合菌剂对玉米秸秆中的纤维素和木质素有很好的降解作用,其最佳降解玉米秸秆的条件为:S-3菌株与白腐菌复合配方为8∶8,料水比为1∶2.5,发酵温度为30℃,发酵时间为17d。在此条件下,秸秆纤维素的降解率为:35.60%,木质素的降解率为:37.41%。     

大鲵虹彩病毒流行株的分离及其主衣壳蛋白编码基因序列比较分析

大鲵虹彩病毒(giant salamander iridovirus, GSIV)是近年中国大陆新发现的引起人工养殖大鲵(Andrias davidianus)大规模死亡的病毒病原。为了揭示大鲵虹彩病毒流行株的基因型差异, 本研究对2010–2012年采集自全国不同大鲵养殖区域的患虹彩病毒病的大鲵样本进行了分子检测、病毒分离培养以及病毒主衣壳蛋白(major capsid protein, MCP)基因测序与比对分析。结果显示, 采自陕西、湖北、湖南、浙江、江西、福建等省的10个样本检测为阳性, 通过细胞培养获得10株病毒流行株。对该10株流行株MCP基因的测序与比对分析发现, 核苷酸序列相似性达到99.7%~100%, 其推测的氨基酸序列无明显差异, 证实中国大鲵虹彩病毒流行株属同一基因型。系统进化树分析结果表明, 所选大鲵虹彩病毒与蛙病毒分别聚为一枝, 但其亲缘关系较近。本研究结果旨为大鲵虹彩病毒病的疫苗研制及其免疫防控技术研究奠定基础。

     

低温条件下混合乳酸菌制剂对芦苇发酵品质的影响

为探讨低温条件下混合乳酸菌制剂对芦苇(Phragmites australis Cav.Trin.ex Sterd.)发酵品质的影响,对含水量为40%的芦苇添加混合乳酸菌制,分别设计4℃和0℃的发酵温度,密封发酵,分别取3,4,5,6,7和8周的发酵样品分析。结果表明:在0℃条件下,发酵后第5周pH值出现显著下降(P<0.05),第8周NDF含量显著降低(P<0.05)。在4℃条件下,发酵第3周起pH值一直保持在4.20以下。在相同发酵时间内,4℃条件比0℃条件时的pH值显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸菌数量、乳酸产量显著提高(P<0.05),乙酸产量显著降低(P<0.05)。在低温条件下,对每克干物质添加6.63(lg CFU·g^-1DM)的混合乳酸菌,可使含水量为40%的芦苇启动发酵。为保证得到优良发酵质量,发酵时间应在6周以上。     

不同品系欧洲报春的抗寒性研究

在不同低温处理下,分别对引进的3个品系欧洲报春叶片和花进行相对电导率及游离脯氨酸含量测定,分析其抗寒性的差异,结果表明:3个品系的欧洲报春花叶片伤害度、半致死温度和游离脯氨酸含量变化较为相符,其叶片和花的耐寒性强弱为:丹若娃的叶片>里拉的叶片>妃纯的叶片;妃纯的花>丹若娃的花>里拉的花,与其在露地栽培中观察到的结果相符。     

交叉保护防治柑橘衰退病研究进展

柑橘衰退病毒引起的茎陷点型和速衰型衰退病对世界柑橘产业造成了严重损失。目前交叉保护是防治茎陷点型衰退病最有效的方法,也用于酸橙砧木速衰型衰退病的防治。从各国防治经验、弱毒株筛选方法、防治机理等方面对交叉保护防治柑橘衰退病的最新研究进展作出综述,同时就现有交叉保护防治技术的不足和解决途径进行讨论和展望,旨在为更好地防治柑橘衰退病提供借鉴。     

几个板栗优系生长结实特性的调查分析

对高接后３ａ，综合性状优良，品种、产地与成熟期均不相同的６个板栗优系的生长结实特性进行了调查与分析，明确了板栗优系生长结实的基本特性，结果母枝粗度和结果枝粗度、数量、着生部位与雌花序数的关系，为板栗良种选育和丰产栽培提供了一定的理论依据。     

Resistance at the TM-2 locus in the tomato to tomato mosaic virus

Summary There are three known tomato mosaic virus (TMV) resistance factors, Tm-1, Tm-2 and Tm-2 ², in the tomato. Tm-2 ² is currently the most widely utilised in glasshouse cultivars. Both Tm-2 and Tm-2² can induce systemic necroses in response to virus infection. These are considered to be hypersensitive resistance reactions in view of the low virus concentrations in affected plants and because sub-inoculation usually fails to infect all plants possessing the same resistance gene. The literature relating to TMV resistance at the Tm-2 locus in the tomato is reviewed.Virulent strains may readily establish when Tm-1 or Tm-2 are used, but Tm-2 ² confers more effective resistance. The possible development of aggressive isolates capable of affecting Tm-2 ²/Tm-2² plants is discussed. The establishment of virus types which cause systemic necrosis at normal growing temperatures is considered more likely than widespread infection from fully virulent strain 2² mutants. However, the growing of crops isolated from the TMV reservoirs in the soil considerably reduces the likelihood of even this occurring.     

谷蠹磷化氢高抗性品系的抗性遗传分析

用采自广东潮州、湖北沙洋和广东阳春等3个高抗性品系的谷蠹进行了抗性遗传研究，分别对这3个高抗性品系的谷蠹和一个敏感品系的谷蠹进行纯化后，作为亲本进行一系列杂交组合试验，用LCT方法测出各个亲本及其F1代杂种（F1）、F1代对抗性亲本的回交（F1－BC）、F1代自交（F2）、敏感亲本雄性与抗性亲本雌性的杂交（F11）、抗性亲本雄性与敏感亲本雄性的杂交（F12）的浓度时间对数－死亡机率值反应曲线（LCT－P线），并对这些结果进行分析。结果表明：各地对磷化氢有高抗性的谷蠹品系的抗性遗传都为不完全显性，受两对或两对以上基因控制，并在常染色体上而非性连锁。