安徽省热量资源空间分布模型及插值方法研究

【目的】对安徽省热量资源进行栅格化处理,解决无测站地区的热量资源估算问题,为区域农业气候资源评估提供依据。【方法】利用安徽省1971~2000年气象站地面资料,在地理信息系统技术(GIS)支持下,采用多元回归结合空间插值方法,建立安徽省热量资源要素空间分布模型,并比较反距离权重法(IDW)、克里格和样条函数3种空间插值方法的精度。【结果】基于GIS平台,建立了安徽省250 m×250 m分辨率的温度和积温栅格化数字地图。对空间插值方法的交叉验证结果表明,3种空间插值方法的平均绝对误差、平均误差平方的平方根排序均为IDW<克里格法<样条函数法,IDW法效果最优。【结论】应用GIS空间内插技术,构建高分辨率的栅格化热量资源要素集,可有效提高农业气候资源分析和利用的精细化程度。     

地理信息网格与数字农业建设刍议

网格技术是网络环境下海量数据管理和信息共享的有效方法。地理信息网格是网格技术在地理空间技术领域的应用,作为农业空间信息网格的基础,它是实现农业信息共享与服务的有效途径。地理信息网格在数字农业领域的广泛应用将深刻影响农业信息系统的规划部署、运行和管理机制,提高农业信息资源共享程度和使用效率,推进数字农业建设的步伐。     

改进型遗传算法在农网无功优化中的应用

根据农村电网的特点,建立了综合考虑全年网损、电压质量和补偿设备投资的无功优化规划数学模型.应用自适应遗传算法改进了传统遗传算法的遗传算子和终止判据等,提出了一种配电网无功优化的改进型遗传算法,其收敛速度和求解精度均有提高.算法实例表明,改进遗传算法的优化效果优于传统遗传算法.     

格网化小麦生长模拟预测系统设计与实现

利用作物生长模型模拟小麦区域生产力,分析气候变化对农业生产的影响是研究粮食安全的热点问题之一。拥有操作方便、计算快速特点的小麦区域生产力模拟系统,可有效提高作物生长模型区域应用能力。该研究在分解小麦生长模型WheatGrow算法基础上,利用Python语言构建了格网化小麦生长模型,实现了基于空间格网数据的小麦区域生产力模拟。验证试验结果表明:模拟产量的均方根误差为1 070 kg/hm²,标准均方根误差小于20%,系统所集成的WheatGrow模型具有较好的预测性;同时,结合格网数据分块构建区域模拟的并行计算策略,优化了区域模拟的性能。在此基础上,采用GIS组件式开发模式,在.NET平台下开发格网化小麦生长模拟预测系统,实现作物生长模型与GIS耦合,为研究区域小麦产量潜力,评估气候变化对小麦生长影响,制定农业决策提供软件工具。     

基于CFD的90°弯管水头损失计算的参数敏感性分析

计算流体动力学在水利行业中得到了广泛的应用。【目的】从众多不确定因素中找出对CFD建模有重要影响的敏感性因素,并分析其对计算结果的影响程度,优化90°弯管的CFD建模方案。【方法】采用单因素分析方法,分析了网格尺寸、湍流模型、水体密度、运动黏滞系数、当量粗糙高度等参数对计算结果的影响。【结果】RNG k-ε湍流模型计算结果与经验系数计算结果相对误差在±5%以内,能有效模拟弯管湍流流态;该湍流模型无需较小的网格尺寸,能够利用较小的计算资源得到精度较高的计算结果;当水体温度高于15℃时,三维流场计算软件能够对水体密度和运动黏滞系数进行修正,使计算结果精度更高;模拟水力光滑管道时,水体密度和运动黏滞系数对计算结果影响较小。【结论】工程算例模拟计算中,应当充分考虑模拟对象的体型和材料特点以及水体温度等因素,选取适当的参数值,能有效地降低计算成本,提高计算精度。     

The influence of input data quality in determining areas suitable for crop growth at the global scale – a comparative analysis of two soil and climate datasets

The assessment of biophysical crop suitability requires datasets on soil and climate. In this study, we investigated the differences in topsoil properties for the dominant soil mapping units between two global soil datasets. We compared the ISRIC World Soil Information Center’s World Inventory of Soil Emissions Potential 5 by 5 arc min Soil Map of the World (ISRIC‐WISE 5by5 SMW ) with the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) in 0.5 arc min. We also incorporated annual mean temperature and mean precipitation from two global climate datasets that were the WorldClim measurement‐based climate dataset and the Kiel Climate Model (KCM) modelled results of global climate from 1960 to 1990. We then applied a fuzzy logic approach using different combinations and resolutions of the datasets to determine the effects on the extent and distribution of suitable areas for 15 crops. We only used the spatially dominant soil class in the mapping units in the soil databases (resampled to the same resolution of 5 arc min), and we found that the estimates of topsoil properties (0–20 cm in ISRIC‐WISE and 0–30 cm in HWSD) of the seven analysed parameters were up to 40% lower in most of the HWSD than in the ISRIC‐WISE 5by5 SMW. Results from the KCM are 0.1 °C (1%) lower in mean global annual temperature and 20% higher in average global annual precipitation compared with the WorldClim data. The HWSD‐based runs resulted in 10% less crop‐suitable land than the ISRIC‐WISE 5by5 SMW‐based results. The KCM simulations predicted 1% less crop‐suitable land than the WorldClim model. Despite generalizations, our results demonstrate that discrepancies in crop suitable areas are largely due to the differences in the soil databases rather than to climate.     

数字林业网格中的资源注册元服务

在对现有各种注册与索引技术进行研究的基础上,提出一种资源规范语言(resource specification language),并给出该语言的XML Schema描述.在此基础上,基于Java语言设计实现分布式的网格资源注册元服务.该元服务使用在数字林业网格中,可为数字林业网格提供稳定和高效的资源注册与查找服务.     

Erosion Optimized Diagnosis of Brand Grounding Grid

To find the corrosion of the grid ,large area cutting has been adopting in practice for a very long time. But this method is blind, difficult and influences the system operating. The erosion diagnosis method in the past is effective for the smaller grid. To the brand ones, it can not take effect. The method of separating the grounding grid into several parts and diagnosing step by step is discussed by lots of simulation about middle or brand grounding grid erosion diagnosis. This method makes the brand grounding grid erosion diagnosis quick and truly without power cut and digging large area, satisfies the demand in practice. Putting this optimized diagnosis method into practice , the result is good.     

Distributed Data Mining on the Grid

Distributed data mining(DDM) is widely used in industrial,scientific and commercial applications to analyze large datasets maintained over geographically distributed sites,which makes DDM a major research issue on(today's) data mining field.This paper discusses the disadvantages of existing DDM systems,puts forward a service-oriented architecture for DDM on the grid and describe the process of mining under this framework.In the proposed,serviceoriented,cross-platform framework,the mining algorithm and distributed data sets are packed into the Web Service Resources(WS-Resource) respectively,which can cooperate to perform DDM as required dynamically.Finally,a grid based on local area network was built with Globus Toolkit 4.0 and take an example of association rule mining to illustrate how to work with the proposed architecture.     

Opening Architecture of Collaborative Design Grid and Its Key Techniques

OGSA, as a universal grid computing frame, has resolved a good many problems in the CSCD, and provides a new solution for the network-based collaborative design. This paper studied the main problems in application of the grid technology to network-based collaborative design system by the OGSA based the WSRF, which is used as the basic platform of collaborative design grid. The meaning of the collaborative design grid is explained, and then the opening architecture of collaborative design grid design process on the condition of eoll is presented based on the function analysis in detail. Meanwhile, the collaborative aborative design grid is explained, and the key technologies of the collaborative design grid are analyzed deeply. The results provide a solution and groundwork for the more research on the collaborative design grid and its implementation.